The Shrinking Space for Civil Society Philanthropic Perspectives from Across the Globe
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the shrinking space for civil society philanthropic perspectives from across the globe democracy civic rights operating environments EFC POLICY AND PROGRAMMES the shrinking space for civil society philanthropic perspectives from across the globe democracy civic rights operating environments EFC POLICY AND PROGRAMMES Contents \ \ Foreword - Pushing back against the shrinking space for civil society 02 Ewa Kulik-Bielińska, Stefan Batory Foundation \ \ Challenges for civil society in Latin America 04 Sean McKaughan, Fundación Avina \ \ Appealing to the enlightened self-interest of partners to reinforce civil society 07 Adam Pickering, Charities Aid Foundation \ Ensuring grantees’ resilience 12 Emily Martinez and Iva Dobichina, Open Society Foundations \ \ Enabling philanthropy across Europe 16 Ludwig Forrest, King Baudouin Foundation \ \ The shrinking space for civil society - The case of Russia 18 Joachim Rogall and Atje Drexler, Robert Bosch Stiftung \\ A letter from an African foundation in 2064 22 Bhekinkosi Moyo, Southern Africa Trust \ \ Palliative or catalyst? Defending the space for civil society 24 Vinit Rishi, Oak Foundation \ \ From dissidents’ democracy to grass-roots democracy - Countering the notion of 28 the closing space of civil society Haki Abazi, Rockefeller Brothers Fund \ \ Civil society in Greece - The stretching and maturing of the non-profit sector 32 Dimitrios Vlastos, Bodossaki Foundation \ \ The shrinking space for civil society 36 Nick Perks, Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust \ \ Civil society in France - Rising constraints and new opportunities 38 Frédéric Théret, Fondation de France \ \ Navigating our new normal 40 Martín Abregú and Hilary Pennington, Ford Foundation \ \ The space for civil society is big enough - If we push for it! 42 Boudewijn de Blij, Fonds 1818 \ \ Closing space for civil society creates new challenges for international grantmakers 44 Mary A. Gailbreath, Charles Stewart Mott Foundation 01 Foreword Pushing back against the shrinking space for civil society Ewa Kulik-Bielińska, Executive Director, Stefan Batory Foundation and Chair of the European Foundation Centre landscape on developments important to The shrinking space for our members in an effort to contribute civil society and reported intelligence and capture the experience of foundations to make sense of the violations of fundamental increasingly complex and interconnected and democratic rights are world in which we all live. a global phenomenon. Rather than providing an empirical study, we felt that first-hand accounts Foundations have from foundations operating in affected reported problematic countries would give us a better understanding of the nature of the laws in Algeria, China, shrinking space problem and offer Columbia, Egypt, fresh ideas on possible ways out. These clues and forecasting from foundations Ethiopia, India, Russia, are particularly valuable as these Syria and Zimbabwe, just organisations, due to their funding practice and policy work, are often ahead to name a few. of the curve in terms of what’s happening on the ground. And EU countries are hardly immune. As highlighted in these pages, government Of serious concern have been ongoing motivations for restricting civic space challenges to civic rights in Hungary, UK differ: national security arguments and surveillance programmes, anti-protest a focus on counterterrorism policies; laws in Spain, counterterrorism measures economic interests; fear of a strong civil in France, and attacks in my own country, society; and “aid effectiveness” arguments Poland, on the freedom of public media by recipient governments of development and the independence of the judiciary. aid are some of the motivations that have been identified. National sovereignty To add insight to this critical issue, we arguments are also used specifically to asked a group of EFC members working control or block foreign funding. across the globe to share their thoughts on and experience of the shrinking Fuelling the problem in some countries is space for civil society. This publication the sense among citizens of disappointment signals the EFC’s ambition to scan the with inept governments which cannot Ewa Kulik-Bielińska has been the Bielińska was also the initiator and Executive Director of the Stefan founder of the Polish Donors Forum Batory Foundation since 2010 where she served as Chair for two Boudewijn de Blij (1954) appointed Managing Director of and EFC Chair since 2014. A concurrent terms, and is currently studied industrial engineering Fonds 1818, an endowed foundation journalist and social activist, she a member of the Working Group at at the Eindhoven University of in The Hague region of the has become a leader of advocacy the Chancellery of the President of Technology (MSc in 1978). In 1983, Netherlands. efforts to create an enabling legal Poland’s task force on an enabling he started working for the Labour environment for philanthropy in fiscal and legal environment. She Party (PvdA) in the Lower House of As well as working for Fonds 1818, Poland and Europe. She has been has also been honoured with the the Dutch Parliament. He resigned Mr. De Blij is also a Member of the involved in drafting the Law of medal of the Minister of Education, from his position as Staff Director Board of Stadsherstel Den Haag, Public Benefit and Volunteerism, the Minister of Culture’s award for of the Labour Party Group in 1995. Chairman of the Program Board of the Public Collection Law and promotion of free speech and the He subsequently took positions as The Hague FM, and Member of the developing recommendations for Order of Poland Restored. Managing Director of the Dutch Board of Statenkwartier Energy. reform of foundation law and law Foundation for Smoking and He is married to Marjan Engels and on associations in Poland. Ms Kulik- Health, and of the Netherlands is the father of two sons (30 and Heart Foundation. In 2006, he was 29). He lives in The Hague. deliver the promise of democracy and solve economic problems. How can we counter And it’s not just governments that are to blame. Self-censorship combined these worrying trends with a lack of courage on the part of NGOs and foundations, especially in and what role can Europe, is causing them to assume that they cannot act when in fact they can. In foundations play in this way we are shrinking our own space, doing serious damage to the agency and this scenario? From self-confidence of our sector. But how can we counter these worrying strengthening trends and what role can foundations play in this scenario? From strengthening counter-narratives counter-narratives to developing more resilience, much can be done. A guide to developing recently published by Ariadne, the EFC and IHRFG (International Human Rights Funders Group) lists seven levers that more resilience, foundations can use to make a difference: “Challenging the closing space for civil much can be society – A practical starting point for funders”, offers a practical complement to done. the perspectives in this publication, and is available on the EFC website. The EFC encourages foundations and other philanthropic organisations to work collaboratively with each other and with other stakeholders to further strengthen the case for an enabling environment for civil society. And, not least, to have the courage to act. The shrinking space for civil society civil society for shrinking space The 03 Challenges for civil society in Latin America Sean McKaughan, Board Chair, Fundación Avina Authoritarian progressivism - The majority The degree to which civil of Latin American countries saw democracy society can express itself emerge following military dictatorships that restricted human rights across the and act freely is a good board. Speaking broadly, since the 1980s indicator of democratic democratic governments of different ideological orientations have taken their consolidation. When that turn in power. In the 1990s and early 2000s, action space is restricted, centre-right administrations tolerated but largely ignored civic organisations democracy is restricted. and maintained checks on the access of Avina operates in 21 social movements to public spaces. In the last decade, several left of centre and or countries in Latin America, populist governments emerged from civil and although it is a diverse society to take power democratically with a progressive agenda. Unfortunately, the region, many countries are expected golden era for civil society in seeing a growing number these countries has not materialised, as some of these governments implemented of obstacles that hamper progressive public policies by adopting authoritarian practices and eliminating civil society organisations democratic checks and balances. Wrapped in and social movements. the mantel of progressive objectives, some governments operate with impunity and Some of these obstacles are historical, limit government access to a small group but others stem from new practices or of carefully chosen friends and supporters. democratic erosion seen in recent years. This approach has significantly curtailed the This occurs in a context of generally weak ability of civil society in these countries to public institutions and official resistance to maintain its influence, access and dialogue the adoption of participatory tools other with government. than elections. State monopoly - Governments that claim to Current restrictive practices toward social lead the social agenda often ignore or even organisations and an independent civil society