The German Archaeological Institute at Athens and the German School of Athens
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Katja Sporn | Alexandra Kankeleit (Hrsg.) DIE ABTEILUNG ATHEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS UND DIE AKTIVITÄTEN DEUTSCHER ARCHÄOLOGEN IN GRIECHENLAND 1874–1933 Beiträge zur Geschichte der Archäologie und der Altertumswissenschaften 2 DEUTSCHES ARCHÄOLOGISCHES INSTITUT BEITRÄGE ZUR GESCHICHTE DER ARCHÄOLOGIE UND DER ALTERTUMSWISSENSCHAFTEN 2 DEUTSCHES ARCHÄOLOGISCHES INSTITUT Katja Sporn | Alexandra Kankeleit (Hrsg.) DIE ABTEILUNG ATHEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS UND DIE AKTIVITÄTEN DEUTSCHER ARCHÄOLOGEN IN GRIECHENLAND 1874–1933 Tagung DAI Cluster 5 in Athen Deutsches Archäologisches Institut und Benaki Museum, 12. bis 13. Dezember 2016 VI, 300 Seiten mit 165 Abbildungen Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. Projektmanagement und Hauptredaktion: Alexandra Kankeleit und Katja Sporn, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Athen Redaktionelle Bearbeitung: Venetia Kessari und Wanda Löwe Lektorat: Doniert Evely, Dorothee Fillies, Venetia Kessari, Patricia Kögler, Kalliopi Kopanitsa, Paul Larsen und Jennifer Wilde Übersetzung: Neil Bristow, Katerina Charatzopoulou, Wolfgang Schürmann, Natassa Siouzouli und Jennifer Wilde Umschlagfoto: Wilhelm Dörpfeld und Gruppe während einer Peloponnesreise im April 1891 in der Phidiaswerk- statt von Olympia (D-DAI-ATH-Olympia-0120; Fotograf unbekannt) Buchgestaltung und Coverkonzeption: hawemannundmosch, Berlin Prepress: Ruth Schleithoff, Punkt.Satz, Zimmer und Partner, Berlin © 2019 Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Harrassowitz Verlag • www.harrassowitz-verlag.de ISBN 978-3-447-11359-5 Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und alterungsbeständigem Papier Printed in Germany Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts und des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt auch für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Speicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Inhalt Einführung Katja Sporn und Alexandra Kankeleit ...................................................................................................... 1 The Early Years of the German Archaeological Institute at Athens Elena Korka ..................................... 7 Die Aktivitäten des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Athen bis 1933: Die rechtlichen Aspekte Ira Kaliampetsos ........................................................................................................... 15 Die Anfänge der Athener Institutsbibliothek – Bestandsaufbau bis 1900 Karin Weiß ......................... 25 Travel Notes in the Personal Papers Archive of the DAI Athens. Habbo Gerhard Lolling (1848‒1894) and Adolf Hermann Struck (1877‒1911) Anne Fohgrub ......................................................... 37 Travel and Research: Journeys and Travel Grant Recipients at the DAI Athens Katja Sporn ............... 49 Die Vorentwürfe von Heinrich Johannes aus den Jahren 1931−1934 für einen Neubau des DAI Athen an der Rigillis-Straße Nils Hellner ............................................................................................. 67 The Excavation of Ancient Olympia in the 19th Century: Notes from the Historical Archive of the Hellenic Archaeological Service Konstantinos Nikolentzos ................................................... 91 «… τὸ ἀποκλειστικὸν δικαίωμα τοῦ λαμβάνειν ἐκμαγεῖα καὶ ἀποτυπώματα …». Πολιτικές και επιστημονικές όψεις του άρθρου 7 της ελληνογερμανικής σύμβασης περί των ανασκαφών στην Ολυμπία Ελένη Πιπέλια ..................................................................................... 119 Οι ανασκαφές του Γερμανικού Αρχαιολογικού Ινστιτούτου στην Αττική. Αναδίφηση στη διοικητική αλληλογραφία της εποχής (19ος–20ός αι.) Αθηνά Χατζηδημητρίου ............................. 135 Οι ανασκαφές του Γερμανικού Αρχαιολογικού Ινστιτούτου στα Ιόνια Νησιά. Ντοκουμέντα από το Ιστορικό Αρχείο Αρχαιοτήτων και Αναστηλώσεων Σταυρούλα Μασουρίδη ................................ 153 «Ἡ ἐπὶ τῆς συντηρήσεως τοῦ Παρθενῶνος Ἐπιτροπή …». Η συμβολή των Γερμανών αρχιτεκτόνων στο αναστηλωτικό πρόγραμμα του Παρθενώνα (1894–1902) Αρχοντούλα Παπουλάκου ........................................................................................................................................... 179 Deutsche Archäologen und das frühe Interesse an Sparta: Furtwängler, Fiechter, Buschor, ihre Vorgänger und die Ausgrabungen im Amyklaion Stavros Vlizos ........................................................... 205 Το χαμένο κύπελλο του Σπύρου Λούη Γιώργος Γ. Καββαδίας . 219 Μνημεία, Μουσεία και Μνήμη. Η συμβολή του Γερμανικού Αρχαιολογικού Ινστιτούτου στη διαμόρφωση της μόνιμης έκθεσης του Mουσείου της Κέρκυρας στον Μεσοπόλεμο Σοφία Φραγκουλοπούλου ........................................................................................................................................... 231 Inhalt On the Trail of the «German Model»: the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and the German Archaeological Institute (DAI), 1881−1918 Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan ........................... 253 Το Γερμανικό Αρχαιολογικό Ινστιτούτο μέσα από τον ελληνικό Τύπο και τα γερμανικά αρχεία. Μια προσπάθεια χαρτογράφησης Μαρία Δημητριάδου ................................................................ 269 The German Archaeological Institute at Athens and the German School of Athens, 1896–1932 Alexandra Kankeleit ............................................................................................................................. 279 VI The German Archaeological Institute at Athens and the German School of Athens, 1896–1932* Alexandra Kankeleit Background to the Founding of Rome, Athens and Cairo also occupied a prominent po- sition4. the German School of Athens In 1874 the Athenian branch of the German Archaeo- logical Institute (DAI) was founded5. The DAI premises, Europe at the end of the 19th century was characterised which still exist today, were built in 1888 by Heinrich by a growing rivalry between its Great Powers. Econom- Schliemann to plans by Wilhelm Dörpfeld and Ernst ically, politically, militarily, but also culturally, there Ziller (fig. 1)6. was competition for supremacy on the continent. The DAI premises initially consisted of a square- France was first to recognise the political and eco- shaped core. The large library room and so-called Tri- nomic value of cultural propaganda abroad. The Ger- koupis Hall with its roof terrace were not added until the man Reich, founded in 1871, followed at breakneck first decade of the 20th century. The official flag of the speed. In the field of German foreign cultural policy, Foreign Office stood atop the institute: until 1918 black- both imperial research institutes as well as schools – in- white-red with the eagle emblem in the circular centre cluding the ones in Greece – played a central role1. (fig. 1). During the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) this Prior to the First World War, over 400 German was replaced by black-red-gold7. schools arose in countries throughout the world. Be- The German School of Athens (DSA) was founded by tween 1919 and 1933 this number continued to increase, Wilhelm Dörpfeld in the winter of 1896/1897 (fig. 2)8. At with some estimates of the number of newly founded the close of the 19th century the time was ripe for such an schools rising to over 1,000. Economic and political in- undertaking. German schools had already existed in terests meant that this cultural expansion was concen- Constantinople (since 1868) and Thessaloniki (since trated in China, Latin America, the Balkans and Asia2. 1886) and the representatives of the so-called German Alongside this development, since the 19th century colony in Athens did not want to be left behind. A deci- research institutes were set up abroad, the initial focus sive factor was that Greece had gained in importance being mainly Italy3. The archaeological institutes in both geo-politically and economically, and an increas- * This essay was written within the context of the project «Reap- Kloosterhuis 1994, 186–219; Waibel 2012, 13 f. – The term ‹school›, praising the History of the DAI Athens». I am very grateful to the however, is not clearly defined. In the relevant literature, institu- Director of the DAI Athens, Katja Sporn, for her constructive crit- tions with just one class and one or two teachers are sometimes icism as well as assistance and numerous tips. – The relationship referred to as ‹schools›. For this reason there is almost no truly and intensive exchange between the DAI Athens and the German reliable data. School of Athens during the Nazi era should be researched more 3 Esch 1997, 165: «The great German academic projects […] must extensively in the future. Material on this era can be found, in par- have […] seemed to Italians like huge harvesters working their way ticular, in the Political Archive of the Foreign Office (PA AA), in through entire fields of tradition and then churning out this tilled the archives of the German School of Athens (DSA), in the Evan- tradition in well-sorted, tightly-packed bundles.» gelical Church of Athens and in the DAI Athens. For their active 4 Concerning