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The concept was the brainchild of Hellmuth Walter, an exceptional German engineer, who first presented it to the Kriegsmarine in A standard U- boat electric-drive system used storage batteries to power motors when the sub was underwater, but battery capacity limited its speed and range. Walter reasoned that a submarine with a streamlined hull, driven by a hydrogen peroxide-fueled turbine, could power well past those limits. Heated hydrogen peroxide would generate steam, which would spin turbines connected directly to the propellers. The result would be much higher speeds and endurance that could be measured in days, not minutes. Promising experimental versions were already in the works. During trials of prototype V in , the foot sub hit speeds of 28 knots submerged—nearly four times faster than standard U-boats. In January the Kriegsmarine contracted the construction of four small Walter coastal patrol subs. Their keels were laid down that September. The admiral asked the professor how long it would take to build a full-size, ocean-going Walter Boat. Walter had disappointing news: the four small submarines were still months away from launching; a big U-boat would take years. But a pair of German navy construction experts in attendance saw a quicker way to build a more capable submarine. Forget hydrogen peroxide, they told the admiral. Keep the streamlined form, use a conventional diesel and electric power plant, and fill the bottom hull with three times as many storage batteries as in standard U-boats, giving the new submarine a considerable increase in underwater endurance. National Archives. With its hydrodynamically smooth hull—bereft of deck guns, anchors, cleats, and other protuberances—and a huge battery array in the lower hold that provided current to a pair of powerful electric motors, the Type XXI Elektroboot would have a submerged speed of nearly 18 knots—a rate it could maintain for over 90 minutes. By contrast, the highest speed an American fleet submarine could run underwater was less than nine knots for about an hour. When the admiral was satisfied with the design, he asked his Construction Branch how long it would take to get the Type XXI operational. Building the prototypes would take at least a year and a half, and debugging, a similar span. That meant serial manufacturing could not commence before late And that meant the new submarine would not be battle-ready before the end of By early Britain and the United States had become so proficient at finding and sinking enemy submarines that they were setting records: in May , they destroyed 45 U-boats—five on May 6 alone. The Kriegsmarine could not sustain such losses; its shipyards could replace only 26 submarines a month. But he needed dozens of them in service —yesterday. Luc Braeuer via Schiffer Books. The ministry called for skipping the prototype phase and going straight to building war boats—a risky path. To further speed things up, the Type XXIs were to be built from eight prefabricated hull sections. Loved the interaction of Romana and the doctor in this audio. Feb 23, Shaun Collins rated it really liked it. A fun story with the 4th Doctor, Romana and K9. A few weaker plot moments, but still enjoyable. For a full review, visit www. Feb 09, Jon Arnold rated it liked it Shelves: audiobooks , doctor-who. Like the earlier Laan stories this is a pretty straightforward tale enlivened by a fascinating alien lifeform. Dec 25, Aidan rated it really liked it Shelves: audioplays , doctor-who. An inventive, creative outing for the Fourth Doctor and Romana that finds inspiration in one of the most underutilized settings - the depths of the ocean. Morris does not rely solely on the setting to deliver interest - he crafts one of the more intriguing alien lifeforms in recent years for the Doctor to encounter and try to understand. The result is a story that has a strong, unique identity and that never exhausts its welcome. May 10, Mel rated it it was amazing Shelves: audio- book. I throughly enjoyed this, without a doubt my favourite of the Tom Baker and Mary Tamm audios so far. The story felt quite different but managed to be spooky and was easy to visualise as an episode. Alice Krige was wonderful As always. K9 was brilliant! There were cool hyper- intelligent squid. Definitely recommended! Oct 08, Luiz Santiago rated it really liked it Shelves: audiodramas , doctor-who. Oct 28, Christopher Buchanan rated it really liked it Shelves: big-finish-4th-doctor-adventures , doctor-who. Very original, entertaining and moist. Jun 22, Richard Noble rated it it was amazing Shelves: audio-books , read-in Aug 25, Debra Cook rated it liked it Shelves: audiobooks. The Doctor and Romana help an expedition figure out why they are having accidents. Jun 05, Steven rated it liked it Shelves: doctor-who , plays , british. Fun adventure in the deep blue sea with Tom and some intelligent alien phantoms and vampire squid. Governor of Varos rated it it was amazing Jan 14, John Keegan rated it really liked it Jul 31, Joey Johnson rated it really liked it Mar 19, Paul rated it really liked it Jun 24, Mark rated it liked it Jun 08, Kelly Cassidy rated it liked it Dec 25, Robin Stuart rated it liked it Feb 01, Mcgoogin rated it really liked it Dec 18, Charles Mitchell rated it it was amazing Sep 26, Ryan rated it liked it May 13, Mac Mathghamhna rated it did not like it Dec 08, Claire rated it really liked it Jun 13, Michal Zinowko rated it it was ok Apr 13, Joanna rated it liked it Dec 06, When he thinks Romana is dead he curses himself for ever letting her get involved with an inveterate old trouble maker like him. The Doctor takes great exception to K. Posh Girl: One day Romana intends to write a thesis on the Doctor, in particular exploring his levels of sanity. When Romana attempts to resuscitate the Doctor she asks that he surely wont do anything as mundane as dying. I really like the idea of an underwater adventure and since Warriors of the Deep and I would argue Cold War too failed to capture the claustrophobia of such a location it is still wide open for Morris to exploit. Super intelligent squid capable of communicating through symbolic logic, a pleasing concept given that we have barely explored the depths of the ocean and there could be anything in existence down there. Discovering a derelict submarine under the water excites me because by exploring its rusting interior the Doctor is potentially looking into what the future holds for the crew of the Erebus. The phantoms of the ocean are an illusion, created by an alien spacecraft nestled on the seabed. The submariners are being tested for their psychic potential, just as the squid were and their brain power is being massively increased. It was built to reconstruct a race memory of a long extinct race, programmed to find the most intelligent species and increase their mental capacities to a point where they can be used as receptacles. The phantoms are the ghosts of species that built the ship, whispering in their minds. The spacecraft gave Jack the power of telekinesis and kept him alive for over a years. With his powers his fears can become a reality and could potentially tear the Erebus apart. Audio Landscape: Underneath the sea, bubbling waves rolling past, sonar scanner, the Erebus churning through the water, along the sea bed, a robotic claw grabbing hold of the TARDIS, the creaking hull as the pressure drops, water dripping, K. Perhaps if each release was three episodes long we would get ample time to explore both narrative and character with equal depth. There is something very dramatic about the way that Gerald Blake shoots the metal dog up close and personal that makes him appear alien and unknowing. Jonathan Morris taps into that sense of menace with his excellent cliffhanger, K. The Curse of Oak Island S 3 E 8 | Phantoms of the Deep | F E - Vidéo Dailymotion The result would be much higher speeds and endurance that could be measured in days, not minutes. Promising experimental versions were already in the works. During trials of prototype V in , the foot sub hit speeds of 28 knots submerged—nearly four times faster than standard U- boats. In January the Kriegsmarine contracted the construction of four small Walter coastal patrol subs. Their keels were laid down that September. The admiral asked the professor how long it would take to build a full-size, ocean-going Walter Boat. Walter had disappointing news: the four small submarines were still months away from launching; a big U-boat would take years. But a pair of German navy construction experts in attendance saw a quicker way to build a more capable submarine. Forget hydrogen peroxide, they told the admiral. Keep the streamlined form, use a conventional diesel and electric power plant, and fill the bottom hull with three times as many storage batteries as in standard U-boats, giving the new submarine a considerable increase in underwater endurance. National Archives. With its hydrodynamically smooth hull—bereft of deck guns, anchors, cleats, and other protuberances—and a huge battery array in the lower hold that provided current to a pair of powerful electric motors, the Type XXI Elektroboot would have a submerged speed of nearly 18 knots—a rate it could maintain for over 90 minutes. By contrast, the highest speed an American fleet submarine could run underwater was less than nine knots for about an hour. When the admiral was satisfied with the design, he asked his Construction Branch how long it would take to get the Type XXI operational. Building the prototypes would take at least a year and a half, and debugging, a similar span. That meant serial manufacturing could not commence before late And that meant the new submarine would not be battle-ready before the end of By early Britain and the United States had become so proficient at finding and sinking enemy submarines that they were setting records: in May , they destroyed 45 U-boats—five on May 6 alone. The Kriegsmarine could not sustain such losses; its shipyards could replace only 26 submarines a month. But he needed dozens of them in service —yesterday. Luc Braeuer via Schiffer Books. The ministry called for skipping the prototype phase and going straight to building war boats—a risky path. To further speed things up, the Type XXIs were to be built from eight prefabricated hull sections. American shipbuilders had employed that method with great success in the construction of simple vessels like Liberty ships and tankers. No one had ever tried the technique for building something as complex as a submarine. The sections, each weighing 70 to tons, were to be manufactured at 32 different inland factories and barged to the yards for final assembly. Even with technical assistance from the Kriegsmarine, the process did not go smoothly. Be among the first to hear about exclusive offers, news and latest releases from Big Finish by signing up to our Newsletter. We love Stories Big Finish produce great full-cast audio drama for CD and download, featuring many popular television fantasy series. Written by Jonathan Morris. Starring Tom Baker Mary Tamm. On their mission to explore the Mariana Trench at the very bottom of the ocean, the deepest and most inhospitable place on Earth, the crew of the deep sea vehicle Erebus make an unusual and startling discovery. Visit our What to Watch page. Sign In. Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Full Cast and Crew. Release Dates. Official Sites. Company Credits. Technical Specs. Plot Summary. Plot Keywords. Parents Guide. External Sites. User Reviews. User Ratings. External Reviews. Metacritic Reviews. Phantom of the Deep: Germany's Underwater Wonder Weapon

Technical Specs. Plot Summary. Plot Keywords. Parents Guide. External Sites. User Reviews. User Ratings. External Reviews. Metacritic Reviews. Photo Gallery. Trailers and Videos. Crazy Credits. Alternate Versions. The Curse of Oak Island —. Rate This. Season 3 Episode 8. All Episodes The brothers searching the surrounding waters for new clues and evidences. Could it be that they found the missing piece underwater? Writers: Kevin Burns , Joe Lessard. Star: Robert Clotworthy. Added to Watchlist. Halloween Movies for the Whole Family. The Curse of Oak Island. TV story Warriors of the Deep , for example, is largely set on an In he year , a scientific exploration submarine descends into the Mariana Trench, and, after picking up the Doctor and Romana en route , discovers an impossible undersea environment that soon proves deadly. TV story Warriors of the Deep , for example, is largely set on an underwater base, and much of it would probably work as well if the base were on, say, the moon with an appropriate change to the monsters, obviously. Here, the fact that we're on Earth, in an environment full of life yet barely ever visited by humans, is a key element of the plot, and there are plenty of scenes involving swimming or deep-sea creatures that would be difficult to carry off on TV. Unusually, the alien threat at the core of the story is never named - one character refers to them as "goblins", but the others seem to reject that name - and, is for the most part, a shadowy presence. It's also unusual that K9 gets to do more than Romana, having a key role in the story, while she is somewhat sidelined. Having said which, the half- way cliffhanger in which she faces apparently certain death is a particularly strong one. There are a few plot holes here and there, but the exotic setting and the odd nature of the aliens more than make up for that. There are also good performances from the supporting cast, notably Alice Krige who played the Borg Queen in Star Trek , among other roles as the expedition leader. Like many of the Fourth Doctor audio adventures, it feels a little short, but it is, nonetheless, one of the better ones. Jul 14, Sidney McKidney rated it liked it. This was alright. There were squid. May 13, April Mccaffrey rated it liked it. Very 20, leagues under the sea vibes and the story was great. Loved the interaction of Romana and the doctor in this audio. Feb 23, Shaun Collins rated it really liked it. A fun story with the 4th Doctor, Romana and K9. A few weaker plot moments, but still enjoyable. For a full review, visit www. Feb 09, Jon Arnold rated it liked it Shelves: audiobooks , doctor-who. Like the earlier Laan stories this is a pretty straightforward tale enlivened by a fascinating alien lifeform. Dec 25, Aidan rated it really liked it Shelves: audioplays , doctor-who. An inventive, creative outing for the Fourth Doctor and Romana that finds inspiration in one of the most underutilized settings - the depths of the ocean. Morris does not rely solely on the setting to deliver interest - he crafts one of the more intriguing alien lifeforms in recent years for the Doctor to encounter and try to understand. The result is a story that has a strong, unique identity and that never exhausts its welcome. May 10, Mel rated it it was amazing Shelves: audio-book. I throughly enjoyed this, without a doubt my favourite of the Tom Baker and Mary Tamm audios so far. The story felt quite different but managed to be spooky and was easy to visualise as an episode. Alice Krige was wonderful As always. K9 was brilliant! There were cool hyper-intelligent squid. Definitely recommended! Oct 08, Luiz Santiago rated it really liked it Shelves: audiodramas , doctor-who. Oct 28, Christopher Buchanan rated it really liked it Shelves: big-finish-4th-doctor-adventures , doctor-who. Very original, entertaining and moist. Jun 22, Richard Noble rated it it was amazing Shelves: audio-books , read-in Aug 25, Debra Cook rated it liked it Shelves: audiobooks. The Doctor and Romana help an expedition figure out why they are having accidents. Jun 05, Steven rated it liked it Shelves: doctor- who , plays , british. Fun adventure in the deep blue sea with Tom and some intelligent alien phantoms and vampire squid. Governor of Varos rated it it was amazing Jan 14, John Keegan rated it really liked it Jul 31, Joey Johnson rated it really liked it Mar 19, Paul rated it really liked it Jun 24, Mark rated it liked it Jun 08, Kelly Cassidy rated it liked it Dec 25, Robin Stuart rated it liked it Feb 01, Mcgoogin rated it really liked it Dec 18, Charles Mitchell rated it it was amazing Sep 26, Ryan rated it liked it May 13, Mac Mathghamhna rated it did not like it Dec 08, Claire rated it really liked it Jun 13, Michal Zinowko rated it it was ok Apr 13, Joanna rated it liked it Dec 06, Alliterative rated it it was amazing May 11, Mr PM Diment rated it it was amazing Oct 03, Tony Kornkven rated it it was amazing Apr 27, There are no discussion topics on this book yet. Readers also enjoyed. Science Fiction.

Phantoms of the Deep

It is here that these stingrays--the only ones in North America able to live their entire lives in fresh water--glide out of sight. Although common in every ocean, rays--all or so known species--have attracted scant attention even from scientists. Their notorious shark cousins have stolen much of the limelight. Rays belong to the group of fish known as elasmobranchs because their skeletons are made of cartilage, not bone. Evolving from their shark forebears some million years ago, rays have radically flattened, disc-shaped bodies and extremely wide pectoral fins that form broad "wings" used for propulsion. The largest rays--the manta rays, found in tropical areas throughout the world--boast wingspans of more than 22 feet and weigh a ton. Shaped like Stealth aircraft, the animals soar through the ocean with tremendous speed, grace and dexterity. Most, but not all, rays defend themselves with a sharp, toxin-laced spine near the base of the tail. Some species can also deter predators and stun prey by generating powerful electric shocks. Resembling rays in body is another group of elasmobranchs called skates. More than two dozen species are capable of surviving their life cycles in fresh water. At the extreme, several ray species in the Amazon River Basin have become so rigidly adapted to river life that they cannot survive salt water. Other rays, including the Atlantic stingrays of the St. Johns River--with their modest two-foot wingspans--demonstrate a remarkable tolerance for variations in salinity. Johns River live year-round in fresh water. Scientists believe that these rays travel infrequently, if ever, between river and ocean. Nonetheless, individuals taken from the river and placed in salt water--or vice versa--can quickly adapt and survive. Meanwhile, it reduces the concentration of its body fluids to minimize the osmotic flow into its body. Using this strategy, the creature can quickly acclimate to salty waters. Certain other fish, such as salmon that travel from the ocean to streams for spawning, are genetically programmed to undergo physiological adaptation to fresh water as they approach reproductive age, regardless of whether they actually enter fresh water. But the Atlantic stingray can transform at any age in response to its environment. Johns River system. Various oceanic fish can be found in surrounding lakes, while gobies, pipefish and killifish are among the residents of the upstream reaches. Even another ray species--the southern stingray--has been reported as a rare transient. But the Atlantic stingray maintains a permanent, self-sustaining presence in the St. Johns River. Although exact numbers are unknown, the animals are quite abundant. The Atlantic stingray and other rays can detect prey more than six feet away by using an elaborate system of electroreceptors on the undersides of their heads, called ampullae of Lorenzini. Such capabilities are especially handy in murky waters near the river bottom or ocean floor and enable the rays to find hidden prey buried in muddy sediments. In the St. Johns River, adult stingrays themselves probably face few predators, apart from the occasional alligator. Also, because of their small size, Atlantic stingrays are rarely a target of recreational anglers. Nevertheless, the stingrays of the St. Johns River, like other wildlife in this river system, do face health risks from water pollution and habitat degradation. They are also trying to determine whether stingrays are experiencing reproductive problems. Johns River ecosystem as a whole," says Gelsleichter. Unlike the stingrays in the St. Johns River, marine stingrays face much higher rates of predation. In the ocean, bottlenose dolphins reportedly prey on rays from time to time. When pursued, rays have been known to launch themselves well above the sea surface, like flying fish, to elude their attackers below. The stinger itself is a bonelike spine, often several inches long, located near the base of the tail. When threatened, a ray reflexively whips its tail to stab the aggressor and releases a toxin into the wound. But while the sting offers protection against natural predators, rays are almost never aggressive toward humans. The defensive stinging action is usually triggered by a swimmer inadvertently stepping on a ray or a fisher attempting to remove one from a hook. Recovery time varies depending on the person and severity of the injury. Although some victims heal quickly, infection is a risk, causing others to become incapacitated for months by tissue necrosis. Ray stings are quite common among water enthusiasts on the Florida coast and in other stingray-rich locales. National Archives. With its hydrodynamically smooth hull—bereft of deck guns, anchors, cleats, and other protuberances—and a huge battery array in the lower hold that provided current to a pair of powerful electric motors, the Type XXI Elektroboot would have a submerged speed of nearly 18 knots—a rate it could maintain for over 90 minutes. By contrast, the highest speed an American fleet submarine could run underwater was less than nine knots for about an hour. When the admiral was satisfied with the design, he asked his Construction Branch how long it would take to get the Type XXI operational. Building the prototypes would take at least a year and a half, and debugging, a similar span. That meant serial manufacturing could not commence before late And that meant the new submarine would not be battle-ready before the end of By early Britain and the United States had become so proficient at finding and sinking enemy submarines that they were setting records: in May , they destroyed 45 U-boats—five on May 6 alone. The Kriegsmarine could not sustain such losses; its shipyards could replace only 26 submarines a month. But he needed dozens of them in service—yesterday. Luc Braeuer via Schiffer Books. The ministry called for skipping the prototype phase and going straight to building war boats—a risky path. To further speed things up, the Type XXIs were to be built from eight prefabricated hull sections. American shipbuilders had employed that method with great success in the construction of simple vessels like Liberty ships and tankers. No one had ever tried the technique for building something as complex as a submarine. The sections, each weighing 70 to tons, were to be manufactured at 32 different inland factories and barged to the yards for final assembly. Even with technical assistance from the Kriegsmarine, the process did not go smoothly. Precision was paramount: because of the tremendous pressures underwater, it was imperative that the sections fit together perfectly with near-zero tolerances. But at the final assembly yards, workers discovered gaps of as much as three centimeters—over an inch. Some of the workmanship was downright shoddy—bad welds that could prove fatal during deep dives. As each boat went through its trials, all sorts of defects showed up: in the engine superchargers, in the steering mechanism, in the advanced torpedo-loading system, in the snorkel. It may have taken only days to build an Elektroboot, but it took another days to repair all the deficiencies. It was a time-consuming effort when the Germans had no time to waste. The boat suffered mechanical problems en route, and it was not until April 30 that U set out from Bergen, Norway, to battle the British. It detected him, but he escaped using his superior submerged speed. Everett H. The image of the foot warship loomed in the viewfinder. It was a perfect setup; the U-boat could not miss. Instead, Schnee broke off his approach, turned tail, and crept silently away. The Norfolk was awfully lucky that day—and Schnee must have been frustrated. Schnee returned to Bergen the next day to await the inevitable. And that was that. In the final week of the war, the Kriegsmarine scuttled 81 Elektroboots. Allied powers all clamored to take one home. They divvied up the best of the surviving boats: one to France, two to Britain, four to the Soviet Union, two to the United States. In August U and U were transferred to the U. An American crew—assisted by a few German ex-Type XXI sailors to translate the labels on the dials, valves, switches, and knobs—sailed the pair to the sub base at New London, Connecticut, for technical evaluation. The next phase was to see what the boats could do at sea, above and below the surface. A graduate of the U. His mission was to discover its true fighting capabilities.

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