Roadmap for Low Carbon and Climate Resilient Kolkata Roadmap for Low Carbon and Climate Resilient Kolkata
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Roadmap for Low Carbon ClimaROADMAPte Resilient FOR LOWKolkat a CARBON AND CLIMATE RESILIENT KOLKATA ROADMAP FOR LOW CARBON AND CLIMATE RESILIENT KOLKATA ROADMAP FOR LOW CARBON AND CLIMATE RESILIENT KOLKATA Roadmap produced by ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are eternally grateful to Mr. Sovan Chatterjee, Hon’ble Mr. Sanjoy Bhowmik DG, Electrical, Mr. Subhasish Chat- Mayor-KMC, Mr. Manish Gupta, Hon’ble Minister-in-Charge, topadhyay DG, SWM, Mr. B. K. Maiti, DG (Water Supply), Department of Power and Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Mr. Pantu Kumar Dhua, DG(Civil), Mr. Saumen Maulik, Chief GoWB, Dr. Sudarshan Ghosh Dastidar, Minister-in-Charge, Manager, Car Parking Department, Mr. Debatosh Dasgupta, Department of Environment, Government of West Bengal, Controller of Municipal Finance and Accounts, Mr. Subhasish Mr. Iqbal Ahmed, Hon’ble Deputy Mayor-KMC, Ms. Mala Bakshi (W.B.A & A.S), Chief Municipal Auditor, Mr. Debashis Roy, Hon’ble Chairman and Speaker of the House, KMC, Kar, DG, Institute of Urban Management, Mr. Shankarlal Muk- Mr. Satchidananda Banerjee, Hon’ble Ex-Chairman and Speak- herjee, Deputy Secretary, KMC, Mr. Nabarun Sarkar, Executive er of the House, KMC, Mr. Debashis Kumar, MMIC-Parks and Engineer, KMC, Members of the Megacity Association, Admin- Mr. Swapan Samaddar, MMIC - Bustee and Environment, KMC, istrative Training Institute (ATI), New Kolkata Development for lending their immense support and cooperation to interven- Authority (NKDA), Institute of Town Planners of India (ITPI), tions under this programme. All India Institute of Health and Public Hygiene (AIIH&PH), Institute of Public Health Engineers, Kolkata, Indian Medical The project team wishes to thank Mr. Gopal Krishna (IAS), Ad- Association, Prof. Sujay Basu, Prof. Sugata Hazra, the School of ditional Chief Secretary and Principal Secretary, Department of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Indian Institute of Power and Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Mr. Debashis Sen Technology, Kharagpur, Indian Institute of Technology, Bom- (IAS), Principal Secretary, Department of Urban Development, bay, CDE Asia, Sampurn, Mr. Digbijoy Bhowmik, Team Leader, GoWB, Mr. B P Gopalika (IAS), Principal Secretary, Department Technical Assistance Support Unit to Kolkata Urban Services for of Municipal Affairs, GoWB, Mr. Alapan Bandhopadhyay (IAS), the Poor (KUSP), Ms. Reema Banerjee, Program Director, CEE, Principal Secretary (Transport), GoWB, Mr. Malay De (IAS), Mr. Dipayan De, Chair, SAFE-INCH, Ms. Ananya Bhattacharya, Home Secretary and former Principal Secretary (Health), GoWB, BANGLANATAK.COM, Prof. A K Ghosh, Director, Society for Mr. Chandan Sinha (IAS), Principal Secretary, Department of Environment and Development (ENDEV), Mr. Ajoy John and Environment, Mr. Khalil Ahmed (IAS), Municipal Commis- Mr. Kunal Deb, OWLSPIRIT, and members of the print and elec- sioner, KMC, Mr. Narayan Swarup Nigam (IAS), Chairman and tronic media, for their valuable inputs and cooperation. Managing Director, West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Ltd (WBSEDCL), Mr. Surendra Gupta (IAS), Chief We remain grateful to Mr. Scott Furssedonn-Wood, British Dep- Executive Officer Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authori- uty High Commissioner, Kolkata, Ms. Sandy Sheard, Head, En- ty (KMDA), Dr. Debal Ray (IFS), Chief Conservator of Forests, ergy, Climate and Growth Unit, British High Commission-DFID Headquarters, GoWB, and Md. Ghulam Ali Ansari (IAS), Project India and Mr. Frances Hooper, First Secretary, Energy, Climate Director, Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Pro- and Growth Unit, British High Commission-DFID India, for gramme (KEIIP) for their invaluable support to the programme. their guidance to the programme. We wish to thank Dr. Kalyan Rudra, Chairman, West Bengal We strongly believe their coordinated efforts and cooperation Pollution Control Board (WBPCB), Mr. R N Sen, Chairman, hold the promise of ensuring sustainability and replicability of West Bengal Electricity Regulatory Commission (WBERC), the efforts made beyond this project duration. Mr. Jose Mathew, Former Chief Environment Officer, Depart- ment of Environment, GoWB, Dr. A. N. Biswas, Joint Secretary, Team Department of Power and Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Mr. Simon Petrie, Policy Lead, First Secretary–Low Carbon Mr. Ranjan Chattopadhyay, Addl. Director (Planning), KMDA, Growth – ECGU, British High Commission – DFID INDIA Dr. Dipanjana Maulik, Senior Scientific Officer, Department of Ms. Haimanti Poddar, Programme Lead and Senior Regional Environment, GoWB, Mr. Kalyan Roy, Director, CREDAI-Ben- Adviser-ECGU, British Deputy High Commission, Kolkata gal, Mr. Shyamal Kr. Adhikari, Chief Engineer, WBPCB, Mr. Rupayan Dutta, Programme Manager, ICF International Mr. Harihar Prasad Mandal (WBCS-Exe), Municipal Secre- Prof. Joyashree Roy, Independent Reviewer and Professor of tary, KMC, Mr. Anindyo Karforma, DG (Buildings), KMC, Economics, Jadavpur University and Member of Inter-Govern- Dr. Snehanshu Chowdhury, Chief Medical Health Officer, KMC, mental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Implementation Partners: I C L E I Local Governments for Sustainability FOREWORD During the visit of the UK Prime Minister, The Rt Hon David Cameron MP to Kolkata on 14 November 2013, the UK Government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Kolkata Municipal Corporation on low carbon and climate resilient Kolkata. Through this first- of-its-kind multi-sectoral programme in India, KMC aspires to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, respond to the impacts of a changing climate, and generate new sustainable economic opportunities while contributing towards green growth of the city. UKAid is providing technical assistance of up to £ 1 million to implement this unique initiative. The MoU covers the following three broad areas: i. Preparation of a Roadmap for low carbon and climate resilient development of Kolkata ii. Strategies to strengthen institutional capacity of KMC to implement the Roadmap and improve overall governance in response to the challenges and opportunities of climate change iii. Sensitisation programme for key stakeholders within KMC (Hon’ble Members of the Mayor-in- Council and Councillors) on green growth of the city We urge you all to join hands in our endeavour to turn this great city into a greener one. Sovan Chatterjee Scott Furssedonn-Wood Mayor, Kolkata Municipal Corporation British Deputy High Commissioner, Kolkata Contents Part A: Background to the Roadmap 11 Section A1: Prelude 12 Section A2: Climate Change and Kolkata 12 Introduction to Climate Change 12 Introduction to Kolkata 15 Kolkata – Climate Change: Key Factors 18 KMC’s Challenges – A Summary 22 Section A3: MoU and the Work Programme 23 The Memorandum of Understanding 23 The Work Programme 23 The Roadmap 24 Part B: Strategic Components 29 Section B1: Climate-induced Multi-Disaster Management Plan 30 The Task 30 Key Findings 30 Vulnerability Assessment 33 Recommendations and Implementation Action Points 35 Key Messages and Key Projects 37 Section B2: Preparation of a Strategy and Action Plan to address Climate-induced Public Health Hazards 37 The Task 38 Current Situation in Kolkata 38 Key Findings 38 Recommendations 39 Implementation of the Roadmap 40 Key Messages 41 Section B3: Energy Efficiency – Preparation of an Energy Policy and Action Plan for the KMC 41 The Task 42 Current Situation in Kolkata 42 Recommendations and Implementation of the Roadmap 43 Proposed Implementation Approach 44 Key Messages 46 Section B4: Policy Guidelines for Grid-connected Rooftop Solar Panels 46 The Task 46 Key Findings 47 Metering Options 47 Recommendations 48 Implementation of the Roadmap 50 Key Messages 51 Section B5: Strategy for Climate-smart City Mobility 51 The Task 51 Current Situation in Kolkata 52 Key Findings 52 Recommendations 53 Implementation of the Roadmap 53 Key Messages 55 Section B6: Policy for Climate-smart Built Environment 55 Key Findings 57 Recommendations 57 Implementation of the Roadmap 58 Key Messages 59 Section B7: Preparation of a Climate-smart Solid Waste Management Strategy 59 The Task 59 Current Situation 59 Key Findings 60 Recommendations 60 Implementation of the Roadmap 62 Key Messages 64 Section B8: Climate-smart Land Use Strategies 64 The Task 65 Key Findings 65 Recommendations 66 Implementation of the Roadmap 70 Conclusion and Key Messages 70 Part C: Creating a Green Economy 73 Section C1: City Business Plan 74 The Task 74 Current Situation in Kolkata 75 Key Findings 75 Recommendations and Implementation of the Roadmap 76 Key Messages 77 Section C1A: Livelihood Training 77 The Task – Community Capacity Building for Alternative Livelihood and Climate Adaptation 77 Training on Green Livelihood Options 78 Planning for an eco-responsive neighbourhood 78 Quick Wins 78 Key Messages 79 Section C2: City Investment Plan 79 The Task 79 Interventions Proposed for Achieving Low Carbon and Climate Resilient Development in Kolkata 79 Financing a Green Economy in Kolkata 79 Investment in Training and Capacity Building 82 Investment in Consultancy Services 82 Capital Investment 82 Proposed Interventions and Cost Estimates 82 Key Messages 86 Part D: Spreading the Message 89 Section D1: Ward Action Plans 90 The Task 90 Selection of Wards 90 Community Mobilisation Strategy 91 Implementation of the Ward Action Plans 92 Livelihood Training - Green Options 94 Key Messages 94 Section D2: Sensitisation Programme for Councillors and Members of the Mayor-in-Council 95 The Task 95 Key Findings 96 Recommendations 96 Implementation of the