Badenští Měkkýši Z Nového Vrtu V Lomnici U Tišnova

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Badenští Měkkýši Z Nového Vrtu V Lomnici U Tišnova MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Přírodovědecká fakulta Ústav geologických věd Badenští měkkýši z nového vrtu v Lomnici u Tišnova Bakalářská práce Klára Mihulková Vedoucí práce: doc. Ing. Šárka Hladilová, Csc. Brno 2013 Bibliografický záznam Autor: Klára Mihulková Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav geologických věd Název práce: Badenští měkkýši z nového vrtu v Lomnici u Tišnova Studijní program: Geologie Studijní obor: Geologie Vedoucí práce: Doc. Ing. Šárka Hladilová, Csc. Akademický rok: 2012/2013 Počet stran: 35 Klíčová slova: baden; karpatská předhlubeň; Lomnice u Tišnova; Mollusca; Gastropoda; Bivalvia Bibliographic Entry Author: Klára Mihulková Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Geological Sciences Title of Thesis: Badenian molluscs from the new borehole at Lomnice near Tišnov Degree programme: Geology Field of Study: Geology Supervisor: Doc. Ing. Šárka Hladilová, Csc. Academic Year: 2012/2013 Number of Pages: 35 Keywords: Badenian; Carpathian foredeep; Lomnice near Tišnov; Molluscs; Gastropoda; Bivalvia Abstrakt V předloţené bakalářské práci jsem shrnula dosavadní poznatky o nálezech měkkýšů v okolí Lomnice u Tišnova. Z jader nového vrtu LOM 1 (hloubka 21 m), jsem zpracovala a systematicky určila nalezené schránky měkkýšů. Determinovala jsem celkem 18 druhů. Z celkového počtu určených exemplářů převaţovala třída Gastropoda (12 druhů) nad třídou Bivalvia (4 druhy) a třídou Scaphopoda (2 druhy). Ve studovaném materiálu převaţovaly rody Turritella, Roxania, Turbonilla, Lunatia, Corbula a Nuculana. Abstract In the thesis I summarized current knowledge on the findings of molluscs at Lomnice near Tišnov. I processed shells from the core of the new borehole LOM 1 (depth 21 m) and then I determined them. In total 18 species were found, Gastropoda (12 species) predominating Bivalvia (4 species) and Scaphopoda (2 species). Genera Turritella, Roxania, Turbonilla, Lunatia, Corbula and Nuculana prevailed in the studied material. Poděkování Na tomto místě bych chtěla velice poděkovat vedoucí své bakalářské práce doc. Ing. Šárce Hladilové, Csc. za odborné rady, pomoc při řešení problémů a poskytnutí potřebného vybavení. Za realizaci fotografií na stereomikroskopu Leica MZ16 děkuji doc. Martinu Ivanovovi, Dr. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, ţe tuto práci jsem vypracovala samostatně. Veškerou literaturu a ostatní prameny, z nichţ jsem při přípravě čerpala, řádně cituji a uvádím v seznamu pouţité literatury. V Brně dne: …………………… Jméno Příjmení Obsah Úvod .............................................................................................................................................. 8 1. Karpatská předhlubeň ................................................................................................................ 9 1.1. Eger .................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Eggenburg ........................................................................................................................ 10 1.3. Ottnang ............................................................................................................................. 11 1.4. Karpat ............................................................................................................................... 11 1.5. Baden ................................................................................................................................ 12 2. Geologie Tišnovska ................................................................................................................. 14 3. Geologie Lomnice u Tišnova .................................................................................................. 16 4. Kmen Mollusca ....................................................................................................................... 16 4.1. Obecná charakteristika a morfologie těla ......................................................................... 16 4.2. Popis schránek měkkýšů (Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Scaphopoda) ....................................... 17 5. Přehled paleontologických výzkumů na lokalitě Lomnice u Tišnova .................................... 18 6. Metodika práce ........................................................................................................................ 20 7. Vlastní výsledky ...................................................................................................................... 20 8. Diskuse .................................................................................................................................... 26 9. Závěr ........................................................................................................................................ 27 10. Seznam pouţité literatury ...................................................................................................... 28 11. Přílohy ................................................................................................................................... 31 7 Úvod Téma bakalářské práce mi bylo přiděleno doc. Ing. Šárkou Hladilovou, Csc., kterou jsem si vybrala za svou školitelku. Práce je zpracována v rámci projektu 205/09/0103 (GAČR). Cílem práce bylo v rešeršní části shrnutí dosavadních poznatků o geologii a paleontologii zkoumané oblasti, v praktické části odběr a dokumentace vzorků z vrtného jádra nového vrtu LOM 1. V laboratorní etapě zpracování výplavů z vrtu a zařazení nalezených schránek do systému a jejich stratigrafické a paleoekologické zhodnocení. 8 1. Karpatská předhlubeň Karpatská předhlubeň na Moravě je součástí alpsko-karpatských pánví v předpolí flyšových jednotek. Na JZ je napojena na molasovou zónu Rakouska a pokračuje směrem na SV do Polska (Hruban, 2007). Tvoří ji soustava miocenních pánví, které v souvislosti s postupujícími flyšovými příkrovy přemisťovaly svůj prostor a osu do předpolí na prohýbající se okraj Českého masivu. Tyto příkrovy se pohybovaly součastně se sedimentací. Uloţeniny předhlubně tak leţí pod příkrovy, před nimi i na nich (Kalvoda a kol., 1998). Během pliocénu a kvartéru intenzivní denudace postihla sedimenty jiţ nezpevněné. Dnes jsou zachovány relikty ve výplních pánví (zbytky na Ostravsku, Opavsku, v Hornomoravském úvalu, v Dyjskosvrateckém úvalu a v Boskovické brázdě). Mocnost sedimentů je aţ do 2500m (Brzobohatý a kol., 1993). Obr. č. 1: Karpatská předhlubeň (upraveno, Rasser a kol., 2008) 1.1. Eger Sedimentace začala ve stupni eger. Na sz cíp vranovického příkopu je vázán výskyt tzv. malešovických vrstev s vápnitými hnědošedými aţ černošedými mořskými jílovci s bohatou faunou, které byly zjištěny v jediném vrtu (HV - 102 Malešovice). Tyto vrstvy jsou povaţovány za nejstarší jednotku předhlubně (Chlupáč a kol., 2002). 9 1.2. Eggenburg Mořská transgrese, která zasáhla karpatskou předhlubeň od J, je spojena s násunem Vnějších Západních Karpat na jiţní, flexurně prohnuté části Českého masivu (Nehyba a kol., 1997). Vídeňská pánev a předhlubeň v této době patřily k souvislému sedimentačnímu prostoru se zaplavenými hřbety ţdánické, pouzdřanské i magurské jednotky (Chlupáč a kol., 2002). Na bázi miocénu leţí v okolí Znojma tzv. ţerotické vrstvy, jejichţ sedimentace začala jiţ v egeru. Tyto vrstvy představují proluviální sedimenty suchého období a obsahují kaolinické nevápnité štěrky a písky, které přecházejí do nevápnitých, faunisticky sterilních písků a jílů. Bazální vrstvy eggenburgu jsou tvořeny hrubozrnnými a jemnozrnnými štěrky, písky a pískovci. Ve vyšších vrstvách dochází k ukládání jílů. Nálezy měkkýšů a rybí fauny (Glycimeris fichteli, Pholas dactylus, Crassostrea gryphoides, Pirenella moravica aj.) jsou důkazem toho, ţe se střídalo mořské a brakické prostředí (Brzobohatý a kol. 1993). Čtyroký, 1991 povaţuje za nejvyšší horizont eggenburgu tzv. ryolitové tufity. Střídání marinních i brakických sedimentů se ukázalo i ve vrtu v nesvačilském příkopu u Ţatčan. V okolí Čejkovic a Boţic najdeme čejkovické písky, které jsou podle Krystka (1983), interpretovány jako pláţové písky, respektive písky kos a písky valů. Moře v eggenburgu v JZ části karpatské předhlubně na Moravě mělo podle Kalabise (1970, in Nehyba a kol., 1997) kolísající salinitu, proměnlivost, čistotu vody, provzdušnění a nebylo hlubší neţ 40m. Sloţení sedimentů bylo ovlivněno i činností severomaďarských nebo východoslovenských vulkánů, které dodávaly materiál ryolitovým tufům jak v nejvyšším eggenburgu, tak během nejniţšího ottnangu (Nehyba a kol. 1999). Směrem k východu do pánve je eggenburský vývoj stabilnější. Sled glaukonitických nebo drobovitých pískovců či písků přecházejících do vápnitých jílů s nálezy foraminifer počíná v Mikulově. V okolí Chvalkovic, Bučovic či Ţarošic zachytily vrty v podloţí příkrovu obdobný mořský vývoj (Chlupáč a kol., 2002). Na Ostravsku proběhla sedimentace eggenburgu v mělkém moři a v prokysličeném prostředí, bez sladkovodních či brakických vlivů. Dokládají to okrajové vývoje bryozoových vápenců a hrubozrnných slepenců a pískovců (Brzobohatý a kol., 1993). Ve slepencích byly zachyceny hojné úlomky měkkýšů čeledi Pectinidea a zuby ţraloků. (Müller a kol., 2000). Sedimenty eggenburgu představují relikty denudační popřípadě tektonické eliminace původního pokryvu. Opavsko v této době bylo souší (Brzobohatý a kol., 1993). 10 1.3. Ottnang V tomto stupni došlo k ovlivnění vývoje karpatské předhlubně tzv. štýrskými pohyby. Celé území se zdvihlo, nejintenzivnější výzdvih byl na SV a JZ předhlubně. Na JZ došlo po částečné erozi eggenburských
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