Utopias De Eros: Por Uma Sociologia Dos Espaços Eróticos

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Utopias De Eros: Por Uma Sociologia Dos Espaços Eróticos UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS DEPARTAMENTO DE SOCIOLOGIA Utopias de Eros: Por uma sociologia dos espaços eróticos. Autor: Marcelo Augusto de Almeida Teixeira Brasília, março de 2018 UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS DEPARTAMENTO DE SOCIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SOCIOLOGIA TESE DE DOUTORADO Utopias de Eros: Por uma sociologia dos espaços eróticos. Autor: Marcelo Augusto de Almeida Teixeira Tese apresentada ao Departamento de Sociologia da Universidade de Brasilia como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de doutor. Brasília, março de 2018 2 UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS DEPARTAMENTO DE SOCIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SOCIOLOGIA TESE DE DOUTORADO Utopias de Eros: Por uma sociologia dos espaços eróticos. Autor: Marcelo Augusto de Almeida Teixeira Orientadora: Mariza Veloso (PPG-Sol-UnB) Banca: Prof. Doutora: Angelica Madeira (UnB) Prof. Doutora: Elane Peixoto (FAU-UnB) Prof. Doutor: Denilson Lopes (UFRJ) Prof. Doutor: Edson Farias (SOL-UnB- suplente) 3 Para Brasilmar Nunes Ferreira. 4 Agradecimentos Em primeiro lugar, ao meu saudoso pai, Osandy Ribeiro Teixeira, economista e intelectual, que me ensinou o valor do estudo, dos livros e incitou a curiosidade a respeito do mundo e da sociedade, e a minha mãe, professora Carmen Teixeira, incansável em suas pesquisas genealógicas e históricas, me ensinando sempre que enquanto há vida, há aprendizado. Ambos, muito cedo em minha vida, me presentearam com uma biblioteca, transformando meu mundo. Em segundo lugar, aos meus irmãos, Gustavo e Ricardo, estudiosos, pesquisadores e parceiros de acaloradas discussões políticas, sempre frutíferas. Aos meus amigos acadêmicos André Costa e Lucas Brasil, parceiros de discussões, mesas redondas, palestras, cafés. Intelectualmente provocantes, sempre enriquecedores, contribuíram com palpites, divergências, ponderações. As professoras Luciana Saboia, Elane Peixoto e Cristina Patriota pelas oportunidades de compartilhar pesquisas e saberes. A Mariza Veloso, que aceitou me orientar após o falecimento de Brasilmar Nunes, e que foi responsável pela envergadura sociológica do empreendimento desta tese, escrita por um arquiteto sem formação acadêmica anterior em Sociologia. Suas dicas e orientações foram vitais. A Brasilmar Nunes, que me convidou em 2013 a tentar o doutorado em sociologia e me abriu um mundo novo. A todas as pessoas que vivem suas utopias, na esperança de que, um dia, o mundo será melhor do que é. Trabalho de pesquisa apoiado pelo CNPq. 5 RESUMO Atualmente, a “realidade” é tida como impositiva: existe um consenso de que não é sensato tentar escapar das realidades impostas. Em uma era marcada pela mudança contínua, paradoxalmente não haveria espaço questionamentos da realidade produzida, restando a conformidade com o atual estado das coisas. Entretanto, frente as ameaças postas diante da humanidade, o conformismo pode ser perigoso e a distopia, por sua vez, tornou-se lente pela qual olhamos para o mundo Porem visões de mundos melhores não foram extirpadas da sociedade contemporânea: desde os enclaves urbanos até “festivais transformacionais” com suas “cidades efêmeras”, essas visões parecem desautorizar a ideia de que a utopia não tem lugar na sociedade transmoderna. Ao contrário: na suposta impossibilidade de um estado de espirito utópico, na presumida necessidade de aceitação incondicional da realidade e diante de um possível colapso civilizacional é que a utopia torna-se necessária. A partir do conceito psicanalítico e sociológico de Eros e de uma revisão positivada da utopia, a tese partiu da observação de que atualmente ambos são capazes de juntar multidões em comunidades intencionais e em “festivais transformacionais”. Esses eventos e comunidades são “utopias eróticas”, exemplificadas pelas “cidades efêmeras” _como “Black Rock City”, suporte arquitetônico do festival transformacional Burning Man (EUA)_ nas quais uma simulação de uma sociedade diferente é praticada, baseada no encontro erótico, no afetivo e no comunitário, no desempenho de novas sociabilidades mais subjetivamente intensas e criativas. Essas experiências utópicas funcionam como laboratórios uteis para as Ciências Sociais. Assim, essa tese é sobre a questão da Utopia e suas conexões com Eros na contemporaneidade e seus enlaces com a Sociologia, Antropologia e Arquitetura. A tese segue o método proposto pela socióloga Ruth Levitas em sua “Reconstrução Imaginária da Sociedade” para analisar o fenômeno social da cidade efêmera de Black Rock City, Esse método deve englobar três aspectos: o “arqueológico”, o “ontológico” e o “arquitetônico”. No primeiro, deve-se colecionar e entender em conjunto imagens de sociedades melhoradas e/ou idealizadas. No segundo, consideram-se modos de existência considerados melhores. Por fim, deve-se pensar não só sobre a delineação institucional e social de uma sociedade melhorada, mas também sobre sua materialização concreta e seus arranjos espaciais. Assim, Black Rock City é analisada pelos seus aspectos arqueológicos, ontológicos e arquitetônicos, relacionando-os com os conceitos de utopia e de Eros, apresentando-se como possível de interpretações múltiplas. Ao considerar o impulso utópico como motor de mudança social, a tese defende que a sociologia deve abarcar as lacunas percebidas pelos indivíduos em suas vidas no estudo das sociedades. Ainda, defende que o conceito de utopia deva ser requalificado, não só para a sociologia, mas como vital para a sobrevivência da humanidade. Palavras-chave: utopia; sociologia; erotismo; arquitetura; urbanismo; Burning Man. 6 ABSTRACT Nowadays, "reality" is seen as imposing: there is a consensus that it is not wise to try to escape the imposed realities. In an era marked by continuous change, paradoxically there would be no questioning of the reality produced, leaving us the conformity to the current state of things. However, in the face of the threats posed to humanity, conformism can be dangerous and dystopia, in turn, has become the lens by which we look at the world. However, visions of better worlds have not been extirpated from contemporary society: from urban enclaves to "transformational festivals" with its "ephemeral cities" these views seem to disown the idea that utopia has no place in transmodern society. On the contrary, the supposed impossibility of a utopian state of mind, the presumed need for unconditional acceptance of reality and in the face of a possible civilizational collapse, utopia becomes necessary. From the psychoanalytic and sociological concept of Eros and a positive revision of utopia, the thesis was based on the observation that today both are capable of bringing together multitudes into intentional communities and "transformational festivals". These events and communities are "erotic utopias", exemplified by "ephemeral cities" _ such as "Black Rock City", architectural support for the transformational Burning Man festival (USA)_ in which a simulation of a different society is practiced, based on erotic, affective and community encounters, new sociabilities more subjectively intense and creative. These utopian experiments function as useful laboratories for the social sciences. Thus, this thesis is about the question of Utopia and its connections with Eros in the contemporaneity and its links with Sociology, Anthropology and Architecture. The thesis follows the method proposed by sociologist Ruth Levitas in his "Imaginary Reconstruction of Society" to analyse the social phenomenon of the ephemeral Black Rock City. This method must encompass three aspects: the "archaeological", the "ontological" and the "architectural". In the first, we should collect and understand together images of improved and / or idealized societies. In the second, modes of existence considered better. Finally, we must think not only about the institutional and social delineation of an improved society, but also about its concrete materialization and its spatial arrangements. Thus, Black Rock City is analysed for its archaeological, ontological and architectural aspects, relating them to the concepts of utopia and Eros, presenting itself as possible of multiple interpretations In considering the utopian impulse as the engine of social change, the thesis argues that sociology must encompass the gaps perceived by individuals in their lives in the study of societies. Still, it argues that the concept of utopia should be requalified, not only for sociology, but as vital for the survival of humanity. Keywords: utopia; sociology; erotiscism; architecture; urbanism; Burning Man. 7 RESUMEN Actualmente, la "realidad" se considera impositiva: existe un consenso de que no es prudente intentar escapar de las realidades impuestas. En una era marcada por el cambio continuo, paradójicamente no habría espacio cuestionamientos de la realidad producida, quedando la conformidad con el actual estado de las cosas. Sin embargo, frente a las amenazas planteadas ante la humanidad, el conformismo puede ser peligroso y la distopía, a su vez, se ha vuelto lente por la que miramos al mundo. Pero las visiones de mundos mejores no fueron extirpadas de la sociedad contemporánea: desde los enclaves urbanos hasta "festivales transformacionales" con sus "ciudades efímeras", esas visiones parecen desautorizar la idea de que la utopía no tiene lugar en la sociedad transmoderna. Al contrario: en la supuesta imposibilidad de un estado de espirito utópico, en la presunta necesidad de aceptación incondicional de la realidad y ante un posible
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