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Mozart Divertimento K 563 & Horn Quintet K 407

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Mozart Divertimento K 563 & Horn Quintet K 407 mozart divertimento k 563 & horn quintet k 407 paladino music kreisler trio wien wolfgang vladar julia purgina wolfgang amadeus mozart divertimento (string trio) in e flat major, k 563 quintet for horn and strings in e flat major, k 407 3 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) Divertimento for violin, viola and Quintet for horn, violin, two violas and violoncello in E Flat Major, K 563 violoncello in E Flat Major, K 407 01 Allegro 09:07 07 Allegro 06:37 02 Adagio 10:08 08 Andante 05:41 03 Menuetto. Allegro – Trio 05:16 09 Allegro 04:13 04 Andante 07:20 05 Menuetto. Allegretto – Trio I – Trio II 04:50 06 Allegro 06:37 TT 59:55 Bojidara Kouzmanova, violin Wolfgang Vladar, horn Axel Kircher, viola Bojidara Kouzmanova, violin Luis Zorita, cello Axel Kircher, viola Julia Purgina, viola Luis Zorita, cello 5 6 7 In 1790 in Vienna, the description “Divertimento” was In the center of the six-movement composition is a theme extensive development and a long coda, whose theme, understood to describe light, popular music written for and variations movement, (IV. Andante), which begins related to the famous song Das Veilchen (The Violet), private house concerts. These pieces for small groups of unassumingly as a two-voice processional dance with appears multiple times in Mozart’s late works (e.g. in instruments were usually easily executed and short in touching simplicity. The movement evolves gradually the String Quartet in D major, K 575 and Piano Concerto length. to reveal itself, as a result of artistically intertwined in B Flat major, K 595). These two movements form the variations, as a composition of highest complexity. Dance, cornerstones of this masterpiece. Compositionally, they At Mozart’s time, there were only a handful of short com- double variation, dialogue-concertante performance, are created with utmost ease, transparency and yet are in positions for string trio as we know it today (violin, viola late-Baroque counterpoint and choral fantasy are dealt reality highly complex. These finely-crafted compositions, and violoncello) – two works with three movements: with in an extraordinary manner. This movement embod- that throughout the course of music history, only Mozart one by Haydn, one by Dittersdorf, as well as a few short ies, as a musical distillate, Mozart’s preoccupation with has ever been capable of. pieces by Albrechtsberger and Pleyel. Why is a work of the counterpoint of Bach and Handel, the chamber music this seemingly insignificant genre considered one of art of Haydn, as well as with the Italian operatic tradition: Mozart’s important soloistic and chamber music works Mozart’s most important chamber music compositions? the result is a synthesis, which, in the development of for wind players were created for specific musicians, often Mozart’s mature style, is of utmost importance. within his circle of friends. The three-movement Quintet As it is the case with other instrumental genres for which for Horn and Strings in E Flat major, K 407 (1782) was When I ride the tram from my apartment to Vienna’s city Mozart can be credited as (co)creator (e.g. the string The Andante is framed by two minuet movements of written for Mozart’s friend, hornist Johann Leutgeb, for center, I pass by Währinger Straße 26 in the 9th district. quintet, piano quintet and piano quartet, clarinet quintet highly diverse characters, again both created with utmost whom he also wrote four horn concerti. Leutgeb also Not far from there, approximately 100 years ago, was and horn quintet), there are no prototypes of string trios artistry. The first is a classical minuet with a scherzo undoubtedly performed Mozart’s Serenade for Winds in the private practice of Dr. Sigmund Freud in Berggasse. from other composers which can compare to Mozart’s character, whose syncopated deliberate confusion of C Minor, K 388/384a (“Nacht Musique”), an important A few steps in the other direction is the spot where the colossal Divertimento, K 563. The lengthy performance rhythmical variety anticipates Beethoven’s scherzo work which Mozart later rewrote as the String Quintet building of Beethoven’s last apartment once stood, and a time of approximately 50 minutes is for Mozart, as well movements. The second is a brief minuet with two in C minor, K 406. In this way, the Horn Quintet, K 407 few hundred meters away you will find the house where as for his contemporaries in the chamber music genre, trios – a Ländler and an early Waltz – which, through with its bright yet gentle key of E Fflat major could be Franz Schubert was born – from today’s perspective, this unprecedented. Not until 30 years later, with the middle many repeats and a coda, develops into an extensive called the friendly sister-work to the dark, Baroque (and is clearly an area steeped in history. and late quartets of Beethoven and the two late works movement. Preceding this inner three-movement group also somewhat romantic) “Nacht Musique” serenade. of Franz Schubert (String Quartet in G major, D 887 and is a magnificent Adagio in A-Flat major; a movement of Mozart implements an unusual instrumentation in the Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart didn’t know any of this when String Quintet C Major, D 956) were such lengths seen – visionary force and extreme tranquillity, which travels Horn Quintet, K 407 (three middle-voice instruments and he, some 230 years ago, rented a spacious garden apart- and after that rarely (if ever) surpassed in the standard through remote keys. only one violin), creating an especially delightful musical ment for his family on the site which is now Währinger chamber music repertoire. language of lyrical beauty. The work achieves a masterful Straße 26. In those days, the location was outside of The narrative framework of the six-movement work balance between entertaining ease, serious chamber the city center and certainly idyllic and pastoral. Mozart Through his reduced compositional style, expansion at includes two comprehensive sonata movements. The music and concertante virtuosity which was unheard of wrote many of his most beautiful and important works the time-layer and difficulty of its execution, Mozart first, (I. Allegro), with its long stretches of economically at Mozart’s time. in this apartment, including large parts of his opera Cosi created a new relationship of parameters, achieving an harmonised monophony and fragile counterpoint, has fan tutte, his last two symphonies (in G Minor, K 550, and intensity of musical tension that is unparalleled, even a style which challenges all three instruments equally in C Major, K 551) as well as the Divertimento for Violin, within his entire body of work, elevating the Divertimento in a soloistic manner. The work is completed by an Viola and Violoncello in E-Flat Major, K 563. to the status of a central masterpiece in music history. expansive Rondo in sonata form, which includes an 8 9 Unter der Bezeichnung „Divertimento“ verstand man der unauffällig als zweistimmiger Schreittanz von ausführlichem Durchführungsteil und großer Coda, des- in Wien um 1790 Unterhaltungsmusik für den privaten berührender Einfachheit anhebt und sich erst allmählich sen Thematik mit dem berühmten Lied Das Veilchen ver- Hausmusik-Gebrauch – meist leicht zu realisierende, als Folge von kunstvoll ineinander verschränken wandt ist und in Mozarts Spätwerk mehrfach aufscheint kurze Stücke für kleine Besetzungen. Für Streichtrio in Variationen von höchster Komplexität zu erkennen (u.a. im Quartett KV 575 und im Klavierkonzert KV 595) der heute klassischen Besetzung Violine, Viola und Vio- gibt. Abgehandelt werden die Themenbereiche Tanz – Diese zwei Sätze bilden die Eckpfeiler des Großwerkes. loncello existierten zu Mozarts Zeit gerade eine Handvoll Doppelvariation – dialogisch-konzertantes Musizieren – Kompositorisch sind sie von äußerster Leichtigkeit, Trans- von kleinen Kompositionen – dreisätzige Werkchen, spätbarocke Kontrapunktik und Choralfantasie – alles parenz und Komplexität – in einem Maße fein gearbeitet, eines von Joseph Haydn, eines von Dittersdorf, etwas von das in unvergleichlicher Weise. Dieser Satz verkörpert als wie es in der Musikgeschichte bisher nur Mozart möglich Albrechtsberger und Pleyel. Warum soll also ein Werk musikalisches Destillat Mozarts Beschäftigung sowohl gewesen ist. einer so unbedeutenden Gattung zu Mozarts wichtigsten mit der Kontrapunktik von Bach und Händel, mit der kammermusikalischen Kompositionen zählen? kammermusikalischen Kunst Joseph Haydns, als auch mit Mozart hat seine wichtigen solistischen und kammermu- der italienischen Operntradition; eine Synthese, die in der sikalischen Werke für Solobläser immer ganz bestimmten Wie bei anderen Besetzungs-Kombinationen als deren Entwicklung von Mozarts reifem Stil von entscheidender Musikern – meist aus seinem Freundeskreis – auf den (Mit-)Erfinder W. A. Mozart bezeichnet werden muss Bedeutung ist. Leib geschrieben. Das in Es-Dur komponierte dreisätzige Wenn ich von meiner Wohnung mit der Straßenbahn (darunter die Gattungen Streichquintett, Klarinetten- Quintett für Horn und Streicher KV 407 aus dem Jahr 1782 in die Wiener Innenstadt fahre, komme ich am Haus quintett und Klavierquartett) gibt es für das riesenhaft Umrahmt wird das Andante von zwei Menuett-Sätzen entstand neben vier Hornkonzerten für den befreundeten Währinger Straße Nr. 26 im IX. Wiener Gemeindebezirk angelegte Divertimento KV 563 keinerlei vergleichbare unterschiedlichsten Charakters und von ebenfalls höchs- Hornisten Johann Leutgeb. Sicherlich hat Leutgeb auch vorbei. Unweit davon, in der Berggasse, war vor etwa Vorbilder anderer Komponisten. Die zeitliche Ausdeh- ter Kunstfertigkeit. Das erste ein klassisches Menuett mit an Aufführungen von Mozarts großer Bläserserenade in hundert Jahren die Ordination von Dr. Sigmund Freud. nung von ca. 50 Minuten Spieldauer ist sowohl für Scherzo-Charakter, dessen synkopisches Verwirrspiel die c-Moll („Nacht-Musique“) mitgewirkt – ein bedeutendes Einige Schritte in die andere Richtung stand Ludwig van Mozart als auch für seine Zeitgenossen im Bereich der rhythmische Vielfalt von Beethovens Scherzo-Sätzen Werk, das Mozart später zu seinem Streichquintett Beethoven letztes Wohnhaus, und ein paar hundert Meter Kammermusik beispiellos und wird erst 30 Jahre später vorwegnimmt.
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