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Lundiana 10-1.P65 ISSN 1676-6180 10 - 1 JANUARY/JUNE - 2009 Lundiana PUBLISHED BY THE COMMITTEE FOR TAXONOMIC COLLECTIONS, INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS. SUPPORTED BY FUNDAÇÃO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PESQUISA - FUNDEP, PRO-REITORIA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO/UFMG AND SOCIEDADE DE BIOLOGIA DE MINAS GERAIS. BELO HORIZONTE BIANNUAL Lundiana Belo Horizonte v.10 n.1 pp. 1-80 jan/jun 2009 1 Editor-in-Chief Fernando A. Silveira Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), BR Editorial Board Alexandre Salino Marcos Callisto Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Ângelo B. M. Machado Mario B. Figueiredo Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Instituto Biológico, BR Arturo Roig-Alsina Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, AR Universidade de São Paulo, BR Ary Corrêa Jr. Mônica Lopes-Ruf Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Universidad Nacional de La Plata, AR Cástor Cartelle Guerra Nico Nieser Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Tiel, NL Delir C. G. Maués-Freire Ping Ping Chen Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, BR National Natural History Museum Naturalis, NL Francisco R. Barbosa Pedro M. Linardi Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Geraldo W. Fernandes Rogério P. Martins Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Gustavo A. B. Fonseca Sérgio D. J. Pena Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Jacques R. Nicoli Silvana C. Thiengo Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, BR Jorge A. Dergam dos Santos Sílvia A. Mazzucconi Universidade Federal de Viçosa, BR Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, AR José C. Motta Jr. Timothy P. Craig Universidade de São Paulo, BR University of Minnesota, USA José C. Nogueira Thomas Brooks Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BR Conservation International, USA Lileia Diotauti William W. Thomas Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, BR New York Botanical Garden, USA Marc A. Lachance Wiliam Ronald Heyer University of Western Ontario, CA Smithsonian institution, USA Articles published in Lundiana are abstracted and/or indexed in: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts), BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Index to American Botanical Literature (New York Botanical Garden), Kew Record (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), Geobase (Elsevier), SCOPUS (Elsevier), Google Scholar and Zoological Record. Lundiana / published by the Committee for Taxonomic Collections, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Fede- ral de Minas Gerais. - Belo Horizonte : O Comitê, 1980 - v. : il. ; 28 cm. Irregular: 1980-1982. Interrupted: 1982-2001. Bi-annual: From 2002 on. The first publications of Lundiana - number 1 (December 1980) and number 2 (December 1982) - had no volumes. From 2002 on, Lundiana is published in volumes (one per year). International Journal of Ornithology (ISSN 1519-888X) – last issue: vol. 4, n. 3/4 (2001); and Tangara (ISSN 1518-1723) – last issue vol. 1, n. 4 (2001) were incorporated to Lundiana in volume 4, number 1. ISSN 1676-6180 1. Biodiversity - Conservation. 2. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. CDU: 502.74 2 Lundiana 10(1):3-10, 2009 © 2011 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - UFMG ISSN 1676-6180 Fitossociologia em sub-bosque de Eucalyptus paniculata Smith da Lagoa do Piauzinho, Ipaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil Leonardo C. Resende1 & Fernando A. Ferreira2 1 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627; 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual do Paraná; Av. Colombo, 5790, PEA, Bloco G90, Jardim Universitário; 87020-590 Maringá, PR, Brasil. Abstract Phytossociology in the understory of wood of Eucalyptus paniculata Smith at Lagoa do Piauzinho, Ipaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Eucalyptus is a common element in the landscapes of southeastern Brazil, with economic and forestry value, and is also the target of several controversies. In this study, floristic and phytosociologic parameters are described for the understory of an Eucalyptus paniculata wood located at La- goa do Piauzinho, municipality of Ipaba, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Sampling was done between April and May 2006, for the analysis of floristic composition, species aggregation, and horizontal, diametric and vertical structure. One hundred and one individuals belonging to 22 species of 16 families were sampled in two parcels. The most abundant species were Apuleia leiocarpa, Lecythis lurida and Casearia sp. 2. The floristic diversity of the area was low compared to those found in other similar studies. The E. paniculata wood offered adequate conditions for the development of the different successional stages, with some late- succession species starting to appear and to colonize the understory. Keywords: floristic composition, horizontal structure, succession, sylviculture, vertical structure Introdução florestais exóticas e comunidades florestais nativas ajuda a elucidar questões biológicas, conservacionistas e econômicas A Mata Atlântica é um dos cinco biomas mais importantes importantes (Sartori et al., 2002). do mundo, apresentando elevada diversidade de espécies da No que diz respeito à sucessão, Silva Júnior et al. (1995) flora e fauna, muitas das quais endêmicas e fortemente argumentaram que espécies de Eucalyptus podem desenvolver o ameaçadas de extinção (Mittermeier et al., 2005). Este bioma papel de pioneiras e, dessa forma, contribuir para o tem sido alterado e fragmentado pela implantação de pastagens, desenvolvimento dos estádios sucessionais avançados da floresta agricultura, silvicultura, mineração e outras atividades nativa, produzindo sombra para espécies ombrófilas, que não se econômicas (Araújo, 2000), que acabam levando à perda de desenvolvem sob incidência direta de luz. Entretanto, muitas hábitats e, consequentemente, de biodiversidade (Scariot et al., críticas são dirigidas aos eucaliptais, dificultando a conciliação 2003). Na região Sudeste, sobretudo em Minas Gerais, o entre as partes interessadas em preservar a floresta nativa e as eucalipto é um dos protagonistas destas alterações da paisagem partes interessadas em explorá-la. Segundo Lima (1996), a (Araújo, 2000). regeneração deficiente em sub-bosques de eucaliptos pode ter Neste contexto, é importante conhecer os processos duas causas: competição voraz entre as espécies por água, dinâmicos e sucessionais de uma dada área, visto que as nutrientes, luz ou outros recursos do ambiente; ou a existência alterações ou distúrbios sofridos ao longo do tempo influenciam de efeito alelopático nos eucaliptais. Ainda segundo aquele significativamente tais processos (Oliveira-Filho et al., 1997). autor, em muitos casos, a inibição do crescimento do sub-bosque Sendo assim, conhecer as interações entre plantios de essências por parte dos eucaliptais deve-se ao mau uso do solo, cujo manejo é implementado de forma errônea. Ademais, Rezende et al. (1994) explicaram que além dos efeitos alelopáticos e competição por água e nutrientes, a baixa luminosidade e a Received: 12-VIII-08 espessura da manta orgânica podem contribuir significati- Accepted: 28-VIII-11 Distributed: 13-IX-11 vamente para um baixo recrutamento de espécies oriundas do 3 Resende & Ferreira banco de sementes e para a regeneração demorada do sub- bosque associado a plantios homogêneos, principalmente em silviculturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a riqueza, diversidade, agregação das espécies, estrutura horizontal, diamétrica e vertical da comunidade vegetal em sub-bosque de um plantio de Eucalyptus paniculata Smith. Material e Métodos Área de estudo Este estudo foi conduzido no sub-bosque de um talhão de E. paniculata Smith localizado às margens da lagoa do Piauzinho Figura 1 - Representação esquemática das parcelas amostradas no sub- bosque de um talhão de Eucalyptus paniculata, na Lagoa do (19º 26’ 25’’ W; 42º 25’ 15’’ S; 205 m de altitude), município Piauzinho, município de Ipaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. O de Ipaba, Minas Gerais, cuja área total do plantio é de 1.089,6 ponto representa um indivíduo amostrado. ha. A região encontra-se no domínio da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Submontana (Rizzini, 1997). O clima do local é classificado, segundo Köppen (1948), como Aw (tropical úmido de savana ou megatérmico), com um absoluta e relativa, freqüência absoluta e relativa e dominância período de chuvas e outro de estiagem bem definidos. Segundo absoluta e relativa. Além disso, foi determinado o valor de dados obtidos na estação meteorológica do viveiro florestal importância e valor de cobertura de cada espécie (Mueller- localizado em Belo Oriente (42º 23’ W; 19º 17’ S; 214 m Dombois & Ellenberg, 1974). a.n.m.), a temperatura máxima média (32,2ºC) geralmente ocorre Para a análise da composição florística foram calculados os no mês de fevereiro e a mínima média (19,4ºC), entre os meses índices de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H’) e equitabilidade de julho e agosto. A umidade relativa média é de 59,8%, sendo a de Pielou (J) (Pielou, 1975). Como indicador de hetero- máxima geralmente no mês de abril (aproximadamente 65%) e a geneidade, utilizou-se o coeficiente de mistura de Jentsch (QM). mínima geralmente no mês de agosto (aproximadamente 51%). Para estimativa dos parâmetros fitossociológicos e análise da A precipitação mensal média é de 106,6
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