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Production of Monatin and Monatin Precursors Herstellung Von Monatin Und Monatinvorläufer Production De Monatine Et Précurseurs De Monatine

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Production of Monatin and Monatin Precursors Herstellung Von Monatin Und Monatinvorläufer Production De Monatine Et Précurseurs De Monatine (19) TZZ ¥Z Z_T (11) EP 2 302 067 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: C12P 13/04 (2006.01) C12N 9/88 (2006.01) 05.03.2014 Bulletin 2014/10 C12N 9/10 (2006.01) C12N 1/21 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 10009952.2 (22) Date of filing: 21.10.2004 (54) Production of monatin and monatin precursors Herstellung von Monatin und Monatinvorläufer Production de monatine et précurseurs de monatine (84) Designated Contracting States: • Sanchez-Riera, Fernando A. AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR Eden Prairie, MN 55346 (US) HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR • Cameron, Douglas C. Plymouth, MN 55447 (US) (30) Priority: 21.10.2003 US 513406 P • Desouza, Mervyn L. Plymouth, MN 55441 (US) (43) Date of publication of application: • Rosazza, Jack 30.03.2011 Bulletin 2011/13 Iowa City, IA 55240 (US) • Gort, Steven J. (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in Brooklyn Center, MN 55429 (US) accordance with Art. 76 EPC: • Abraham, Timothy W. 04795689.1 / 1 678 313 Minnetonka, MN 55345 (US) (73) Proprietor: Cargill, Incorporated (74) Representative: Wibbelmann, Jobst Wayzata, MN 55391-5624 (US) Wuesthoff & Wuesthoff Patent- und Rechtsanwälte (72) Inventors: Schweigerstrasse 2 • McFarlan, Sara C. 81541 München (DE) St.Paul, MN 55116 (US) • Hicks, Paula M. (56) References cited: Bend, Oregon 97702 (US) WO-A-03/056026 WO-A-2005/016022 • Zidwick, Mary Jo WO-A-2005/020721 WO-A2-03/091396 Wayzata, MN 55391 (US) WO-A2-2005/014839 Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 2 302 067 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 2 302 067 B1 Description TECHNICAL FIELD 5 [0001] This disclosure provides methods and materials that are useful in the production of indole- 3-pyruvate, 2-hydroxy 2-(indol-3ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid and/or monatin. In particular, the invention relates to microorganisms as claimed in claims 1 and 4. BACKGROUND 10 [0002] Indole-3-pyruvate is a strong antioxidant that is believed to counter act oxidative stress in tissues with high oxygen concentrations (Politi et al. "Recent advances in Tryptophan Research", edited by G. A. Filippini et al. Plenum Press, New York, 1996, pp 291-8). Indole pyruvate also is an intermediate in a pathway to produce indole-acetic acid (IAA), the primary plant growth hormone auxin (diffusible growth promoting factor). IAA is active in submicrogram amounts 15 in a range of physiological processes including apical dominance, tropisms, shoot elongation, induction of cambial cell division, and root initiation. Synthetic auxins are used in horticulture to induce rooting and to promote the set and development of fruit. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 5,843,782 and 5,952,231. At high concentrations the synthetic auxins are effective herbicides against broad- leafed plants. Natural auxins produced by fermentation may be considered more environmentally friendly than chemically produced herbicides. Growth regulators had world sales in 1999 of 0.4 billion 20 pounds (1.4 billion U.S. dollars). In addition to plant related utilities, indole acetic acid is useful in pharmaceutical appli - cations. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,173,497 proposes the use of these compounds in the treatment of memory impairment such as that associated with Alzheimer’s disease and senile dementia. The mechanism proposed in U.S. Patent No. 5,173,497 is that these compounds inhibit acetylcholinesterase and increase acetylcholine levels in the brain. [0003] Indole-3-carbinol is produced from indole-3-acetic acid by peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation, and can easily be 25 converted into diindolylmethane. Both compounds are reported to eliminate toxins and promote the production of hor- mones beneficial to women’s health. Chlorinated D-tryptophan has been identified as a nonnutritive sweetener, and there is increasing interest in pursuing other derivatives as well. [0004] Monatin (2-hydroxy-2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-aminoglutaric acid) is a naturally- occurring, sweetener that is similar in composition to the amino acid tryptophan. It can be extracted from the bark of the roots of the South African shrub, 30 Sclerochiton ilicifolius, and has promise in the food and beverage industry as a high- intensity sweetener. Some examples of patents on monatin include: U. S. Patent Nos. 5,994,559; 4,975,298; 5,128,164; and 5,128,482. [0005] WO 2005/020721 A1, which is a document according to Art. 54(3) EPC, discloses beverage compositions comprising monatin and methods for making such compositions. It also relates to beverage compositions comprising specific monatin stereoisomers, specific blends of monatin stereoisomers, and/or monatin produced via a biosynthetic 35 pathway in vivo (e. g. inside cells) or in vitro. [0006] WO 2005/016022 A1, which is a document according to Art. 54 (3) EPC, discloses chewing gum compositions, including functional gums or bubble gum, comprising monatin and methods for making such compositions. It also relates to chewing gum compositions comprising a specific monatin stereoisomer, specific blends of monatin stereoisomers, and/or monatin produced via a biosynthetic pathway in vivo (e. g. inside cells) or in vitro. 40 [0007] WO 2005/014839 A2, which is a document according to Art. 54(3) EPC, discloses sweetener compositions comprising monatin and methods for making such compositions. It also relates to sweetener compositions comprising specific monatin stereoisomers, specific blends of monatin stereoisomers, and/or monatin produced via a biosynthetic pathway in vivo (e. g. inside cells) or in vitro. [0008] WO 03/091396 A2 discloses polypeptides and biosynthetic pathways that are useful in the production of indole- 45 3-pyruvate, 2-hydroxy 2- (indol-3ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid (MP) and/or monatin. SUMMARY [0009] The present invention involves monatin (2-hydroxy-2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-aminoglutaric acid-also known as 4- 50 amino-2-hydroxy-2-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-pentanedioic acid, or alternatively, based on an alternate numbering system, 4-hydroxy-4-(3-indolylmethyl) glutamic acid), a compound having the formula: 55 2 EP 2 302 067 B1 5 10 Monatin also has the following chemical names: 3-(1- amino-1,3-dicarboxy-3-hydroxy-but-4-yl)-indole; 4-(indole-3-ylme- thyl)-4-hydroxy-glutamic acid; and 3-(1-amino-1,3-dicarboxy-3-hydroxybutane-4-yl)-indole. [0010] Monatin is a naturally-occurring, high intensity sweetener. Monatin has four stereoisomeric forms: 2R, 4R (the "R,R stereoisomer" or "R, R monatin"), 2S, 4S (the "S, S stereoisomer" or "S, S monatin"), 2R, 4S (the "R, S stereoisomer" or "R,S monatin"), and 2S, 4R (the "S,R stereoisomer" or "S,R monatin"). As used herein, unless stated otherwise, 15 "monatin" refers to all four stereoisomers of monatin, as well as any blends of any combination ofmonatin stereoisomers (e.g., a blend of the R,R and S,S, stereoisomers of monatin). [0011] The description is based, in part, on the identification of several biosynthetic routes for making monatin from glucose, tryptophan, indole-3-lactic acid, and/or through intermediates such as indole-3-pyruvate and 2-hydroxy 2-(in- dole-3-ylmethyl)-4-keto glutaric acid (the monatin precursor, MP, the alpha-keto form of monatin). Polypeptides and 20 nucleic acid sequences that can be used to make monatin, indole- 3-pyruvate, and MP are disclosed. Because the organic synthesis of monatin requires the resolution of isomers, a biochemical route that can utilize inexpensive raw materials and that can produce only one isomer may be more economically advantageous. [0012] Monatin can be produced through indole- 3-pyruvate, MP, indole-3-lactic acid, tryptophan, and/or glucose (FIG. 1). Methods of producing or making monatin or its intermediates shown in FIGS. 1-3 and 11-13 involve converting a 25 substrate to a first product, and then converting the first product to a second product, and so on, until the desired end product is created, are disclosed. [0013] FIGS. 1-3 and 11-13 show potential intermediate products and end products in boxes. For example, a conversion from one product to another, such as glucose to tryptophan, tryptophan to indole- 3-pyruvate, indole-3-pyruvate to MP, MP to monatin, or indole- 3-lactic acid (indole-lactate) to indole-3-pyruvate, can be performed by using the methods and 30 materials provided herein. These conversions can be facilitated either chemically or biologically. The term "convert" refers to the use of either chemical means or polypeptides in a reaction which changes one product (e.g., a first inter- mediate) to another product (e.g., a second intermediate). The term "chemical conversion" refers to reactions that are not actively facilitated by polypeptides. The term "biological conversion" refers to reactions that are actively facilitated by polypeptides. Conversions can take place in vivo or in vitro. When biological conversions are used, the polypeptides 35 and/or cells can be immobilized on supports such as by chemical attachment on polymer supports. The conversion can be accomplished using any reactor known to one of ordinary skill in the art, for example in a batch or a continuous reactor. [0014] Methods are also disclosed that include contacting a first polypeptide with a substrate and making a first product, and then contacting the first product created with a second polypeptide and creating a second product, and then contacting the second product created with a third polypeptide and creating a third product, for example monatin.
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