Supplemental Materials
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Nuzr 1 9 6 7 0 3
V V TH E HU1 The President of Zimbabwe, Joshua Nkomo CONTENTS: SMIT- REINFO CED BY SOUT AFRICA - p.1 BIG BID FOR RECOGNITION - p.2 ZIM BABWE Printed and Published by The Publicity Bureau of The Zimbabwe African Peoples Union, P.O. Box 1657, Lusaka (tPhone 72700) Zambia, OcIEW Official Oragn of The Zimbabwe African Peoples Union Registered at the GPO as a newspaper. ZI11BB.BE PEVIEWT EDITORIAL MARCH 25, 1967 NEW TENDENCIES ON THE AFRICAN SCENE The last few. eeks have witnessed very interesting events on the African scene. These events have a bearing on Africa's course towards total political and economic independence as well as its eventual political unity. The French are known, throughout history,'for thei Ocntnental profession of the ideals of fraternity, equality and liberty. It is under thijsentiment that they devised the sophisticated but subtle method of a referendum in French Somaliland. To Africa in particular, and to the world in general, France wanted to present a facade of a French people towering above the filth of colonialist methods by leaving it to the people to choose their own direction by referendum. But deep down the Fiench were caught in the realities of their contradictory elements. French Somaliland is a springboard for their markets along the z East Coast of Africa and far afield across the Indian ocean. It is only convinient for them to keep French Somaliland under their firm control in the face of competition from other trading powers. This ensures a margin of French economic survival. Hence the blackmail of our African brothers in that color7. -
Protest and State–Society Relations in the Middle East and North Africa
SIPRI Policy Paper PROTEST AND STATE– 56 SOCIETY RELATIONS IN October 2020 THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA dylan o’driscoll, amal bourhrous, meray maddah and shivan fazil STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public. The Governing Board is not responsible for the views expressed in the publications of the Institute. GOVERNING BOARD Ambassador Jan Eliasson, Chair (Sweden) Dr Vladimir Baranovsky (Russia) Espen Barth Eide (Norway) Jean-Marie Guéhenno (France) Dr Radha Kumar (India) Ambassador Ramtane Lamamra (Algeria) Dr Patricia Lewis (Ireland/United Kingdom) Dr Jessica Tuchman Mathews (United States) DIRECTOR Dan Smith (United Kingdom) Signalistgatan 9 SE-169 72 Solna, Sweden Telephone: + 46 8 655 9700 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.sipri.org Protest and State– Society Relations in the Middle East and North Africa SIPRI Policy Paper No. 56 dylan o’driscoll, amal bourhrous, meray maddah and shivan fazil October 2020 © SIPRI 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of SIPRI or as expressly permitted by law. Contents Preface v Acknowledgements vi Summary vii Abbreviations ix 1. Introduction 1 Figure 1.1. Classification of countries in the Middle East and North Africa by 2 protest intensity 2. State–society relations in the Middle East and North Africa 5 Mass protests 5 Sporadic protests 16 Scarce protests 31 Highly suppressed protests 37 Figure 2.1. -
Title Items-In-Visits of Heads of States and Foreign Ministers
UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page Date 15/06/2006 Time 4:59:15PM S-0907-0001 -01 -00001 Expanded Number S-0907-0001 -01 -00001 Title items-in-Visits of heads of states and foreign ministers Date Created 17/03/1977 Record Type Archival Item Container s-0907-0001: Correspondence with heads-of-state 1965-1981 Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit •3 felt^ri ly^f i ent of Public Information ^ & & <3 fciiW^ § ^ %•:£ « Pres™ s Sectio^ n United Nations, New York Note Ko. <3248/Rev.3 25 September 1981 KOTE TO CORRESPONDENTS HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMENT AND MINISTERS TO ATTEND GENERAL ASSEMBLY SESSION The Secretariat has been officially informed so far that the Heads of State or Government of 12 countries, 10 Deputy Prime Ministers or Vice- Presidents, 124 Ministers for Foreign Affairs and five other Ministers will be present during the thirty-sixth regular session of the General Assembly. Changes, deletions and additions will be available in subsequent revisions of this release. Heads of State or Government George C, Price, Prime Minister of Belize Mary E. Charles, Prime Minister and Minister for Finance and External Affairs of Dominica Jose Napoleon Duarte, President of El Salvador Ptolemy A. Reid, Prime Minister of Guyana Daniel T. arap fcoi, President of Kenya Mcussa Traore, President of Mali Eeewcosagur Ramgoolare, Prime Minister of Haur itius Seyni Kountche, President of the Higer Aristides Royo, President of Panama Prem Tinsulancnda, Prime Minister of Thailand Walter Hadye Lini, Prime Minister and Kinister for Foreign Affairs of Vanuatu Luis Herrera Campins, President of Venezuela (more) For information media — not an official record Office of Public Information Press Section United Nations, New York Note Ho. -
Vice Presidential Six Month Assessment, 1977, Part 3
1977 JANUARY 1977 Meetings with Foreigners DATE NM1E 24 Joseph Luns, Secretary General of NAT O Meeting during visit to Brussels 24 North Atlantic Council Meeting in Brussels 24 Leo Tinde ~ ans, Prime Minister of Belgium Meeti ng during visit to Bru~sels 24 Roy J enki:1s , President of EC Commission Meeting during visit to Brussels 24 Nax van der Stoel, Belgium Minister of Foreign Affairs Meeting during visit to Brussels 25 HelmutSc~midt, Chancellor of FRG Meeting during visit to Bonn 25 Walter Scheel, President of FRG Meeting during visit to Bonn 26 Klaus Schuetz, Governing Mayor of Berlin Mee ting during visit to Berlin 26 Guilio F_l1c.reotti, Prime 'Minister of Italy Meeting during visit to Rome 26 Giovanni Leone, President of Italy Meeting during visit to Rome 27 Pope Paul VI Meeting during visit to Rome 27 James Callaghan, Prime Minister of U.K. Meeti~g during visit to London 28 Emile van Lennep, Secretary General of OE eD Meeti~g during visit to Paris 29 Valery Gi scard D'Estaing, President of France Meeti~g during visit to Paris 29 Geir Ha llgrimsson, Prime I-1in ister of Icelc.nd Meeting during stop i n Iceland 31 Takeo Fuk~da , Prime Minister of Japan Meeti~g during visit to Tokyo FEJ3H.UAl~Y 1977 Mee tings wi th Foreigners DATE NAME 3 VJachffieister, Wilhelm Ambassador of Sweden To extend official invitation to you to v i sit Sweden . 8 Huang Chen, Chief of the People's Republic of China's Liaison Office Courtesy Call to meet leaders of new Administration. -
Turmoil in the Middle East
Turmoil in the Middle East Standard Note: SN/IA/5902 Last updated: 28 March 2011 Author: Ben Smith Section International Affairs and Defence Section This note looks at the instability in the Middle East and North Africa since the Tunisian and Egyptian uprisings. Source: worldmap.org This information is provided to Members of Parliament in support of their parliamentary duties and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. It should not be relied upon as being up to date; the law or policies may have changed since it was last updated; and it should not be relied upon as legal or professional advice or as a substitute for it. A suitably qualified professional should be consulted if specific advice or information is required. This information is provided subject to our general terms and conditions which are available online or may be provided on request in hard copy. Authors are available to discuss the content of this briefing with Members and their staff, but not with the general public. Contents 1 Tunisia and Egypt 3 2 Algeria 4 2.1 Background 4 2.2 Unrest in 2011 5 2.3 Algeria basic information 5 3 Bahrain 6 3.1 Increasing repression 7 3.2 Unrest in 2011 8 3.3 Saudi forces move in 9 3.4 Bahrain- Basic information 9 4 Iran 10 4.1 Unrest in 2011 10 4.2 Iran- basic information 11 5 Jordan 11 5.1 Unrest in 2011 11 5.2 Jordan- basic information 12 6 Libya 13 6.1 Unrest in 2011 14 6.2 International reaction 15 6.3 Refugees 17 6.4 Libya- basic information 17 7 Morocco 18 7.1 Morocco- basic information -
En En Motion for a Resolution
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 2009 - 2014 Plenary sitting 4.7.2011 B7-0390/2011 MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION to wind up the debate on the statement by the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy pursuant to Rule 110(2) of the Rules of Procedure on Syria, Yemen and Bahrain in the context of the situation in the Arab world and North Africa Fiorello Provera, Rolandas Paksas, Lorenzo Fontana, Nikolaos Salavrakos, Mara Bizzotto, Jaroslav Paška, Bastiaan Belder, Juozas Imbrasas on behalf of the EFD Group RE\872694EN.doc PE465.718v01-00 EN United in diversity EN B7-0390/2011 European Parliament resolution on Syria, Yemen and Bahrain in the context of the situation in the Arab world and North Africa The European Parliament , – having regard to its previous resolutions on crises in the Middle East, Syria, Bahrain and Yemen, – having regard to the U.S. President’s 19 May 2011 speech regarding pro-democracy uprisings across the Arab world, in particular in Syria and Yemen, – having regard to the statements of the High Representative/Vice-President of the Commission on Syria of 20, 11 and 6 June 2011, and on Yemen of 3 and 30 June 2011, – having regard to Council’s conclusion on Yemen of 20 June 2011, on Syria of 20 June and on Bahrain of 23 May 2011, – having regard to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, – having regard to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) of 1966, to which Syria, Yemen and Bahrain are parties, – having regard to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of 1975, to which Syria and Yemen are party, – having regard to United Nations Secretary General’s statements on human rights violations in Syria of 22 June 2011, – having regard to U.S. -
NO ESCAPE from HELL EU Policies Contribute to Abuse of Migrants in Libya WATCH
HUMAN RIGHTS NO ESCAPE FROM HELL EU Policies Contribute to Abuse of Migrants in Libya WATCH No Escape from Hell EU Policies Contribute to Abuse of Migrants in Libya Copyright © 2019 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-36994 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JANUARY 2019 ISBN: 978-1-6231-36994 “No Escape from Hell” EU Policies Contribute to Abuse of Migrants in Libya Map .................................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 1 Key Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 8 Methodology -
LETTER to G20, IMF, WORLD BANK, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS and NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
LETTER TO G20, IMF, WORLD BANK, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS and NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS We write to call for urgent action to address the global education emergency triggered by Covid-19. With over 1 billion children still out of school because of the lockdown, there is now a real and present danger that the public health crisis will create a COVID generation who lose out on schooling and whose opportunities are permanently damaged. While the more fortunate have had access to alternatives, the world’s poorest children have been locked out of learning, denied internet access, and with the loss of free school meals - once a lifeline for 300 million boys and girls – hunger has grown. An immediate concern, as we bring the lockdown to an end, is the fate of an estimated 30 million children who according to UNESCO may never return to school. For these, the world’s least advantaged children, education is often the only escape from poverty - a route that is in danger of closing. Many of these children are adolescent girls for whom being in school is the best defence against forced marriage and the best hope for a life of expanded opportunity. Many more are young children who risk being forced into exploitative and dangerous labour. And because education is linked to progress in virtually every area of human development – from child survival to maternal health, gender equality, job creation and inclusive economic growth – the education emergency will undermine the prospects for achieving all our 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and potentially set back progress on gender equity by years. -
Briefing April 2011
WAR, TERROR & POLITICAL VIOLENCE WTPV BRIEFING APRIL 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Transnational terrorism 2 Profile: Peru 3 Worldwide political violence 4 Africa Americas Asia Europe Middle East and North Africa Rebels ride past a fuel-storage facility attacked during clashes with government forces near Sedra, eastern Libya AIRSTRIKES HIT LIBYA AS MIDDLE EAST UNREST CONTINUES The US, UK and France began airstrikes Ali Abdullah Saleh declared a state of and cruise missile attacks against Libyan emergency, suggesting that the government air-defence installations and ground forces had lost patience with mediation efforts. on 19 March. Explosions were reported However, his position weakened on 21 in the capital Tripoli on 23 March as the March with the defection of three senior coalition continued enforcing a no-fly zone generals, who declared support for the over eastern Libya. The strikes followed a opposition and reportedly positioned units in UN Security Council resolution authorising central Sanaa to protect protesters. Looting the use of ‘all necessary measures’ to and arson were reported in the southern For more information about Hiscox or protect Libyan civilians from pro-regime city of Aden on 22 March, while there were Control Risks, please contact: forces. Uncertainty persists over the exact clashes in Mukulla on 21 March. purpose of the military engagement; Stephen Ashwell proponents of intervention have pointed to Bahrain’s government on 15 March Tel: 020 7448 6725 the humanitarian need for such measures, imposed a state of emergency and on 16 1 Great St Helen’s, London EC3A 6HX though there are also some indications March forcibly removed demonstrators from [email protected] that regime change is the ultimate goal. -
Political Leaders in Africa: Presidents, Patrons Or Profiteers?
Political Leaders in Africa: Presidents, Patrons or Profiteers? By Jo-Ansie van Wyk Occasional Paper Series: Volume 2, Number 1, 2007 The Occasional Paper Series is published by The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD). ACCORD is a non-governmental, non-aligned conflict resolution organisation based in Durban, South Africa. ACCORD is constituted as an education trust. Views expressed in this Occasional Paper are not necessarily those of ACCORD. While every attempt is made to ensure that the information published here is accurate, no responsibility is accepted for any loss or damage that may arise out of the reliance of any person upon any of the information this Occassional Paper contains. Copyright © ACCORD 2007 All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISSN 1608-3954 Unsolicited manuscripts may be submitted to: The Editor, Occasional Paper Series, c/o ACCORD, Private Bag X018, Umhlanga Rocks 4320, Durban, South Africa or email: [email protected] Manuscripts should be about 10 000 words in length. All references must be included. Abstract It is easy to experience a sense of déjà vu when analysing political lead- ership in Africa. The perception is that African leaders rule failed states that have acquired tags such as “corruptocracies”, “chaosocracies” or “terrorocracies”. Perspectives on political leadership in Africa vary from the “criminalisation” of the state to political leadership as “dispensing patrimony”, the “recycling” of elites and the use of state power and resources to consolidate political and economic power. -
His Majesty, King of Bahrain Hamad Bin Isa Al Khalifa P.O. Box 555 Rifa’A Palace Manama, Bahrain 16 November 2018
His Majesty, King of Bahrain Hamad Bin Isa Al Khalifa P.O. Box 555 Rifa’a Palace Manama, Bahrain 16 November 2018 Your Majesty, We write you in order to share with you our concerns regarding the upcoming elections for Bahrain’s lower house of parliament, the Council of Representatives, taking place on 24 November. We are deeply concerned about the restrictive political environment in Bahrain, in particular the government’s effective closing of all civil and political space. On 4 November, the Secretary General of Bahrain’s largest dissolved political society, Sheikh Ali Salman, was sentenced to life imprisonment. This sentence raises further concerns that the results will be viewed as unfree, unfair, and illegitimate. To ensure international recognition of election results, we urge you to take all necessary steps to ensure the elections’ credibility, including by releasing political prisoners and allowing the formation of independent civil and political society organisations. Denial of Political Participation In order for the elections to meet international standards of free and fair elections, citizens must be able to organise politically and have the opportunity to support a wide range of candidates running for office. However, your government’s decision to forcibly dissolve all major political opposition groups, including Al-Wefaq and Wa’ad, deprives large sectors of the population of their preferred political associations. Actions taken by your government’s security services – including harassment, intimidation, and arrest – towards smaller political societies like Al- Wahdawi, and high-profile leaders, further marginalised political opposition groups and limit many citizens’ ability to vote for policies they support. -
Quédateencasa, Because It's Not Just Flu: The
Diskuze v psychologii, číslo 2, 2020, 33–47 doi: 10.5507/dvp.2020.006 #QuédateEnCasa, because it’s not just flu: The impact of cognitive authorities’ communication on human behaviour during the pandemics Kristína Böhmer Institute of European Studies and International Relations, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynské luhy 4, 821 05 Bratislava, Slovakia, [email protected] Abstract: The main objective of this study is to point out the importance of communication by cognitive authorities, in this case of political elites, during the health crisis. Their rhetoric can have an enormous impact on the behaviour of the general population. If these cognitive authorities recommend following the advice of health authorities, people are more likely to follow the advice. This can come out as a crucial factor in preventing the spread of the virus during any epidemics. A virus could be more predictable if human behaviour were predictable as well. Confirming the impact of cognitive authorities on the general public’s behaviour during a health crisis might help us understand what needs to be done differently by those political elites if there will be any other health crisis in the future. Keywords: cognitive authority, social media, health crisis, pandemics 1 Introduction “Trust in our public health system which is perfect for tors have an impact on the spread of pandemics, and this type of crisis,”1 said prime minister of Spain Pe- sometimes these factors differ from country to country. dro Sánchez after the confirmation of the first case of Nevertheless, one of the most powerful factors is the hu- COVID-19 in mainland Spain.