J. Kirschner & L. Drabkova

International Organization of Plant Biosystematists

Newsletter No. 33

Edited by J. Kirschner & L. Drabkova c. A. Stace

Issued from Department of Taxonomy Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences Pruhonice, Czech Republic

ISSN 0254-8844 Pruhonice 2001 1Ilustrations: Wagner, H. (1871): Ill ustrierte Deutsche Flora Prim lila elalior (L.) Hill Ti'agop ogon pratensis L. Herac/eulI/ sphondylilIIn L.

Tadeas Haj ek z Haj ku (1 562): Matthioli, Herbar jinak bylinar velmi uzitec ny Anemone .Iylvestris L. Pulsatilla Illtea L.

Saxiji'aga oppositijolia L.

Cover illustration: JIII1CUS conglomeratus L.

Printed by: Klassic s.r.o.

2 Program of tbe IOPBs Symposium in Albuquerque 3

3 Profiles 4-16

Elena Conti's research group: Plant Molecular Systematics lab at the Institute for Systematic Botany and Botanical Garden, University of ZUrich, Switzerland

J. Chris Pires: Biosystematics and molecular phylogenetics. New approaches to genome evolution in polyploids

Ivana Stehlik: Molecular phylogeography of the European Alps at the University of ZUrich, Switzerland

Modal Venkateswarlu: Genome analysis in mulberry (Morus spp.): DNA profiling of germplas01 using molecular markers and development of mapping populations at the Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute (CSRandTI), Srirampura, Mysore, India

Tetsukazu Yahara: Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Kyushu University, Japan

4 Research Note 17-21

Matthias H. Hoffmann and Heike Schmuths: Arabidopsis Ihaliana as a tool for biosystematics: studies in molecular phylogeography

5 lOPS Clu'omosome Data 17 22-26

6 Individual Research N~ws 27

7 Changed addresses 28

8 Ballot for Executives and Council of JOPB (International Organization of Plant Biosystematists) for the 3-year period 2001- 2004 29-31

Forms

IOPJ3 Membership Application Form 33 Research News FOllll 35 1 A note from the president

Three years have passed since the 1998 on the 10PB council. At the business symposium in Amsterdam, and we are meeting in Albuquerque, council and looking forward to the 200 I Symposi um executive [or the period from 200 I to 2004 which will be held in Albuquerque, New will be nominated. Together with th e Mexico, USA, in conjunction with the approval of the 2004 meeting site, we shall annual meetings of the Botanical Society of nominate the president elect and the America (BSA), American Bryologieal nnd executive. A ballot for the council is Lichenological Society (ABLS), American included. Please send your vote (check ten Fern Society (MS), and American Society of the twelve candidates) to me as soon as of Plant Taxonomists (ASPT) at Botany possible. I want to thank the four new 200 I, August 12-16, 2001, Albuquerque candidates for council positions, who have Convention Center. You can reach been nominated and agreed to be candidates. information on the Botany 200 I meetings Two member's of the council, L.iv Borgen via our web page. We are very grateful to and Shoichi Kawano, are not standing tor Scott D. Russell for designing and election again. We shall acknowledge their maintaining this very attractive web page of contributions to 10PB at the meeting. Both 10PB at http://www.iopb.org!.This page Liv Borgen and Shoichi Kawano have gets a surprisingly large number of hits, and worked hard for 10PB. r had to miss the is a very valuable new way to make us legendary 198910PB symposium organized known world-wide. If you have not done so by Shoichi Kawano in Kyoto but was lucky already, do have a look at it. Of course, our enough to be a guest of Dr. Kawano's at a web page offers a chance to post later date. r understand why the symposium, iofonnation in addition to that published in both the scientil1c and the social parts, were the Newsletter. If you have some item of fondly remembered by the participants for interest to the membership or rOPB, send it years afterwards. I attended the 1995 10PB on to me and r shall sec that it gets published symposium organized by Bengt 10nsell and or posted. Liv Borgen in Tl'Omso, Norway, a completely different setting from Kyoto, but As usual, in addition to the Chromosome with just a~ many fond memories of Data, the newsletter features ongoing interesting science, a lovely setting with a projects [rom several labs in the "Profiles" remarkable flora, and long, light nordic section. This section and the "Research slimmer nights. In Tr0111so, Bengt 10nsel'l Notes" describe work in progress, ideas that and Liv Borgen took over for tiU'ee ye8l's as are being pursued, and methods that are editors of the Newsletter tj'om Krystyna applied. 11' is supposed to be an international Urbanska who set the standards by which ('orum I()r the exchange of information of every president and newsletter edi,tor of interest to plant biosystemutists. This time, a IOPB will I'orever be measured. That they wide range of topics is covcrcd by continued the tradition in style must be contributions from 5 countries in 3 counted as a major accomplishment. Both continents. We should aim at contributions Liv Borgen and Shoichi Kawano made fr0111 all six continents in eaeh Newsletter. 10PB history, and we hope they will continue their active association with rOPB . Two of the profiles introduce the work of two of the four new candidates le)r positions Konrad Bachmann

2 2 Program for the symposium in Albuquerque, which forms part of "Botany 200 I"

MONDAY AFTERNOON, 13 AUGUST

1: 30-4:45 PM SESSION

SYMI'OSIUM: IOPB - Origin and biology of desert flora

Organized by : TIMOTHY K. LOWREY, Depa11ment of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131. Tele: (505)277-2604 E-mail: [email protected]

Presiding: TIMOTHY K. LOWREY, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

1:30 CROZIER, BONNlE* aod ROBERT K. JANSEN. University of Texas, Austin. Historical relationships in the American desert plant family Cactaceae.

2:00 LEWIS, LOUISE A. University 0/ Connecticut, Storrs. Green algae of desert microbiotic crusts: Survey of North American taxa.

2:30 LANDRUM, VIC. Washburn Un iversity, Topeka, KS. Four families and 40 million years of evolution and adaptation to xeric environments.

3:00 BREAK

3:15 MULDAVIN, ESTEBAN H. University oINe,,:, Mexico, Albuquerque. Some floristic characteristics of the northern Chihuahuan Desert: a search for its n0l1hern boundary.

3:45 VERBOOM, G. ANTHONY*, WiLLIAM D. STOCK, and H. PETER LINDER. University 0/ Cape 1bwn, Rondebosch, South Afi-ica. Phylogenetics of the Cape grass genus Ehrharta (Ehrharteae): evidence for diversification in a summer-arid system.

4:15 DISCUSSION.

5:30-7 PM RECEPTION/MlXER: IOPB (Ticketed event)

Presiding: KONRAD BACHMA.NN, Institut Hi"!" Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, IPK Gaterslehen, 0-06466 Gatcrsleben, Germany Phone: +49-394R2-5465, E-Mail: [email protected]

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, 15 AUGUST

4:30-5:45 PM BUSINESS MEETING: IOPB

Presiding: KONRAD BACHMANN, Gatersleben, Germany. Phone: +49-39482-5465, E-Mail: bachmann@ ipk-gatersleben.de

3 biogeographic considerations? 4) What are 3 the taxonomic implications of the Profiles phylogenetic results? 5) How does floral development of homostylous flowers Plant Molecular Systematics lab at the compare with floral development of Institute for Systematic Botany and heterosty lous flowers? Botanical Garden, University of Ziirich, These questions represent the starting point Switzerland: for a long-term project aimed at elucidating the phylogeny and evolution of breeding Elena Conti's research grouJl systems in the entire genus Primula. By enabling us to shed light on the order of As a newly appointed professor at the character a~sembly pertaining to the University of ZUrich (starting date: March morphological and physiological components I, 2000), I would like to share with th e of distyly, a detailed phylogeny of the genus 101'8 cOIllmunity the main rescarch projects Prill1u/a will ultimately allow us to that [ am already actively engaged in (sec discriminate between competing models for points I, 2, and 3 below) or that I am the evolution of this reproductive syndrome. planning to continue in my lab (see point 4 This research will also provide the necessary below): phylogenetic framework for undertaking future microevolutionary studies on 1) PHYLOGENY AND distylolls/homostylolls sister species of EVOLUTION OF BREEDING Primu/a and for elucidating the molecular SYSTEMS IN Prill/lila L. evolution of incompatibility genes in Primu/a, thus building on similar studies in Collabo.oators: John Richards (ProL, other groups of flowedng plants. University of Newcastle); Sylvia Kelso Currently, over ISO spccies (30 of 37 (Prof, Colorado College); Austin Mast (Oro, sections) of Primu/a arc represented in our Post-doctoral researcher; University of collection of leaf tissuc, !lowers, seeds, and ZUrich); Sky Feller (project assistant, live plants. We have sequenced the nuclear University of ZUrich); Daniela Lang (Lab ribosomal ITS DNA from over 50 Primula assistant, University of ZUrich). species [see Conti et ai., 2000, 2000 (abstract), and 1999 (abstract)] and the trnL My research on Primu/a strives to integrate and rpl16 introns of the chloroplast DNA a phylogenetic approach with the study of limn 91 Primll/a species [see Mast et aL, evolutionary ecological processes. The 200 I (submitted), and 200 I (abstract)]. starting questions in this research included: Phylogenetic analysis of these regions I) What are the evolutionary relationships has provided an important evolutionary between homostyly and distyly in Primu/a, framework for our study of the and how ruany origins can we infer tor each group's ecological and biogeographical breeding system? 2) What are the diversification. It has also allowed us to evolutionary relationships between breeding reassess the utili ty of characters historically system, ploidy level, and biogeography in deemed to be of taxonomic importancc in sect. A/ellri/io. Specifically, do the the genus, including hetero-/homostyly, phylogenetic trees identify a Eurasian and a chromosome base number, leaf vernation, North American clade, thus lending support and poll en s hape. Currently, we are to proposed hypotheses of repeated sampli ng single-flow-copy nuclear regions biogeographic patterns shaped by recent to provide a compl ementary phy logenetic climate changes (i.e., Pleistocene hypotbesis [or members of tbe genus. Once glaciations)? 3) Do molecular phylogenies th is is completcd, we plan to make broad support the detailed sets or species generic and subgenerie realignments in relationships th~t have been proposed on the Primu/a, Dionysia, Dodeca/hearl, Cor/lisa, basis of morphological, cytological, and and Sredinskya.

4 Key words: Primllla, distyly, homostyly, Kcy words: phylogeny, biogeography, breeding systems, molecular phylogeny, vicariance, character evolution, nuclear nuclear DNA, chloroplast DNA, floral DNA, chloroplast DNA, India. development, character evolution, biogeography, ploidy level, Pleistocene 3) PHYLOGENETIC glaciations. RELATIONSHIPS OF THE RARE ALASKAN PLANT Oxytl'opis 2) PHYLOGENY OF arctica VaJ'. bllmebYllllu CRYPTERONIACEAE and RELATED GONDWANAN Collaborators: Kent Schwaegerle (Prof., FAMILIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR University of Alaska); Jaoe Jorgensen MORPHOLOGY AND (Master's student, University of Alaska) BIOGEOGRAPHY. We examined the systematic relationships of Collaborators: David Ballin (prof, Harvard the rare Alaskan plant, Oxytropis arclica University); Ken Sytsma (Prof., University of val'. barnebyana to other closely related Wisconsin); Juerg Schoenenberger (Dr., Post Beringian species with molecular tools. doctoral researcher, University of ZUrich); Both nuclear sequences and population Daniela Lang (Lab assistant, University of level random markers were employed to ZUrich). resolve phylogenetic relationships among these morphologically and taxonomically The Asian family Clypteroniaceae (Sri Lanka confusing taxa. A pilot study was conelucted and south-east Asia) shares with MYltales the by amplifying the nuclear Internal two wood anatomical synapomorphies that Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region and the define the order. However, as the nwnerous External Transcribed Spacer (E'rS) region taxonomic changes of the last 100 years in order to reconstruct phylogenetic suggest, the circumscription and evolutioml.lY relationships among Alaskan pl ants in the affinities of the family are less well defined. O>.ylropis genus. Relationships among 0. The main goals of this research project are to arctica and 0. campes/ris populations were elucidate the circumsctiption and detailed poorly resolved for both nuclear regions. phylogenetic relationships of Ctypteroniaceac Most taxa formed a polytomy indicating and related Gondwanan families by using highly llnresolved phylogenetic relationships. evidence from DNA sequences of the Because of the low phylogenetic signal oflTS chloroplast and nuclear genomes. T he and ETS, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic phylogenetic tTee obtained ti'om analyses of DNA (RAPD) markers were used to ful1her rbeL sequences strongly suppOlted the sister determine congeneric relationships. Results relationship between Ctypleroniaceae and a of this population-level marker also point clade comprising the monotypie south American towards little genetic dilrerentiation among family AI7..ateaeeae plus UU'ee small families these arctic populations, Lack of di stinct endemic to southern Africa (Oliniaceae, morphological characters separating the Penaeaceae, and Rhynchocalycaceae) [see Conti taxa corroboratcs the 1110kculal' results. The et aI., 1999 (abstract)]. Further analyses are conserved ITS and ETS regions, along with Focusing on faster evolving cpDNA regions and little variation in Ri\PD patterns among these nuclear genes [see Schoenenberger and Conti, arctic Oxytropes suggest recent isolation of 200 I (abstract)]. The resulting phylogenies these populations. Results of this research will be used as a framework for re-evaluating contribule to the understanding of the current thl;; evolution of floral development and taxonomy of a rare Alaskan plant. This biogeographic histOly in this clade. T hl;; stuely represents an integration of molecular working hypothesis is that India served as biological and conservation genetic a raft for carrying the stem lineage of approaches to the prohlem of management of Crypteroniaceae to Asia. We intend to expand rare plants in Alaskan plant (see Jorgensen testing the hypothesis of India as Noah's Ark to ct aI., 200 I, in prep.). other plant groups. Key words: rare plants, conservation, variation within and among populations ot's. molecular phylogeny, RAPDs, ITS, ETS, florulen/a and closely related species. (see Alaska. Conti et aI., 1999, and Conti, in prep.)

4) PHYLOGENETIC Key words: rare plants, conservation, RELATIONSHIPS OF THE RARE management, alpine biogeography, Pleistocene PLANT SPECIES Sax:ifl'llga glaciations, semel parity, monocarpy, molecular flaTu/eli/a Moretti (SflxijTlIgacelle) phylogeny.

Collaborators: Douglas Soltis (Prof., FACILITIES: The Plant Molecular . Washington State University) Systematics lab is endowed with cutting edge equipment, for example a Perkin Elmer The rare plant species Saxifraga flomien/a ABl 377 automated Sequencer, 4 PCR Moretti, an arctotertiary relict which earned machines (including a thermal gradient such distinctive names as "Ancient King" apparatus), several gel electrophoresis and "Glory of the Maritime Alps", is apparatuses, a new gel-imaging system, a restricted to a small area (less than 100 km') number of Macintosh and PC computers, the of the Southwestern Alps. Tbe low numbers most up-to-date software for DNA sequence of populations and individuals per and phylogenetic analysis, and a soon-to-be population justified tbe inclusion of this purchased flow cytometer. This outstanding endemic species in tbe IUCN Rcd Data facility is at the service of all research groups book. S. flol'lIlen/a is characterized by in our Institute of Systematic Botany, which 1D0nocarpic (semelparous) reproductive include: I) The biogeography and monocot behaviour, whereby each individual remains evolution group, led by Prof. Peter Linder, ill the vegetative stage for several years, then the new Institute's director; 2) The floral it blooms and dies. The distinctive life development and evolution group, led by history of S. flaTulen/a, coupled with its Prof. Peter Endress; 3) The microevolution occurrence at very high elevations and and fern biosystematics group, led by human encroaclunent resulting from tourism, Professor Jakob Schneller; 4) The plant contributes to the challenge of establishing structure and morphology group, led by Prof. sound conservation plans t'or this species. Rolf Rutishauser; 5) The Algae taxonomy Global warming trends further threaten the and evolution group, led by Prof. Hans Ruedi survival of S. flol'ulen/a, which already -Preisig; 6) The mosses taxonomy and occurs on mountains summits, between 2500 evolution group, led by Dr. Edi Urmi. and 3500 m. The elucidation of phylogenetic Furthermore, researchers in our Institute can relationships of rare species is essential for COUllt on the profeSSional skills of highly tbe establishment of long-term conservation trai-ned gardeners in our outstanoing garden plans. Parsimony and maximulII likelih~od and greenhouse facilities. A herbarium with analyses of the nuclear ribosomal ITS region over 3.5 million specimens and a library with of S. flol'lIlen/a and allied species reveal that the most important books and joW'nals in S. flol'ulen/a belongs to sect. POIphYl'ion, plant sciences complete the remarkable rather than sect. Ligulatae, as proposed by facilities at the service of researchers and previous taxonomic studies. Furthermore, students from all over the world. Check out our analyses suggest that monocarpy the home page of our institute evolved independently three times in the at hl:m:llwww.unizh.ch/bgu7.iPages/Home.htmi European saxifrages, possibly in response to dryer climatic conditions associated with glacial peaks of the Pleistocene glaciations. RECENT PUBLICATIONS: This information provides the essential phylogenetic framework for comparative Conti, E. 200 I. "Plant Molecular Evolu/ion" studies of tlor~1 development and for AFLP Book review in Plant Systematics and based studies aimed at comparing genetic Evolu/ion, 226: 11-113.

G Mast, A.R., E. Conti, A.1. Richards, S. Kelso, Batten, A., E. Conti & D .F. Murray. 1999. D. Lang & D. Sky Feller. 2001. Impli The herbarium of the University of cations of twointron cpDNA phylogeny Alas ka Museum. XVI International of Primula (primulaceae) for the group's Botanical Congress Abstracts, p. 475 . taxonomy aDd evolutionary history. Qiu, Y.L., M. W. Chase, S. B. Hoot, E. Conti, American Journal ofBotany (Abstracts). P. R. Crane, K. J. Sytsma & C. R. Parks. Mast, A.R., S. Kelso, A.J. Richards, D.J. 1998. Phylogcnetics of the Ham Lang, D.M.S. Feller & E. Conti. 200 J. amelidae and their allies: parsimony Phylogenetic relationships in ?rimula L. analyses of nucleotide sequences of the and related genera (primulaceae) based plastid gene rbcL. International Journal on noncoding chloroplast DNA of Plant Sciences 159: 891-905. (submitted to the International Journal Conti, E., S. A. Graham, A. Lilt, P. G. of Plant Science). Wilson, B. G. Briggs, L.A.S. Johnson & Schoenenberger, J. & E. Conti. 200 J. K. J. Sytsma 1997. Interfamilial rela Molecular systematics and Goral tionships in Myrtales: Molecular structure of a western Gondwanan clade phylogeuy and patterns of morpho of Myrtales. American Journal of Botany logical evolution Systematic Botany, (Abstracts). 22(4): 629-647. Conti E., Suring E., Boyd D., Jorgensen J., Conti, E., D. Soltis & R. OOl·nall. 1997. Grant J. & Kelso S. 2000. Phylogenetic Phylogeny of Saxifraga sect. Ligulatae: relationships and character evolution in lmplications for the evolution of life Prilllllia L.: The usefulness of ITS histories. American Journal of Botany sequence data. Plant Biosystems, 134(3): 84(6): 184 (Abstracts). 385-392. Conti, E., A. Litt. & K. J. Sytsma. 1996. Conti, E., S. Kelso & J. Richards. 2000. Circwnscription of Myrtales and their Phylogenetic relationshjps and character relationships to other rosids: Evidence evolution in Primula L.: results from ITS from rbcL sequence data. American sequences. American Journal of Botany Journal ofBotany 83(2): 221-233. (Abstracts). Soltis, D. E., R. K. Kuzoff, E. Conti, R. Conti, E., D. E. Soltis, T. M. Hardig & J. GOI·nall & K. Ferguson. 1996. matK and Schneider. 1999. Phylogenetic relation rbcL gene sequence data indicate that ships of the silver saxifrages (Saxiji·aga, Saxiji·aga is polyphyletic. American sect. Liglilatae Haworth): Implications Journal of Botany 83: 371-382. for the. evolution of substrate specificity, Sytsma, K. J., E. Conti, M. Nepokroeff, J. C. life histories, and biogeography. Mole Pires, Y.L. Qiu & M. W. Chase. 1996. cular Phylogenetics and Evolution 13: Urticales: rbcL sequences clarify pla 536-555. cement in Rosidae, composition, and Karol, K. G., 1. E. Rodman, E. Conti & K. J. familial relationshi,ps. American Journal Sytsma. ,1999. Nucleotide sequence of of Botany 83(6): 197 (Abstracts). rbcL and phylogenetil: relationships of Setchellanthus caeruleus (Setchel In preparation: lanthaceae). Taxon 48: 303-315. Conti, E., D. Bawn & K. Sytsma. 1999. Conti, E., D. Baun1 & K. Sytsma. Phylogeny of Crypteroniaceae and related Phylogenetic relationships and biogeo famjlies: Implications for morphology and graphic origin of Crypteroniaceae. biogeography. XV! International Bota Conti, E., Phylogenetic relationships of the nical Congress Abstracts, p. 250. raJe plant Saxjtl·aga fiorulenta Motrtti. Conti E., E. Suring & S. Kelso. 1999. Jorgensen, JL, K. Schwaegerle & E. Conti. Phylogeny and evolution of breediJ1g Phylogenetic relationships of the Oxy systems in Primula L.: a pilot study. XVI tropis campestris and Oxytropi·s arctica International Botanical Congress complexes in Alaska inferred from Abstracts, p. 430. noncoding nuclear DNA and RAPD data.

7 QUESTIONS?

Feel free to contact me at the following address:

Elena Conti, University of Ziirich , Institute for Systematic Botany, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Ziirich, SWITZERJ,AND Fax: 0041 1 6348403 Ph: 0041 1 6348424 email: ContiElena@l!£cess.unizh.ch

Pulsatilla lutea

8 Biosystematics and molecular phylogcnetics. chloroplast genome (ndhF, IrnL-F, and New approaches to gcnomc cvolution in Ip116) and internal transcribed spacer polyploids. regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA (ITS). I found that the Milla complex was embedded J. Chris Pires in the Bmdiaea complex, and that Polyploidy is a major evolutionary force in morphological characters (e.g., presence of a plants. Because elucidating the causes and perianth tube) that have been used to consequences of polyploid evolution is central circumseribe the genera have evolved to understanding the diversification of many independently at least twice. In addition, plants, the study of polyploidy has recentJy common biogeographical distribution exploded. My primalY research interest in patterns (e.g., Brodiaea and Triteleia having polyploid plants is focused on the integration centers of diversity in northern California of biosystematic and phylogenetic studies. and the Padfi<.: N0I1hwest) appear to be the Integrating biosystematics (the experimental result of separate evolutionalY radiations. I study of biological aspects of organismal have continued doing phylogenetic work at variation, diversity, and diversification) and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in phylogenetics (the study of genealogical collaboration with Mark Chase and others on relationships of organisms) has been a a multiple gene tree of the monocots. promising avenue for evolutionary and ecological investigations because phylogenies Molecular Cytogenetics alld Chromosome provide a meaningful historical context Evolutioll ill Allotetraploid Tragopogoll for biosystematic comparisons. Ilowever, (Asteracelle). Currently, 1 am an NSF-NATO biosystematic data (e.g., chromosome Postdoctoral Fellow studing chromosome number) is often merely mapped onto given evolution at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, phylogenies, which effectively privileges under the diredion of Michael Bennett and phylogenetics over biosystematics. My long lIia Leitch. I am work.ing on Tragopogon in term goal is to provide a more general collaboration with Douglas and Pamela Soltis approach to bridge biosystematics and who are visiting scientists on sabbatical leave phylogenetics by using molecular cytogenetic at Kew. Previous molecular studies indicate techniques and DNA microalTays. that T miniS may have evolved 12 times and t miscellus may have formed 20 times Molecular Pllylogenetics 0/ Themidllcelle within the past 70 years. We are evaluati,ng alld related Iilioid mOllocots. Over the past the two alillpolyploids, T mirus and r few years I studied plant systematics and miscelllls, relative to their three diploid evolutionary biology at the University or progenitors usi.ng molecular cytogenetic and Wisconsin-Madison under the direction of phylogenetic approaches. Fluorescent in situ Ken Sytsma. My PhD thesis dealt with the hybridization (FISH) is being used to identify 12 genera and 61 species of the resurrected several loci on individual chromosomes to plant family Themidaceae. These genera, detect chromosomal evolution. Probes for ~he formerly recognized as tribe Brodiaeae in the 18S-5.8S-26S array, 5S array, and other AJliaceac, have been previously divided into repeats are being evaluated in diploids and two <.:omplexes: the Milia complex centered recurrent polyploids lor number of loci and in Mexico and the the Brodiaea complex activation. Nucleolar dominance is a <.:entered in the western Unites States. common feature in many allopolyploid~, Brodiaea s.1. has been a classic example of presumably only when the units have not evolutionary radiation in floral diversity, homogenized and remain clearly related to h"bitat specialization, and chromosome the diploid progenitors. Thus, the rONA unit number. However, other genera of the structure data predicts that nucleolar Brodiaea complex have been little studied. dom.inance may be a feature of Tragopogon While writing treatments /'or most of these allopolyploids. Also, phylogenetic studies of genera as part of the Flora of North Ameri<.:a nrl)NA show perfect additivity (no inter.!ocus project, I also sequenced three regions of the homogenization) in that aU cloned ITS

9 sequences from Tragopogon polyploids give implications for ITS- based phylogenies, and sequences from the progenitor diploids. confront the problems of incongruent However, Southern hybridization to the phylogenies inherent in polyploid organisms. diploids reveals that all units of the 18S units of an array are similar, yet there are PUBLICATIONS: clearly population difihences amongst the diploids, showing that intra locus gene Givnish TJ., T.M. Evans, J.C. Pires & K.J. conversion (homogenizing the entire array) Sytsma. 1999. Polyphyly and convergent must be occurring. Integrating molecular morphological evolution in cytogenetics and phylogenetics is proving a Commelinales and COl11melinidae. powerful approach in assessing the complex Evidence from rbcL sequence data. histories of these dynamic polyploid Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution genomes. 12(3): 360-385. Chase M.W., DE Soltis, P.S. Soltis, PJ. DNA Microarrays: Structural anti Rudall, M.F. Fay, W.H. Hahn, S. Functi01lal Gel/olllics of Brassica. Over Sullivan, J. Joseph, TJ. Givnish, K.l the next two years I will be working with Sytsma & J .C. Pires. 2000. Higher-level Tom Osborn at the University of Wisconsin systematics of the monocotyledons: an as a postdoctoral researcher and program assessment of current knowledge and a manager on a multi-institutional NSF Plant new classitication. Australian Journal 0/ Genome Grant. The purpose ofthe project is Botany, in press. to assess separate lineages of resynthesized Allen T.F.H., lA. Tainter, J.C. Pires & T.W. polyploids and hybrids of Arabidopsis, Hoekstra. (in press). Dragnet ecology, Brassica, and corn using genetic mapping "Just the facts madam": the privilege of teclmiques and DNA Microarrays. science in a postmodern world. Bioscience. Ultimately, I hope to integrate bio Pires J.C. 2000. Biosystematics and systematics and phylogenetics studies more Molecular Pbylogenetics of Brodiaea thoroughly. (Themidaceae) and Related Lilioid Monocots. Ph. D. dissertation. Molecular cytogenetics in particular is a University of Wisconsin, Madison. promising tool in this integration. Although Pires J.e. (in press) androstephium, cbanges in chromosome num ber have Bloomeria, Brodiaea, Dichelostemma, been mapped onto phylogenies to determine Muilla, Triteleia, and Trileleiopsis. the direction of change, few studies Treatments for the Flora of North have been done to investigate the America (subset for Oregon Vascular kinds of chromosomal change (e.g ., Plant Checklist). translocatiolls) that can serve as isolating Pires J.C, MF. Fay, WS. Davis, J. Rova, mcchanisms in speciation processes. Thus, M.W. Chase, L. I-Iufford & KJ. Sytsma. FISI I-generated chromosomal characters (In Press) Molecular and Morphological may be phylogenetically informative in Phylogenetic Analyses of Themidaceae themselves. (Asparagales). Kew Bulletin.

FISH can be combined with southern Dr. J: CbrisPires hybridization data or comparative genetic (address until August 10, 200 I) mapping data to belp determine the Royal Botanical Gardens number and locations of individual loci . Kcw, Richmond, Surrey SigniticantJy, this enables one to demonstrate j.pircs@,rbgkew.org.uk orthology of low copy nuclear sequences before phylogenetic analyses, understand concerted evolution in rDNA and its

10 Molecular phylogeography of the European Birmensdorf, Switzerland), is to test explicit Alps at the University of Ziirich, phylogeographic hypotheses on plant species Switzerland of the European Alps with distinctly different ecological demands and distribution patterns Ivana Stehlik (Stehlik et al. 2000). Four species are ?cing investigated using molecular technIques There is a long-lasting debate about the fate of CAFLP, PCR-RFLP of cpDNA, Southern the mountain flora of the European AJps during hybridization, RAPDs) for which clear the QuaternalY ice ages. Two opposing views biogeographic hypotheses of glacial survival about glacial survival of alpine plants have were given in the literature. (1) In situ glacial been proposed: the nunalak and the tabula rasa survival 00 oUllataks of the Central Alps in hypotheses. According to the former, species the high-alpine ErilrichiulII nanum survived in situ on small 'i slands in a sea of ice' (Boragioaceac)j (2) Pleistocene extinction (nunataks), whereas the tabula rasa (Latin ~or within the Alps aod postglacial recolonization 'empty table') hypothesis assumes that specIes from southern refugia of the low-alpine had to colonize vacant Alpine regions from Erillus aJpiuus (ScrophuJariaceae), and (3) peripheral refugia after the retreat of the. immigration from eastern refugia or easte.rn glaciers. There was a first flush of pre-alpine nunataks for the snowbed specl~s investigations in this field of alpine Rume.x: lIivalis (Polygonaceaej work III biogeography at the beginning of the 20th progress). (4) Saxifraga opposilifolia century. These works mainly relied on (Saxifragaceae) has been chosen to distribution patterns of alpine plants. Locations investigate whether it is possible to deduce of glacial survival on nunataks, peripheral the biogeographic histol)' of a widespread, refugia and corresponding migration routes common alpine species exhibiting no into the Central Alps were documented as particuJar geographic eharacter~stic (as precisely as possi ble at that time (Stehlik opposed to the former three species) th~t 2000). In combination with molecular would suggest any specific, likely hypothesiS methods, this background offers fascinating 00 its dispel'sal histol")'. options to re-evaluate the questions asked by the pioneers of alpine biogeographical research By investigating 20 populations of the Alpine and to address them with a modern approach. endemic Eritrichium nanum of potential Another reason for the recent popularity of nunatak and peripheral refugial regions with alpine phylogeography is that the Alps offer an AFLPs, considerable genetic di fferences especially suitable stage for investigations of between populations fi'om the Central Alps and evolutionary mechanisms at the species level, popUlations from peripheral refugia were because their geological and climatic history is detected (Stehlik, Schneller, and Bachmann well known and because their spatial 200 J). Hence, the latter probably did not serve dimensions are relatively limited. This interest as a source for the recolonization of the Central in of alpine (and arctic) plants was reflected by Alps after the ice ages. Within the Central Alps, the 1995 sy mposium of the lOPS in Tromst), where glaciation was most intense, three Norway (Borgen and .lonsell 1997), and only genetically distinct regional groups of r-:ceotly again by the "First JoiJ1t Botaoical populations could be distinguished. This result Mountain Phylogeography Meeting", June 1-3, pointed to survival in at least three independent 200 I at the Institute of Systematic Botany of nunatak areas. However, a considerable level of the University of ZUrich in Switzerland recent or historical random gene flow among (Stehlik, Tribsch, and Schonswetter 200 I). the popUlations prevented the identification of The aim of my present research which the exact mountain ranges of in situ survival of conduct in collaboration with J. Jakob Ii. nonum. The investigation of chloroplast Schneller (Systematic Botany, ZUrich), Konrad DNA haplotypes from a larger sample of I3aclunrum and Frank Blattner (Institute of populations covering the entire range of the Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, IPK, species promises to provide additional Gatersleben, Germany), and Rolf I-Iolderegger information (Stehlik et al.. in preparation). (Swiss Federal Research Institute, WSL, II The species chosen to test the tabula rasa REFERENCES: hypothesis, the mainly sub-alpine Erinus a/pinus, is also known from suggested Borgen L. & Jonsell B. (eds.) 1997. Variation nunataks in the northern Prealps, where it and Evolution in Arctic and Alpine might have survived glaciation. Nevertheless, Plants. Proceedings of the VI postglacial re-immigration from southern International Symposium of 10PB refugia is much more likely. PCR-RFLP of its (International Organization of Plant cpDNA revealed no variation in the entire Biosystematists). Opera Botanica 132; sample set, whereas AFLPs suggest a very 239 pp. peculiar pattern of a massive wave of Holderegger R., Stehlik 1. & Abbott R.J. In recolonization from outside the Alps that preparation. Does glacial survival really skirted a northern pre-alpine nunatak region. not matter? Phylogeography ofSaxijraga Interestingly, there is no convincing evidence opposilifolia in the Alps. of gene flow between i.n:unigrant and nunatak Stehlik I. 2000. Nunataks and peripheral derived plants (Stehlik, Schneller, and refugia for alpine plants during Bachrnarul, submitted). Quaternary glaciation in the middle parts of the Alps. Bot. Helv. 110: 25-30. As for the widespread Sa'Cijraga oppositijolia, Stehlik 1., Holderegger R., Schneller J.J., the results based on Southern hybridization of Abbott R.I. & Bachmann K. 2000. cpDNA and RAPD were not decisive. We only Molecular biogeography and population found a very low number of cpDNA genetics of alpine plant species. Bull. haplotypes as compared to E. a/pinus. This Geobot. Inst. ETH 66: 47-59. included two common, widely distributed Stehlik 1., Holderegger R., Blattner F. & ones and two very rare ones. Hence, some Bachmann K. In preparation. In situ support for in situ nunatak survival was found, survival of a high-mountain plant in the as the rare haplotypes occurred in these Alps during Pleistocene glaciation. regions, where in situ survival was detected in Stehlik 1., Schneller J. J. & Bachmann K. E. nanum. On the other hand, no strong 200 I. Resistance or emigration: response grouping of genotypes could be detected in the of the high-alpine plant Erilrichiurn RAPD analysis in contrast to the AFLP results nanllm (L.) Gaudin to the ice age within in E. nanum. Additionally, the result of no the Central Alps. Mol. Ecol. 10: 357-370. isolation by distance principaUy suppOlted Stehlik 1., Schneller J. 1. & Bachmann K. postglacial immigration of S. oppositijo/ia to Submitted. Immigration and in situ the Alps. Therefore, it is a question of glacial survival of the low-alpine Etinus subjectively weighting the results in S. alpinus (Scrophulariaceae). oppositijolia whether in situ glacial survival in Stehlik I., Tribsch A. & Schonswetter P. the Alps is accepted or denied (Ilolderegger, 200 I. First joint botanical mountain Stehlik and Abbott, in preparation). phylogeography meeting. Bauhinia 15: One of the most remarkable results of the 69-90. above studies is the variety of specific biogeographic Ilistoties that have been found Ivana Stehlik in the Alps, a situation apparently quite Institute of Systematic Botany different from that in western North America. University of Zurich Apart from a general feature such as the ZolJi1~crstrassc 107 genetic hot spot area in the Central Alps CH-8008 Ziirich exemplified by E. nOr/lim and S. oppositijo/ia, Switzerland each specics has its own distinct history. The [email protected] differences in genetic structure may be influenced· by various brccding systems, dispersal abilities, ecological amplitudes, or they may he historical accident.

12 Genome analysis in mulberry (Morus Mulberry breeding efforts are underway to sp.): UNA profiling of germplasm using develop varieties having various desirable molecular markers and development of traits like: a) quick sprouting and good mapping popnlations at the Central rooting ability with a high root proljIeration SericnUural Research and Training rate to suit the climatic conditions; b) higher Institute (CSRandTI), Srirampura, leaf yield per unit area, high moisture Mysore, India percentage and long moisture retention capability ofleaves; c) fnst growth with high Modal Venkateswarlu photosynthetic efficiency, good quality with high carbohydrates in young leaves and The success and efficiency of the varietal more proteins in mature leaves; d) tol<.:rance improvement programme depends on the to. biotic and abiotic stresses; c) thick selection of the right parents which carry succulent leaves. To achieve these goals, d~sirable traits and rich genetic variability to various conventional and non-conventional give desirable recombinants. This assumes approaches are pursued at Central Silk significance in mulberry, having rich Board, Bangalore under its constituent diversity, but where little is known about its Institutions. gcnetic bilSis. This makes it necessary to understand the genetic structure and Objectives: relationships for their use in improvement programmes. Mulberry breeding efforts are 1. To characterize the overall genetic severely restricted due to multiple problems. variation in the mulberry germ plasm Mulberries are highly heterozygous due to using DNA markers. outcrossing, tbere is virtually no information 2. To develop specific molecular on their genetics and inheritance patterns, descriptorslDNA fingerprints of selected they are trees with a long generation cycle, elite mulberry genotypes/varieties, for and the absence of efficient selection their individualization and use as strntegies make conventional breeding molecular ID in the context of IPRlpatent difficult. Hence, the vast potential offered protection/plant breeder rights. by DNA marker technology should be 3. To develop mapping populations of utilized to solve some of the above mulberry using el.ite parental materials, as mentioned problems. a fITst step towards development of molecular linkage map of mulberry. Mulberry is a hardy perennial tree, belonging to the Moraceae. Under suitable For molecular characterization, lhe DNA cultivation, it is grown as bush by repeated samples from 50 selected genotypes will be pruning. It is a fast growing plant, fi'om analyzed using three types of DNA markers which leaves are harvested several times a which exploit different types of variation in year. Mulberry in India is main.ly propagated the genomic DNA and thus are expected to commercially through stem cuttings. From provide a better evaluation of the whole seed sowing to flowering it takes 2-3 yenrs. genome. The types of DNA markers that are Normally mulberry flowers in the months of to be used are AFLP, RAPD, and ISSR January through April, but flowers can be markers. DNA has been' extracted and induced at any time by mechanical injury purified, and RAPD analysis has been like pruning. Mulberry is mostly dioecious; carried out, which is showing high a level of a few monoeeious genotypes are also polymorphism. known. To support breeding program.mes For developing mapping populations, CSRandTl, Mysore is maintaining a suitable plant materials having contrasting germ plasm stock of 450 genotypes which characters will be identified from among the have been collected from different agro elite varieties such as V I, Mysore Local, ecological zones of India and abroad. Bilidevalaya, S36, Sujanpur-5 etc. The selected genotypes will be used to generate

13 r I hybrid populations that will make the Ecology Laboratory, Del)artment of base material for developing a molecular Biology, Kyushu Univel'sity, Japan linkage map. Progress: Mysore Local and V I genotypes where a majority of TetsllkazlI Yahara contrasting traits are available were selected for crossing (pseudo test cross). The cross My laboratory is a research unit composed of has been made and 15000 seeds were a professor (myselt), an as~ociate professor obtained, sown in nursery beds and about (entomologist), two assistant professors 10,000 seedlings are growing. Under the (ornithologist and mammalogist), 16 graduate Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) method students, and 6 post docs. r belicve our unit is two contrasting traits were selected viz. leaf unique in that we are trying to integrate shape and size (Mysore Local x V I; evolutionalY studies of sexual systems both in Bilidevalaya x VI) and rooting (S36 x VI), plants and in animals. My "botanic

While [ am supervising graduate students working on the above projects, I myself am working on the evolution of agamospermy in Eupatorium and Stel'ia (As\craceae, Eupatorieae) in collabomtion with Dr. Watanabe (Kobe University), Dr. Soejima Primula elatior (Osaka Pretecture University) and others. 14 Eupatorium s. sh·. consists of 22 East Asian, expeditions, we recognized 99 species 23 eastern North American and a single including 14 new ones (14). Among them, 42 European species, and agamospermous species include agamospermous polyploid polyploids are common in East Asia and populations (15, 16). Usually North America (7). The evolutionary history agamospermous populations are more of the genus is inferred from sequence data of widespread and sexual populations are the nrDNA ITS region and cpDNA RFLP. restricted to narrow areas. In Slevia The genus originated in North America and origanoides, however, both sexual and then migrated to East Asia and Europe (8). agamospermous populations are common. In Among East Asian species, Eupatorium some areas, two morphologically and chinense s. lat. includes sexual and ecologically distinct sexual forms are agamospermous populations, and the coexisting with agmnospermous forms. It incidence of geminivirus infection is much seems that the evolution of agamospermous higher in agamospermous populations (9). forms caused disruptive selection on sexual Geminivirus infection reduces host viability populations and enhanced sympatric through destruction of photosynthetic speciation. We are looking for molecular properties (10) and causes epidemics and markers suitable to test tllis idea. rapid local extinction of agamospermous populations (II). Geminiviruses isolated Finally, I have been responsible for editing from Eupatorium leaves are genetically Red Data Book of Japanese Vascular Plants. highly diverged (12) and amino acid We developed extensive data base of current replacements in host-range determinant population size and recent decline tTend for genes are more frequent in sexual host approximately 2,000 candidate taxa in populations than in agamospermous collaboration with about 450 botanists. Using populations (13). These fll1dings SUPPOIt the this data base, we carried out computer parasite "Red Queen model" for the evolution simulations to quantitatively assess extinction of sex. To further test tllis model, we are now risk of these taxa (17) . The Red Data Book comparing molecular evolution ofNBS-LRR was published last year by the Environment type R-genes (pathogen resistance genes) Agency of the Japanese Government. between sexual and agamospennous Unforttll1ately, 24% of our vascular flora had populations. We determined Eupatorium to be listed in the Red Data Book. We are now sequences of the 5' part of the R-gene working to prepare hot spot maps using some homologues that show approximately 50% hot spot coefficients developed for amino acid homology with previously known quanti/ying relative importance of an area sequences of Arabidopsis and other plants. based on the above data base. We are now trying to determine the 3' palts of the sequences that include the LRR region REFERENCES probably responsible for gene-tor-gene relationships. Molecular biological evidence (I) Sakisaka, Y., Yahara, T., Miura, I. & has suggested that specificities in R-genes Kasllya, E. 2000. Maternal control of often evolved through interiocus sex ratio in Rana rugosa: evidence from recombination. If interlocus recombination DNA sexing. Molecular Ecology 9: mainly occurs in meiosis, agamospermolls 1711-1715. populations would be inferior in their ability (2) Ishida, Y., Kasuya, E. & Yahara, T. of evolving new specificities against rapidly 200 I. Female control of paternity during evolving parasites. We think our copulation: inbreeding avoidance in Eupatorillnl-geminivirliS system provides an feral cats. Behaviour 138, in press. excellent opportunity to test this idea. (3) Ohashi, K. & Yahara, T. 1999. How long to stay on, and how often to visit a Another project of mine concerns taxonomic, flowering plant? - a mode1 for foraging phylogenetic and evolutionary studies on strategy when floral displays vary in Mexican Slevia. ;\s a result of 6-year l'ield size. OIKOS 86 : 386-392.

15 (4) Ohashi, K. & Yahara, T. 2001. (13) Ooi, K. & 1. Yahara. 1999. Genetic Behavioral responses of pollinators to variation of gemini viruses: comparison variation in floral display size and their between sexual and asexual host plant influences on the evolution of noral populations. Molecular Ecology 8: 89-97. traits. In: Chittka, L. and Thomson J. (14) Soejima, A., Yahara, T. & Watanabe, K. D. eds., Cognitive Ecology of 200 I. Some new species and Pollination. Cambridge University combinations of Stevia (Compositae: Press, New York, pp. 274-296. Eupatorieae) from Mexico. Brittonia (5) Miyake, T. & T. Yahara . 1998. Why 53, in press. does the flower of Lonicera japonica (15) Soej ima, A., Yahara, T. & Watanabe, open at dusk? Canadian Journal of K. 2001. Distribution and variation of Botany 76: 1806-1811. sexual and agamospermous populations (6) Miyake, T. & Yahara, T. 1999. of Stevia (Compositae: Eupatorieae) Theoretical evaluation of pollen from Mexico. Plant Species Biology transfer by nocturnal and diurnal 16, in press. pollinators: when should a flower (16) Watanabe, K., Soejima A. & Yahara, T. open? O1KOS 86: 233-240. 200 I . Mexican species of the genus (7) Kawahara, T., Yahara, T. & Watanabe, Stevia (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae). K. 1989. Distribution of sexual and Chromosome numbers and geographical agamospermous populations of distribution. Plant Species Biology 16, Eupatorium (Compositae) in Asia. in press. Plant Species Biology 4: 37-46. (17) Yahara, T., Kato, T., Inoue, K., Yokota, (8) Ito, M., Watanabe, K., Kita, Y., M., Kadono, Y., Serizawa, S., Ta.kahashi, Kawahara, T., Crawford, D.J . & H., Kawakubo, N., Nagamasu, !-t., Yahara, T. 2000. Phylogeny and Suzuki, K., Ueda, K. & Kadota, Y. phytogeography of Eupatorium 1998. Red li st of Japanese vascular (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae): Insights plants: summary of methods and results. from sequence data of the mONA ITS Proceedings of Japanese Society of Plant region and cpDNA RFLP. Journal of Taxonom iSIS 13: 89-96. Plant Research 113: 79-89. (9) Yaham, T. & K. Oyama . 1993 . Effects Professor Tetsukazu Yahara of virus infection on demographic traits Department of Biology of an agamospermous population of Kyushu University Eupatorium chinense (Asteraceae). Fukuoka 812-8553 Oecologja 96: 310-315. JAPAN (110) Funayama, T., K. Hikosaka & T. Yahara. [email protected]·ip 1997. Effects of virus infection and growth irradiance on ritness components and photosynthetic properties of Eupatorium makinoi (Compositae). American Journal of Botany 84: 823-829. (1 I) Funayama, S., Terashima I. & Yahara T. 200 I. Effects of virus infection and light environment on population dynamics of Eupatorium makinoi (Asteraceae). American Journal of Botany 88(4): 616-622. (12) Ooi, K., S. Oshita, I. Ishii & T. Yahara. 1997. Molecular phylogeny of geminivirus infecting wild plants in Japan. Journal of Plant Research. 110: 247-251. Tragopogon pratensis

16 4 makc use of widely varying numbers of Research Note accessions, ranging fi'om 7 (Hanfstingl el ai. 1994, sequencing pcut of the paper) to 360 Arabidopsis thaliana as a tool for (Adam el al. 1999) out of currcntly more thcu1 biosystematics: studies in molecular 1100 accessions from the wi ld stored in the phylogeography Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centt;:r (NASC, http://nasc.nott.ac.ukl).This poses Matthias H. Hoffmann and Heike Sehmuths the problem of compcu'ability aA10ng tbt;: studies. There is apparently no single Recently, several studies have been published accession that has been used 'in all studies, that deal with the molecular diversity in unless the various Columbia "ecotypes" arc relation to biogeography oftbe "model plant", treated as one. Similarly divers are the Arabidopsis Ihaliana (L.) Heynb. implicit to markers, methods and cu1alytical tools applied these studies is the hope to fi.nd a correlation in these surveys. It appears that virtually the between the geographical origin of the whole spectrum of DNA markers and accessions and molecular data. Such methods currently used in population genetics correlations can be of three kinds: there can be have been applied, e.g. AFLP, RFLP, CAPS, an overall relationship between geographic rnicrosatellites, cu1d DNA sequencing. The and genetic distance, there may be an data are evaluated using phylogenetic infraspecific cladistic pattern reflecting the methods and similarity methods such as history of dispersal, or there can be cluster analysis and principal component correlations between specific molecular analysis. The different methods of markers ,md enviromnental parameters data analysis raise an additional problem suggesting selection dW'ing local adaptation. of comparability between the studies. Almost all of the studies to date finish with the Nevertheless, even if comparability between conclusion that geographical correlations thest;: surveys is restricted, some common cannot be detected. Alonso-Blanco and conclusion can be drawn. Koornneef (2000) realize that in Arabidopsis research the term "ecotype" is improperly Gelletic variability witbill "popllluiioIlS" used because the Arabidopsis "ecotypes" Plants collected at a site are sometimes simply denote different accessions. The term genetically more distantly related than plants "ecotype" has a precise genetic connotation from geographically more remote sites and should be used to designate suhspeci fic (e.g. Ahhott and Gomes 1989, PUruggCU1CU1 taxa that are demonst.rably adapted to their and Suddith 1999). Such plants are separated specific habitats (see e.g. Langlet 1971). by accessions from other sources in the Investigations of ecotypic dilferentiation of diagrams or dendrograms. This pictllre may populations have a long tradition in become more complicated in single-gene Biosystematics (Hagen, 1983). Considering comparisons. For example, Lisse-I and Lisse- the immense amount of genetic information 2 from the Netherlands are quite similar in the and the general interest in Arabidopsis nucleotide sequence of the APETALA3 alleles, thaliana, a thorough biosystematic whereas the P1STlLLATA alleles cu'e different, investigation seems appropriate. Many groups st;:pcu'ating the accessions in the cladogram are working in this highly interesting field (PUruggCU1CU1 and Suddith 1999). This pattern (see, for example, is not very surprising because of the high http://vanilla.ice.mpg.de/departmentsiGenlES degree of inbreeding of A. thaliana, which F/esf.htm). may result in fixation ofdifIerent genotypes at the same place alter chance dispersal. Here, we want to review briefly recent Similcu'ly complicated is the picture emerging molecular biogeographical publications from investigations of the transposable dealing with A. thaliana. A set of 19 recent element Tag J content in di fierent accessions publications addressing this topic have been (Frank et al. 1998). Plants from the SCUlle selected and compared (tab. J). These studies place may have a varying number of thest;: 17 elements suggesting that either seeds fi:om However, these accessions are too widely different provenances have been dispersed to dispersed over the trees to draw conclusions this particular location and are now growing about comparability between molecular together, or the transposable elements have methods addressing geographical variation of partially and recently been losl from parts of . A. Ihaliana. the population. These observations point to the fact that great caution is required when Hypotheses cOllceming the absence of dealing with single-plant accessions from correlations between geography atld genetic various sites. variatiotl The most frequently stressed and favoured Correlation between genetic poLYlllorphisms explanation for the absence of a correlation and geograpllicallocation between geography and genetic variation is Sharbel et al. (2000, AFLPs) found a that the postglacial dispersal in Western signiticant correlation of genelic distance Eurasia was chaotic and strongly influenced between accessions with increasing by man. However, the survey ofSharbel el al. geographic distance but no "ecolype" (2000) indicates that there is a distinct phylogeny. Kuittinen et al. (J 997) in a study historical component, i.e. traces of migration of Scandinavian populations observed and isolation to be observed in the molecular variability only in the southern populations. data of A. thaliana. The northern, Central All other studies failed 10 find geographic European accessions appear to be genetically correlations in their data. The published less diverse than the accessions fi'om the analyses, beside the limited comparability, Iberian Peninsula and Asia. This decrease in point 10 another problem than a mere failure diversity from their putative Pleistocene of finding geographical con-elations. It can be refugia northwards did, howevel~ not explain observed that accessions have different the absence of geographic correlations in the positions in the dendrograms or cladograms. other marker systems. Therefore, it may be Two examples, one from nucleotide sequence argued that no appropriate markers have been analysis, and one from a mjcrosatellite survey applied to find the correlations. This would shall illustrate this problem. (I) Nucleotide suggest that most of the previously used sequences of the CHI gene (Kuittinen and molecular markers are ecologically neutral Aguade 2000) and the APETALA3 gene and are not of ecological or biogeographical (Purugganan and Suddith 1999) show a significance. different arrangement of the four shared accessions in the dendrograms. In the AP3 A close study of the distribution range of A. gene Ler (laboratory strain Landsberg erecta) thaliana and climatic range modelling and Cvi-O (Cape Verde Islands) are very (M.H.H., in prep., see also Hoffinann 2000) closely arranged on the same branch whereas revealed that the species occurs in a velY wide the basal split in the diagram separates them in ecological and climatic range. Arabidopsis the CHI-tree. (2) Nine accessions and 8 Ollt of thaUana covers a range of mean January total 27 microsatellite loci are shared in the temperatures from about _20DC to + 16DC and studies of rnnan et al. (1997) and Vander fi·om 4DC to 30DC in July, respectively. Due to Zwan el al. (2000). The shared accessions its shOlt life cycle, the species may also have completely different positions in the occupy hot and velY summer-dry areas (e.g. various trees. For example, Kas-l (Kaslmur, the Mediten'anean region, Middle Asia) as India) and Es-O (Espoo, Finland) are to be well as oceanic humid and cool regions (e.g. lOllnd on the same branch in the neighbour western Scandinavia). However, plants are joining tree (Inn an el al. 1997), whereas in the not to be found in most parts of Siberia and unrooted .tree of the absolute differences Central Asia (e.g. Mongolia, NOlthem China). between alleles they appear on the most [11 spite of the short life cycle of A. Ihaliana, distant branches (Vander Zwan el al. 2000). distinct limitations in the capability to cope Three of these ninc accessions have also been with certain climatic conditions become used by Kuiltinen and Aguade (2000). apparent.

18 > These observations raise a basic question: to Torres-Ruiz, R. A. (2000): Estimating which degree is this wide tolerance to genetic diversity of Arabidopsis thaliana different growth conditions a reflection of ecotypes with amplified fragment length genetically different true "ecotypes", and to polymorphisms (AFLP). Theor. Appl. which is it the result of plastic responses of Genet. 100: 633-640. an "all purpose genotype" which could be Frank, M. J., Preuss, D. , Mack, A., expected for a plant that seems to be Kuhlmann, T. C. & Crawford, N. M. spreading as a result of anthropogenic (1998): The Arabidapsis transposable dispersal. Much relevant variation in various element Tagl is wid ely distributcd traits reported by Alonso-Blanco and among Arabidapsis ecotypes. Mol. Gen. Koornneef (2000) has a genetic basis, either Genet. 257: 478-484. as mendelian or as quantitative loci. Does Hagen, J. B. (1983): The development of thi s play a significant role in local experimental methods in plant adaptation in nature? A biosystematic taxonomy, 1920-1950. Taxon 32: 406- investigation of this aspect can make use of 416. an unusually wide choice of resources. In Hanfstingl, U., Berry, A., Kellogg, E. A., turn, the results of this study will connect the Costa Ill, J. T., RUdiger, W. & Ausubel, laboratory analysis of A. thaliana with the F. M. (1994): Haplotypic divergence survival of the plant in its natural coupled with lack of diversity at the environment. Arabidapsis tha/ianu alcohol dehydrogenase locus: roles for both REFERENCES balancing and directional selection? Genetics 138: 811-828. Abbott, R. J. & Gomes, M. F. (1988): Hardtke, C. S., MUlier, J. & Berleth, T. Population genetic structure and (1996): Genetic similarity among outcrossmg rate of Arabidapsis thaliana Arabidapsis thaliana ecotypes estimated (L.) Heynh. Ileredity 62: 411-418. by DNA sequence comparison. PI. Mol. Adam, L., Ellwood, S., Wilson, I., Saenz, BioI. 32: 915-922. G., Xiao, S., Oliver, R. P., Turner, J. G. Hoffmann, M. H. (2000): Biogeography and & Somerville, S. (1999): Comparison of climatic differentiation of two annual Erysiphe cicharacearllm and E. species of Teesda/ia R. Br. cl'llciferarum and a survey of 360 (Brassicaceae). J. Biogeogr. 27: 989- Arabidopsis thaliana accessions for 999. resistance to these two powdery mildew lnnan, H., Terauchi, R. & Miyashita, N. T. pathogens. Mol. Plant Micr. (1997): Microsatellite polymorphism in Interactions 12: 1031-1043. natural populations of the wild plant Alonso-Blanco, C. & Koorneef, M. (2000): Arabidapsis tha/iana. Genetics 146: Naturally occurring variation in 1441-1452. Arabidapsis: an underexploited resource Kawabe, A. & Miyashita, N. T. (1999): for plant genetics. Trend Plant Sci . 5: DNA variation in the basic chitinase 22-29. locus (Chi B) region of the wild plant Bergelson, J., Stahl, E., Dudek, S. & Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 153: Kreitmao, M. (1998): Genetic variation 1445-1453. within and alllong populations of King, G., Nienhuis, J. & Hussey, C. (1993): Arabidapsis thaliana. Genetics 148: Genetic similarity among ccotypes of 1311-1323. Arabidapsis tha/iana estimated by Breyne, P., Rombaut, D., van GyseJ, A., van analysis of restriction fragment length Montagu, M. & Gerats, T. (1999): AJ ' LP polymorphisms. Theor. Appl. Genet. 86: analysis of genetic diversity within and 1028-1032. between Arabidopsis tha/iana ecotypes. Kuittinen, 1-1 . & Aguade, M. (2000): Mol. Gen . Genet. 261: 627-634. Nucleotide variatIOn at the Erschadi, S., Haberer, G., Schonigcr, M. & CHALCONE ISOM ERASE locus 111

19 Arubidopsis thaliana. Genetics 155: Vander Zwan, c. , Brodie, S. A. & 863-872. Campanella, J. J. (2000): The Kuittinen; J-I., Mattila, A. & Savolainen, O. intraspecific phylogenetics of (1997): Genetic variation at marker loci Arabidopsis thaliana in worldwide and in quantitative traits in natural populations. Syst. Bot. 25: 47-59. populations of Arabidopsis thalianC/. Heredity 79: 144-152. Matthias H. Hoffmann Langlet, O. (1971): Two hundred years Heike Schmllths genecology. Taxon 20: 653-722. Department of Taxonomy Loridon, K., Coun1oyer, B., Goubely, c., Institllt fijI' Pflanzengcnctik lind Depeiges, A. & Picard, G. (1998): Length KIlItllrpflllnzenforschllng polymorphism and allele structure of IPK Gatersleben trinucleotide microsatellitcs in natural D-06466 Gatersleben accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. Germany Theor. AppJ. Genet. 97: 591-604. [email protected] Miyashita, N. T. , Kawabe, A. & Innan. H. (1999): DNA variation in the wild plant Arabidopsis thaliana revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Genetics 152: 1723-17:1 1. Purugganan, M. D. & Suddith, J. 1. (1998): Molecular population genetics of the Arabidopsis CAULIFLOWER regulatory gene: Nonncutral evolution and naturally occurring variation in floral homeotic function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 8130-8134. Purugganan, M. D. & Suddith, J. 1. (1999): Molecular population genetics of floral homeotic loci: departures from the equilibrium-neutral model at the APETALA3 and PlSTlLLATA gencs of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 151: 839-848. Sharbel, T. f., I-1aubold, B. & Mitchell-Olds, T. (2000): Genetic isolation by distance in Arabidopsis thai illllU: biogeography and postglacial colonization of Europc. Mol. Eco!. 9: 2109-2118. Ullrich, II., Uillig, K., Brennicke, A. & Knoop, V. (1997): Mitochondrial DNA variations and nuclear RfLPs reflect ditlerent gendic similarities among 23 I!rahidopsis thaliana eeotypcs. PI. Mol. BioI. 33: 17-45. Anemone sylvestris

20 Tab. I. Selected publications addressing the problem of molecular biogc:ography of A. Ihaliana. Method and molecular Authors Number Method of Geographical marker of data analysis correlation accessions and presentation

Nucleotide sequences, Purugganan and Suddith 16 maximum no AP3 and PI genes 1999 parsimony Nucleotide sequences, Purugganan and Suddith 17 maximum no CAL gene 1998 parsimony Nucleotide sequences, Kuittinen and Aguade 24 neighbor- no CHI gene 2000 joining Nucleotide sequences, Kawabe and Miyashita 17 lleighbor- no Chill gene 1999 joining Nucleotide sequences, 7 cladistic Adh gene Hanfstingl et al. 1994 no CAPS sequences: 2 Hanfstingl el al. 1994 37 cladistic no nuclear 2 non-nuclear Microsatellites lnnan el at. 1997 38 neighbor- no joining

Microsatellites Vander Zwan el at. 2000 18 neighbor- no joining

Microsatellites, allozyme Kuittinen el at. 1997 6, N Europe descriptive yes Microsatellites Loridon el at. 1998 49 n~igh. bor- no JOllllng

AFLP Sh~u·bel et at. 2000 142 descriptive yes AFLP Breyne el al. 1999 21 UPGMA, no PCA

AFLP Miyashita el af. 1999 38 neighbor- no joining

AFLP Erschadj et at. 2000 19 PCA no CAPS l-Iardke el af. 1996 18 cladistic no

7CAPS Hantstingl el at. 1994 37 cladistic DO CAPS, mt,nDNA Ul1rich el at. 1997 23 graphic, no visual?

CAPS, mt,nDNA Bergelson et at. 1998 11 cluster no analysis, haplotype network

RFLP King el at. 1993 28 PCA no RFLP, Tagl Frank el at. 1998 43 tabular no Erisyphe spp.- Adam et af. 1999 360 tabular no I I susceptibility I ~ I 21 5 IOPB Chromosome Data 17 edited by Clive A. Stace Department of Biology University of Leicester Leicester LEI 7RH, England Email: [email protected]

Please send contributions to Professor Stace at the above address (preferably by email with the contribution in WORD 98 or earlier, or in RTF, but failing that on a 3.5 inch microdisc with text in ASCIJ-fi Ie and a printed copy) using the exact layout of the present list. Neither proofs nor reprints will be made available, but the editor will acknowledge receipt of contributions and raise queries with authors if necessary.

Reports by: 266-273). Aconitum an/hom, A. napel/us and A. variegalllm were used as outgroups. The Matthias Baltisberger and Anna-Barbara thesis concluded that A. Iyeoe/onum should UteIli, Geobotanical Institute, Swiss not be split. Federal Institute of Technology, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 ZUrich, RANUNCULACEAE Switzerland. Vouchers in ZJZT (voucher Aconitum anthora L. 2n=32. France: Hautes numbers of cultivated plants in brackets). Pyrenees: between Gavarnie and I'Hotellerie du Cirque, SSE of Lourdes, The investigated plant mateJial was used 1430m, 11 .8.1995, S.Horat and A.-A. during doctoral research on Aconitum Utelli,14417. Iyeoetonum s.1. (Utelli A.-B ., Roy B.A. and Aconitum Iycoe/onum L. emend. Koelle. Baltisberger M. 1997. Evolution of mating 2n= 16. France: Hautes-Pyrenees: systems in plants: the causes and between Heas and Cirque de Troumouse, consequences of inbreeding in Aconitum S of Lourdes, 2040m, 12.8.1995, S. Iycoctollum 5.1. Bul/. Geobot. Inst. ETHZ 63: HOI·at and A.-B. Utelli, 14419 (13710). 87-93; Utelli A.-B., Roy B.A. and Germany: between Erbendorf and Baltisberger M. 1999. History can be more Grotschenreuth, Kreis Tirschenreuth, important than "pollination syndrome" in 450m, 18.7. 1995, B. Gautschi and A.-B . determining the genetic structure of plant Utelli, 14404; Unterkotzau, Kreis Hof, populations: the case of Aconitum 420m, J 9.7.1995, B. Gautschi and A.-B. Iyeoetonuin [Ranunculaceae]. lleredity 82 : Utelli, 14405 (J 3708). Italy: E of Lago di 574-584; Utelli A.-B. and Roy B.A. 2000. Como, Valsassina, 160001, 1.8.1995, M. Pollinator abundance and behavior on Soliva and A.-B. Utelli, 14411 (13704); Aconitum Zvco e/ollum [Ranunculaceae 1: an between Tact!no and Bellano, Valsassina, analysis or the quantity and quality 480m, 2.8.1995, M. Soliva and A.-B . components of pollination. Oikos 89: 461- .Utelli, 14413 (13707); between Colle di 470; Utelli A.-B., Roy IJ .A. and Baltisberger Tenda and Colle della Perla, Piedmont, M. 2000. Molecular and morphological 2040-2090m, 2.8.1997, P. Senn and A.-l3. analyses or European Aconitum species Utelli, 14438; Colle dt!lIa Lombarda, lRanuoculaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 224: 195- Piedmont, 2300m, 2.8. 1997, P. Senn and 212; Utelli A.-B. and Roy B.A . 2001. Causes A.-B. Utelli, 14445 (13705). Spain: Lago and cOTlscquenct!s of tloral damage in de la Ercina near Covadonga, Picos de Aconitum Iyeoc/anum at high and low Europa, I I 20m, 7.8.1995, S. Horat and elevations in Switzerland. Decologia 127: A.-B. UtelH, 14415 (13709); Prado

22 Llano, Sierra Nevada, 2450m, 10.8.1997, Walter Buechler, Biology Department, P. Senn and A.-B. Utelli, 1445 I. Boise State University, 1910 University :Switzerian.J!: Les Places, near Arolla, S of Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, U.S.A. Sion, canton Valais, 2050m, 7.7.1995, M. Baltisberger and M. Soliva, 13042; SALICACEAE Sagentobel, Stettbach in ZUrich, canton Salix setchelliana C. Ball. n= 19, 2n=38. Zilrich, 500m, 25.5.1995, A.-B. Utelli, United States: Alaska: Knik River, south 1440 I (13706); Muswinkel, Glattbruck, side of river, 1.5 miles east of bridge to canton ZUrich, 42001, 25.5.1995, A.-B. Palmer on Old Glenn Highway, Argus Utclli, 14402; Stierenbergli, neal' 13903 (voucher at CAN). Kandersteg, canton Berne, 1720m, Salix jloridana Chapman. n= 19, 2n=38. 12.7.1995, A.-B. Utelli, 14403 (13599); United States: Florida: Mormon Branch between ChantBrella and the hut Heidi, of Juniper Creek, Ocala National Forest, near S1. Moritz, canton Grisons, 2020m, Marion County, Miller and Buechler 2.9. 1995, P. Senn and A.-B. Utelli, 14424 00 I 0 180 I (voucher at SRP). 2n = 38. (13600); Gamsalp, near Wildhalls, canton Georgia: Chattahoochee River, ca. 4 Sl. GaU , 1750m, 22.9.1995, B. Gautschi miles SW of Hilton, Early County, James and A.-B . Utelli, 14425 (13596); Rigi R. Allison 12400 (voucher at GA). First, mountain Rigi , canton Schwyz, C. Favarger, Institllt de Botanique, 1410m, 24.9.1995, B. and M.A. Universite de Neuchatel, Rue Emile-Argand Gautschi, 14427 (13597); between II, Cl-1-2007 NEUCHATEL, Switzerland Vicosoprano and Soglio, Bergell, canton Grisons, 1170m, 14.10.1995, A.-B. BRASSICACEAE Utelli, 14429 (13598); between Louche Turritis glabra L. n=6, 2n= 12 . The count and Arolla, S of Sion, canton Valais, attributed to Erysimum leucan/hemum 2200m, 12.7.1996, B. Gautschi and A.-B. (Steph.) Fedtsch. in Ann. Sci. Univ. Utelli, 14432; between Grellingen and Besan{:on, Bo/ .. Ser. 3, 12: 49-56 (1972) Seewen, canton Baselland, 450m, should be reassigned to Turri/is glabra. 4.6.1997, A.-B. Utelli, 14436 (13713); AII'Acqua, Val Bedretto, canton Ticino, M.E. Mansanares, E.R. Forni-Martins and 1590m, 11 .9.1997, A.-B. Utelli, 14462. J. Semir, Departamento de Botanica, Aconitum napel/us L. 2n=16. Italy: E of La go Instituto de Biologia, Unicamp, Caixa di Como, Valsassina, 1600m, 1.8.1995, Postal 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, M. Soliva and A.-B. Utelli, 14412. Brazil. Localities in Brazil, Minas Aconitum variega/um L. 2n= 16. France: Gerais. Vouchers in UEC and SPFR. First Alpes Maritimes: Boreon, 1600m, author abbreviated to MEM. 3.8.1997, P. Senn and A.-B. Utelli, 14449. Switzerland: Vicosoprano, ASTERACEAE Bergell, canton Grisons, 1360m, Lychnophora candelabrum Sch.Bip. 2n=36. 14 .10.1995, A.-B. Utelli, 14428. MG: Gouveia, MEM et al. 27. L. cipoensis Semir and Leitao. n= I 9, 2n=38. MG: Serra do Cipo. Feres et al. 98/39; Diamantina, MEM and Aona 10. L. diamantinana Coile and S.B.Jones. n= 17, 211=34. MG: Milho Verde, Fercs ct al. 98/56; Diamantina, Feres et al. 98/66. L. ericoides Mali. 2n=34: MG : Furnas, SelT3 da Canastr3, Lopes NPL-128a; Furnas, Serra da Canastra, N PL-128b; Delfinopolis, Serra da Canastra, NPL- 123; Babilonia, Serra da Canastra, NPL-157.

23 L. gardneri Seh.Bip. 2n=36. MG: Michael G. Pimcnov, Tatyana V. Allexeeva, Diamantina, MEM and Aona s.n. and Eugene V. Kljuykov, Botanical L. joliana SemiI' and Leitao. n= 18, 2n=36. Garden of Moscow State University, MG: Serra do Cipo, MEM et al. 21. Moscow 119899, Russia. E-mail: L. mello-barreloi G.M.Barroso. n= 19, 2n=38. [email protected]. MG: Serra do Cipo, MEM et al. 15. Vouchers in MW. All localities in Central L. mulica SemiI' and Leitao. n=ca. 19. MG: Nepal (E Himalaya). Collectors: Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipo, Feres M.G.Pimenov and E.Y.Kljuykov. The et al. 98/51. investigations were supported by grants L. passerina (Mart. ex DC.) Gardner. n'" 17, of the Russian Foundation of 2n=34. MG: Serra do Cipo, MEM et al. Fundamental Investigations (RFFl). 20; Serra do Cipo, MEM et al. J 3; Diamantina, Feres et al. 98/65. APIACEAE L. pinasler Mart. n~17. MG: Carrancas, Acronema lenerllm CDC .) Edgew. 2n= 18 . MEM s.n. Langtang National Park, basin of Trisuli L. pohlii Sch.Bip. n"'18. MG: Diamantina, Khota, between Dunche and Sing Feres et al. 98/68. Gompa, 28°07'N, 85°20'E, 31.10.1999, L. proslrala Semir and Leilao. n= 17. MG: N 35. Diamantina, Borba et al. 508. Angelica cyc/ocurpa (C. Norman) Cannon. L. pseudovillosissima Sem ir and Leitao. 2n=22. Southern slopes of Annapurna 2n=38. MG: Diamantina, MI'\M and mountain massiJ~ valley of Modi Khola, Aona s.n. right bank, between Dohan (Dovan) and L. rupeslris Semir and Leitao. n= 17, 2n=34. Himalaya Hotel, 28°28'N, 83 °52'E, MG: Serra do Cipo, Feres et al. 98/28; 2700-3000m, 22.10.1999, N 11. Serra do Cipo, M£M and Aona 04; Serra Bupleurum dalhollsieanllm (e.B. Clarke) do Cipo, MEM et al. 19. Koso-Pol. 2n= 16. Langtang National L. salicifoliu Mart. n= 18, 2n=36. MG: Serra Park, basin of Trisuli Khola, between do Cipo, MEM et al. 18; Serra do Cipo, Cholang Pati and Lauribina Yak, Fen;!s et al. 98/28. 28°05'N, 85°25'E, 3300m, 1.11.1999, L. sellowii Sch.Bip. 2n=38. MG: Serra do N 47. Cipo, Feres et al. 98/41; Milho Verde, Bupleurllm khusianum (C.B. Clarke) P.K. feres et al. 98/57. Mukh. n- 8. Langtang National Park, L. slaavioilies Mart. n=34. MG: Sao Goncalo basin of Trisuli Kilola, between Dunehe do Rio das Pedras, Feres et al. 98/58. and Sing Gompa, 2~007'N, 85°20'E, L. lomen/osa Malt. n= J9, 2n=38 . MG: Serra 3 l.l O. 1999, N 31. do Cipo, MEM and Aona 08; Datas, Chaerophyllllm villos7ltrl DC. 2n=22. Feres et al. 98/69; Diamantina, MEM et Southern slop~s of Annapurna mountain al. 26. massif, valley of Modi Chola, right bank, between ChllOmrong and Dovan, 28°27'N, 83 °5I'E, 2000-2300m, 21.10.1999, N8a. Corlia depressa (D. Don) C. Norman. 2n=22. Southern slopes of Annapurna mountain ~nassif, valley of Modi Chola, right bank, between Machhapucllhare Base Camp and Annapurna Base Camp, 28°30'N, 83°51'£, 3900m, 23.10.1999, N 23; Langtang National Park, basin of Trisuli Khola, between Lauribina Yak and Gossainkunda, 28°04'N, 85°26' 1\, 4500m, 1.11.1999, N 52.

24 b Heracleum nepalense D. Don. 2n=44. Oreocome striata (C.B. Clarke) Pimenov et Southern slopes of Annapurna mountain Kljuykov (Selinum striatum C.B. massif, valley of Modi Chola, right hank, Clarke). 2n=22. Langtang National Park, between Chhomrong and Dovan, basin of Trisuli Khola, between Dunche 28°2TN, 83 °51 'E, 2000-2300m, and Sing Gompa, 28°07'N, 85°20'E, 21.10.1999, NIO. 31.\0.1999, N 27. Heracleum sliblineare C.B. Clarke. 2n=22. Physospermopsis muktinathensis Farillc et Langtang National Park, basin of Trisuli Malia. 2n= 18. Southern slopes of Khola, between Sing Gompa and Annapuma mountain massif, valley of Cholang Pa-ti, 28°0TN, 85°20'E, 31 OOm, Modi Khola, right bank, between Deorali 31.10.1999, N 37. (Deurali) and Macbahapucbhare Base Hymenidium apiolens (C.B. Clarke) Pimenov Camp, 28°30'N, 83°52'E, 3350m, et Kljuykov. 2n=22. Langtang National 23.10.1999, N 22. Park, basin of Trisuli Khola, between Pimpinella pimpinellisimulacrum (Farille et Sing Gompa and Cholang Pati, 28°0TN, Malia) Farille. 2n=20. Langtang National 85°20'E, 3400m, 31.1 0.1999, N40. Park, basin of Trisuli Khola, between Lalldhwoja staintonii Farille. 2n=22. Cholang Pati and Lauribina Yak, Langtang National Park, basin of Trisuli 28°05'N, 85°25'E, 3700m, 1.11.1999, N Khola, between Dhunche and Cholang 44. Pati, 28°0TN, 85°20'E, 3300m, 2.11.1999, N 53. S. Dominic Rajkumar, SPK Centre for Ligusticopsis wallichiana (DC.) Pimenov et Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Kljuykov (Selinum wallichianum (DC.) Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi 627 Raizada et Saxena). 2n=22. Southern 412, Tamil Nadu, India. Vouchers in slopes of Annapurna mountain massif, herbariN.I1l of SPK Centre for valley of Modi Khola, right bank, Environmental Sciences (SPKCES). The between Himalaya Hotel and Deorali author gratefully acknowledges the (Deurali), 28°28'N, 83°52'E, 3250m, financial assistance received from the 22.10.1999, N 19. Department Science and Technology Meeboldia achilleifolia (DC.) P.K. Mukh. through the Young Scientist award and Constance. 2n=20. Langtang scheme (HRlSXlB- 21/97). National Park, basin of Trisuli Khola, between Dunche and Sing Gompa, ACfINIOPTERIDACEAE 28°0TN, 85°20'E, 21 OOm, 31.10.1999, N Acliniopteris radiata (Swdrtz) Link. n=87. India: 28 . Mahendragiri hills, Tamil Nadu, 800m, 2-7- Oenanthe thomsonii C.B. Clarke. 2n= 18. 1999, SPKCES 132 Southern slopes of Annapmna mountain massif, Pothana, moist places in dense ADlANTACEAE forest, 28° 18'N, 83°52'E, 1900m, Adiantum raddianum Pres!. n=58. India: 19.10.1999, N 3. Anamalai, Tamil Nadu, 800m, 7-3-2000, Oreocome candollei (Wall. ex DC.) Pimenov SPKCES 207. et Kljuykov (Selinum candollei Wall. ex ANGIOPTERIDACEAE DC.). Southern slopes of Annapurna Angiopteris evecta (Forst.) Hoffm. n=80. mountain massif, valley of Modi Khola, India: Ponmudi hills, Kerala, 1500m, 1- right bank, between Doban (Dovan) and 5-2000, SPKCES 242. Himalaya Hotel, 28°28'N, 83°52'E, 2700-3000m, 22.10.1999, N 12. ASPLENIACEAE Oreocome involucellata Pimenov et Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm.) Becherer. Kljuykov. 2n=22. Langtang National n; 144. India: POl1mudi hills, Kerala, Park, basin of Trisuli Khola, hetween 1000m, 1-5-2000, SPKCES 249. Dunche and Sing Gompa, 28°0TN, 85°20'E, 3400m, 31.10.1999, N 39.

25 ATHYRIACEAE F. M. Vazquez, S. Ramos, E. Doncel, J. Dip/azium po/ypodioides BI. n=82. India: Blanco and E. Balbuena, Department of Mahendragiri hills, Tamil Nadu, 800m, Forest Production, Service of 2-7-1999, SPKCES ISS . Investigation and Technological Development, Council of Agricultural DRYOPTERIDACEAE and Environment, P. O. Box 22, E-06080 Tectaria paradoxa (Fee) Sledge. n=82 . India: Badajoz, Spain. Vouchers in Herbario del Ponmudi hills, Kerala, 1000m, I-S-2000, Servicio de Investigaci6n Agraria, SPKCES 244. Badajoz, Spain (HSIA). PTERIDACEAE ASTERACEAE Pteris biaurita L. n=87. India: Nilgiri hills, ChamaemelumjUscatum (Brot.) Vasco 2n=18. Tamil Nadu, 1800m, 4-10-1999, Spain: Badajoz: near Badajoz city, SPKCES 173. 38°90'N, 6°9S'W, 180m, 31.6.1996, C., Pteris cretica L. n=87. India: Mahendragiri I., and F.M. Vazquez, HSIA 1873. hills, Tamil Nadu, 900m, 2-7-1999. SPKCES 143 . FAB,ACEAE Pteris /ongipes Don. n=S8. India: Waynad Lathyrus cicera L. 2n = 14. Spain: Badajoz: hills, Kerala, 700m, 4-8-2000, SPKCES Valle de Matamoros, 38°3S'N, 6°7S'W, 3S0. 674m, 7.4.199S, M.A. Suarez and F.M. Pteris vitlata L. n=S8. India: Anamalai, Tamil Vazquez, HSIA 430. Nadu, I 300m, 7-3-2000, SPKCES 202. PAPAVERACEAE THELYPTERIDACEAE Chelidonium majus L. n= 6. Spain: Badajoz: Christella parasitica (L.) Lev. n=72. India: near Higuera de Vargas, 38°12'N, Anamalai, Tamil Nadu, 1200m, 8-3- 6°80'W,S40m, 20.3 .2001, F.M. Vazquez, 2000, SPKCES 220. HSIA s. n. Christella dentata (Forsk.) Brownsey et Jermy. n=72. India: Mahendragiri hills, SCROPHULARlACEAE Tamil Nadu, 700m, 3-7-1999, SPKCES Linaria friomithophora (L.) Willd. n= 6. IS7. Spain: Caceres: Piornal moutains, forest Pseudocyclosorus ochthodes (Kunze) Holtt. of Quercus pyrenaica WiUd., 400 0S'N, n=3S . India: Waynad hills, Kerala, 700m, S08S'W, 1120m, 23.7.1998, M. Seifert 4-8-2000, SPKCES 361 and F.M. Vazquez, HSIA 4327. Sphaerostephanos subtruncatus (Bory) Holtt. n=36. India: Palani hills, Tamil Nadu, I 800m, 4-4-1999, SPKCES 123. Trigonospora caudipinna (Clung) Sledge. n=72 . India: Waynad hills, Kerala, 700m, 4-8-2000, SPKCES 364.

Heracleum sphondylium

26 6 .Individual Research News

L. G. Mouradian, Ph. D., Preparation of the seventh volume in the Assistant Professor series "Comparative anatomy of seeds", Department of Botany, Yerevan State containing information about family University, Compositae. Carpological data in the Alex Manookyan st. 1., Yerevan 375049, systematic position of the tribes Eupatorieae Armenia and Heliantheae. Fax:(3742) 151087, [email protected] Project completed: Carpo-anatomical data on clarification of The identification of extreme growth Cnicus benedictus L. position within the conditions by morpho-anatomical indices of subtribe Centaureinae (Asteraceae). endemic species of barley.

The monotypic genus Cnicus L. is one of Publications: numerous small genera within Centallreinae that are disputed and difficult from the Mouradyan L.G. 1999. Carpo-anatomical taxonomic point of view. According to some analysis of the representatives of the genus investigators the majority of genera from Centaurea L. Problems of Modern Botany this group, including Cnicus, and Mycology, Yerevan, 118-122. (in morphologically is closer to Centallrea L. Russian). representatives. As the features of achene microstructurce are reliably diagnostic, we Mouradyan L.G. 1999. Peculiarities of the investigated achene envelope microstructure microstructure of acbene coats of the of Cniclls benedictus L. for clarification of Compositae, tribe Cichorieae (Lactuceae). relationships between these genera. The Problems of Modern Botany and Mycology, results were compared with the published Yerevan.122-l27. (in Russian). data for Centaurea representatives (Mouradian, 1999). The comparative Mouradyan L.G. 1999. Carpo-anatomical analysis revealed similarity only in data on clarification of Cnicus benedictus L. spermoderm sh'ucture (well expressed position within the sublTibe Centaureinae testepiderm with radially elongated (Asteraceae). Abstracts XVI International macrosclereids, well preserved Botanical Congress, St. Louis. USA. August parenchotesta, remains of endosperm, etc.). 17.- N 419, p. 362. (in English). However representatives ·of these genera distinctly differ by pericarp structure. Tbus C. benedictus has pericarp with 19-20 rather Colin Morgan large, closely sett led ribs with weJl 158 Downs Rd. Hastings. E. Sussex, TN34 developed mechanical tissue, and pericarp 202, United Kingdom, domination. Tbese features are not at all e-mail: [email protected] characteristic for Cenlaurea representatives and, in our opinion, it is a convincing Project Started: argument for confirmation or the Systematics of Leyland Cypress independence of the genus Cniclls.

Curent projects: Carpological revision of Centaurea L. and related genera. Micro- and macrostructure of the achenes of the subtribe Carduinae representatives.

'27 7 Changed addresses

A.N. Derkutenko Roman Kish Ana T.Rolllcro [email protected] Uzhgorod State University Departamento de Biologia Biological Faculty, Vegetal Cesar Blanche Department of Botany Facultad de Ciencias GReB, Laboratori de Bot~nic~ 54 Voloshin str. Universidad de Granada Facultat de Farmacia, Uzilgorod, Tran scarpathia E- 18071 Granada (Spain) Universitat de Barcelona Ua-88000, Ukraine [email protected] Av. Joan XXIII sin, E-08028, Barcelona (Catalonia) Home: Tel 93.402.4490 12 Chekhov Str., Mukachevo, Kumilln Tamnoyao Fax: 93. 403.5879 Transcarpathia, Ukraine. Institute of botany, [email protected] [email protected] Anneniau Natioual Academy of Sciences Pilar Catalan Vhtdilllir V. KJ"icsfalnsy Abovian slr. 44/2 Dept.de Agricullura y Laboratory for Environment rcvan 375009, Armenia Economia Agrari~ Protection Te l. (3741) 568690 Facultad de Veterinaria Uzhgorod National University ktamanj an@YilhoO,com Un iv. de Zaragoza Tourist Lane 4 Miguel Servet 177 UA-88 000 Uzhgorod V!lleri K. Tokhtat· E-500 13 Zaragoza Ukraine Volgodonskaya-stT, 7D/kv.32, SPAIN [email protected] .uH Donetsk, 83 074, Ukraine [email protected] George Fnyvnsh Gabriela M. Mezo Institute of Botany, Kricsfalnsy G. Wiegleb Armenian National Academy Departament of Botany BTU Cottbus of Sciences Uzhgorod National University Faculty of Environmental Raffi str. 55/25 Tourist Lane 4 Sciences and Process Erevan 375064, Armenia UA -8 8 000 Uzhgorod Engineering Tel. (3741) 735852 Ukraine Dept. of General Ecology !ill\)'vush@yahoo .com [email protected] P.O. Box 101344 03013 Cotlbus Carlos Fermtndrz-L6pez S. N. Raina Germany Facultad de Cien cias Laboratory of Ce llular and [email protected] Expcrimcntales Molecular Cytogenetics E-23071 Jm!n (Spain) Department of Botany FII Cheng-Xin cre rnan @ ui~ University of Delhi (North Lab. Of Plant Science ampus) Dept. Of Biology Evgeny D. Gol'din Delhi 110007 Zhejiang Agricultural Univ. 122/89, Kijcvskaya Street INDIA Hangzhou 3 I 00029 Simferopol, 95043, Crimea snrai na@Sa rvil m.net.in P.R. China Ukraine ~oo mr@va hQQ.com Tel. : (380) 652 - 221389. oblako@home,cris,net

28 8 Ballot for Executives and Council of IOPB (International Organization of Plant Biosystematists) for the 3-year period 2001- 2004.

According to the bylaws ofIOPB all members in good standing have the right to vote for the members of the Executive and Council for the 3-year period following a symposium. The mandate period runs from the general JOPB meeting held in connection with the symposium to the next one. The Executive consists of the persons with special functions within IOPB and is determined by the members present at the business meeting. Suggestions for candidates can be made. up to the date of the business meeting. The position of President Elect is chosen from candidates who offer to organize the next IOPB Symposium (this time, 2004). The President Elect becomes President and Past President automaticaUy during the next two terms. The Council should comprise 10 members, and not more than two from one single country. You should vote by ticking not more than 10 of the names listed for council positions (if more your vote would be invalid). The persons listed below have been nominated after discussions among the present Executives. They have agreed to be candidates. Other members of JOPB may be proposed to Executive and Council provided they have agreed to be candidates.Your vote, whether sent by ordinary mail, fax or e-mail should arrive at one of the addresses listed below no later than Friday, 3 August 200 I. [f you take part in the Albuquerque symposium you may hand in your vote at the registration desk when you sign in for the meeting. Only votes from members in good standing for 1998-200 I (i.e. having paid the fee for the period, or having status as member paid for by IOPB) will be valid. Members in debt for their fees will obtain an invoice from the Treasurer, and are kindly requested to pay before the start of the symposium.

Your votes should be sent to the President, Dr. Konrad Bachmann IPK Gatersleben D-06466 Gatersleben Germany or fax +49-39482-5155 or e-mailed to [email protected] and should have arrived on the 3rd of August 200 I at the latest, or be handed in during registration in Albuquerque.

Saxirraga oppositifolia

29 New Candidates: Professor, Ohio Slate University, Columbus. Also at Ohio State, Director of Herbarium Elena Conti, Switzerland 1980-95, Director of Museum of Biological B.S., University of Bologna, 1986; Ph.D., Diversity, 1991-94; Deputy Director for University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1994. Research and Collections, Los Angeles 1996-99, Assistant Professor and Herbarium County Natural History Museum, 1995-97; director, University of Alaska-Fairbanks; Professor, Head of Department of Higher 2000-, Associate Professor, University of Plant Systematics and Evolution, Director of ZUrich, Switzerland. Service: Editorial Botanical Garden, rnstitute of Botany, Board of Perspective~ in Plant Ecology, University of Vienna, I 997-presenl. Evolution, and Systematics; scientific Associate Program Director, Systematic committee of the Alpine Botanic Garden Biology Program, NSF, Washington, D.C., Chanousia; reviewer for: US National 1977-78. Secretary-Treasurer, IAPT and Science Foundation, Swiss National Science Editor-ill-Chief, Taxon, 1999-present. Asa Foundation, Systematic Botany, American Gray Award from ASPT, 1999; Gleasoll Journal of Botany, Annals of the Missouri Award from New York Botanical Garden, Botanical Garden, Arctic and Alpine 1990; Corresponding Member, Austrian Research, American Fern Journal, Telopea, Academy of Sciences, I 999-presenl. Flora, Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Published 7 books and more than 170 Societ)~ Canadian .Iournal of Botany, Plant papers. Research interests: (I) Island Systematics and Evoilition. Flora of North biology, especially in the Robinson Crusoe America, Organisms Diversity and Islands; (2) Biogeography of southern South Evoilition. Research Interests: (I) America; (3) Systematics of Compositae; Phylogeny and evolution of breeding and (4) Concepts and methods of biological systems in Primllla; (2) Phylogeny, c1a~si fication. biogeography, and floral development in an African clade of Myrtales; (3) Phylogenetic Tetsukazu Yahara, Japan relationships and genetic diversity of thc Ph.D. Kyoto Univcrsity 1983. 1983-91 rare species Saxifraga jlorulenta; (4) Research associate and Lecturer, Botanical Phylogenetic relationships and genctic Gardens and Herbarium, University of diversity of the rare Alaskan plant Oxy/ropis Tokyo; 1991-1994 associate professor, arctica val". barnabeyan(/. (There is a Profile Department of Biology, University of Tokyo of Elena Conti in the Newsletter). in Komaba; 1994- present Professor, Department of Biology, Kyushu University. J. Chris Pires, USA 1998-2000 president of the Society for the Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Madison Study of Species Biology; 2001 vice 2000. NSF-NATO Postdoctoral Research president of the Society of Evolutionary Fellow, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Studies, Japan. Editorial Board of Plant Research interests: Plant systemaiics and Species Biology (1986-) 997), .fournal of evolutionary biology: integrating molecular Evo/utionGlY Biology (1995-97), J01lrnal of systematics and molecul ar cytogenetics in Plant Research (1995-97) and Molecular the study of polyploidy. Ilistory and Ecology (1999-). Research Interests: (I) Philosophy of Biology: the role of Botany in Plant-pathogen interaction and the evolution the Evolutionary Synthesis.(There is a of sex; (2) Evolution of reproductive Profile of Chris Pi res in the Newsletter). ~ystel1ls; 3) Phylogeny and evolution of Eupatorieae (Asteraceae); 4) Conservation Tod Stuessy, Austria biology of Japanese vascular plants; 5) B.S., DePauw Universi"ty, Greencastle, Biological conservation in new campus area Lndia na, 1965; Ph. D. , University of Texas at of Kyushu University. (There is a Protile of Austin, 1968 . Postdoc Harvard University, Tet~ukazu Yahara in the Newsletter). 1971 -72. 1968-74, Assistant Professor, 1974-79, Associate Professor, 1979- 1995,

30 Ballot for Executives and Council of IOPB (International Organization of Plant Biosystematists) for the 3-year period 2001- 2004.

Cut off and send to K. Bachmann (the above address), please.

Executive (for your information, confIrmation at the Meetint)

NN (President Elect) Tim Lowry (President) Konrad Bachmann (Past President) Tommy Lennartsson (Secretaryffreasurer) Pete." Hoch (Regional Treasure." for the USA) Jan Kirschner (Editor of the Newsletter) Clive Stace (editor of Chromosome numbers)

Council (one vote each for one to ten of the candidates)

0 Randall Bayer, Australia

0 Pilar Catalan, Spain

0 Chengxin Fu, P.R. China

0 Elena Conti, Switzerland, NEW CANDIDATE

0 Jorge Crisci, Argentina

0 Elsbieta Kuta, Poland

0 .John Murray, USA

0 Hans den Nijs, The Netherlands

0 J.Chris Pires, USA, NEW CANDIDATE

0 Tod Stllessy, AlIstJ;a, NEW CANDIDATE

0 Suzanne Warwick, Canada t 0 TetsukazlI Yahara, Japan, NEW CANDIDATE

31 ..,

32 - I International Organization of Plant Biosystematists

The rnternational Organization of Plant Biosystematics, founded in 1960, acts 011 several levels from coordinatin and publishing infOlmation on biosystematics to organizing international conferences in a triennial time schedule. The IOPB is open to all persons working or interested in biosystematics which is interpreted in a broad sense. The more recent volumes from the conferences give extensive insights in the feld IOPB deals with. The IOPB Newsletter is published about twice a year and mailed to all members. It includes reports on current research, request for material and information, announcements be meetings, etc. Two pelmanent features in the Newsletter are IOPB Chromosome data News from Molecular Biosystematics. IOPB Members automatically have free publishing right of their data aJld news.

Any inquires about joining IOPB, fees, IOPB MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION Newsletter subscription etc. As well as the FORM application form should be mailed to the (Please print!) The infOimation can also be SecretaryfTreasurer sent as e-mail. Tommy Lennartsson, Dept of Conservation Biology, Last name Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, SE-7S007 UppsaJa, Sweden [email protected]

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31 34 Research News Form In capital letters or e-mail! for the International Organization of Plant Biosystematists Newsletter -JOPB Newsletter

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Title Please select three titles and add the remainder as e.g. "seven further papers"!

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Jan Kirschner Inst. of Botany Articles and reports should he allached! Academy of Sciences CZ-25243 PRUHONICE I Czech Republic [email protected]