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Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais Escola De Arquitetura Artur Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Escola de Arquitetura Artur Magnani Figueiredo O resgate da centralidade da Mina Grande em Nova Lima: história, memória e desenvolvimento Belo Horizonte 2017 Artur Magnani Figueiredo O resgate da centralidade da Mina Grande em Nova Lima: história, memória e desenvolvimento Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- -Graduação em Ambiente Construído e Patrimônio Sustentável da Escola de Arquitetura da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre. Área de Concentração: Ambiente Construído e Patrimônio Sustentável Área Básica: Interdisciplinar Linha de pesquisa: Paisagem e Ambiente Orientadora: Prof.ª Dra. Stael de Alvarenga Pereira Costa Belo Horizonte 2017 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA F476r Figueiredo, Artur Magnani. O resgate da centralidade da Mina Grande em Nova Lima [manuscrito] : história, memória e desenvolvimento / Artur Magnani Figueiredo. - 2017. 152 f. : il. Orientadora: Stael de Alvarenga Pereira Costa. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Arquitetura. 1. Nova Lima (MG) - História - Teses. 2. Mina Grande (MG) - Teses. 3. Ouro - Minas e mineração - Teses. 4. Ouro - Aspectos sociais - Teses. 5. Patrimônio histórico - Teses. 6. Patrimônio cultural - Teses. I. Costa, Stael de Alvarenga Pereira. II. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Arquitetura. III. Título. CDD 622 Ficha catalográfica: Biblioteca Raffaello Berti, Escola de Arquitetura/UFMG AGRADECIMENTOS À professora e orientadora Stael, que se dedicou na construção deste trabalho, com contribuições que viabilizaram o seu caráter interdisciplinar. À CAPES, pela bolsa concedida nestes dois anos de estudo e que propiciaram a realização deste trabalho. Aos professores Yacy-Ara Froner Gonçalves e Fabiano Lopes de Paula, pelas contribuições valiosas na banca de qualificação. À comunidade acadêmica, que me possibilitou retornar aos estudos após 8 anos. Ao amigo José Nunes, que incentivou o meu retorno ao mundo acadêmico, apresentando-me o Mestrado em Ambiente Construído e Patrimônio Sustentável. À Nina Rosa, mãe e colaboradora deste trabalho, em conversas e revisões intermináveis. Aos meus irmãos, Júlia, Pedrita, Severo e Clarice, que contribuíram de formas diferentes, sempre disponíveis às minhas solicitações. À minha esposa Lidiane e filho Arturzinho, pelo apoio, carinho e paciência, principalmente nos momentos mais complicados. Aos entrevistados, que se dispuseram a contar um pouco de suas histórias, com relação à cidade e à mina de ouro. Aos amigos, familiares e todos que contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. A Deus (ou força superior), que ilumina os caminhos que me proponho a percorrer. RESUMO O objetivo desta dissertação é refletir sobre o processo de destinação da área da Mina Grande da Mineração Morro Velho em Nova Lima, discutindo a sua relevância para o desenvolvimento urbano do centro da cidade e para a população, que carrega a memória da mineração de ouro. A partir da história da mineração e da centralidade da área da Mina Grande, que se constituía em um local de múltiplas relações entre população, empresa e a cidade, busca-se uma identidade local associada ao seu patrimônio material e imaterial. Vários projetos têm sido idealizados pela empresa e por instituições públicas nestes anos em que a mina está fechada, expondo expectativas para o futuro deste local, que reúne diversas potencialidades: econômicas, ambientais, históricas e culturais. Relações de força se estabelecem entre diversos atores, o que inclui os órgãos patrimoniais que definem condicionantes e reforçam a característica social da área, frente à pressão econômica de uma empresa de capital internacional, que é sua proprietária. Pensar em um caminho que permita, ao mesmo tempo, a empresa obter lucros, a cidade crescer, o patrimônio ser preservado e a população usufruir de uma área significativa é um desafio que depende de uma esfera pública forte, capaz de mediar relações conflituosas. Este trabalho utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa para as suas discussões, realizando uma pesquisa de história oral para incluir discursos que reproduzem o que permanece vivo da mineração de ouro. A oralidade enquanto método foi possível a partir da interdisciplinaridade do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente Construído e Patrimônio Sustentável, que permitiu buscar a compreensão da pluralidade de discursos relativos à área da Mina Grande. Palavras-chave: História de Nova Lima. Destinação da área da Mina Grande. Centralidade. Conflitos de interesses. Patrimônio. Memória da mineração de ouro. ABSTRACT The objective of this dissertation is the reflection about the process of destination of Morro Velho Mining Company’s Mina Grande area in Nova Lima, discussing its relevance to downtown’s urban development and to the population, which carries the memory of the gold mining. From the mining history and Mina Grande’s area centrality, which was a site of multiple relations among population, company and the city, it searches a local identity associated with its material and immaterial patrimony. Several projects have been conceived by the company and by public institutions in these years where the mine is closed, exposing expectations for the future of this site, which has several potentialities: economic, environmental, historical and cultural. Power relations are established among several actors, which include the patrimonial organisms that define conditions and reinforce the social characteristic of the area, in face of the economic pressure of an international capital company that owns it. Thinking of a path that allows the company to make profits, the city to grow, the heritage to be preserved and the population to enjoy a significant area, is a challenge that depends on a strong public sphere capable of mediating conflictive relations. This work utilized a qualitative approach to their discussions, conducting an oral history research to include discourses that replicate what remains alive from gold mining. The orality as a method was possible from the interdisciplinarity of Constructed Environment and Sustainable Heritage Master, which allowed to seek the understanding of the plurality of Mina Grande’s area related discourses. Keywords: History of Nova Lima. Destination of the Mina Grande area. Centrality. Conflicts of interest. Patrimony. Memory of gold mining. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1 – Mapa da localização de Nova Lima no estado e no país e seus limites .......... 17 Figura 2 – Gráfico da evolução do IDH de Nova Lima .................................................... 19 Figura 3 – Foto parcial de Nova Lima, podendo ser visualizada a Igreja da Matriz ao sul e a Igreja do Rosário a nordeste .................................................................................. 25 Figura 4 – Fotos da Capela do Bonfim e da Igreja do Rosário respectivamente .............. 25 Figura 5 – Foto da Praça Bernardinho de Lima, com a Igreja da Matriz de Nossa Senhora do Pilar ao fundo e à direita o Teatro Municipal e o Sindicato dos Mineiros .... 26 Figura 6 – Foto das comemorações da coroação da Rainha Elizabeth em 1953 .............. 28 Figura 7 – Foto armazém de madeira ............................................................................... 30 Figura 8 – Produção de ouro no Brasil ............................................................................. 32 Figura 9 – Produção de ouro St. John d’El Rey Mining, Mineração Morro Velho (1830- 1995) ................................................................................................................................. 32 Figura 10 – Foto de Augusto Ridel da entrada da Mina Morro Velho em Nova Lima em 1868 ............................................................................................................................. 35 Figura 11 – Foto da barragem da Lagoa das Codornas .................................................... 37 Figura 12 – Foto da usina em Rio de Peixe ..................................................................... 37 Figura 13 – Foto da Banqueta do Rego Grande ................................................................ 38 Figura 14 – Fotos do Aqueduto do Bicame ...................................................................... 38 Figura 15 – Foto do trem elétrico da Companhia ............................................................ 39 Figura 16 – Foto do hospital da Companhia .................................................................... 39 Figura 17 – Foto das casas construídas para os trabalhadores brasileiros, ao lado, foto da casa construída para os ingleses ................................................................................... 41 Figura 18 – Foto panorâmica parcial da área industrial (provavelmente na década de 1930) ................................................................................................................................. 106 Figura 19 – Perfil parcial da área em atividade ................................................................ 106 Figura 20 – Perfil parcial da área desativada .................................................................... 107 Figura 21 – Vista de Nova Lima a partir do Cruzeiro da Boa Vista situado no morro logo acima da área da mina ............................................................................................... 108 Figura 22 – Visão do galpão da garagem, contendo o entorno arborizado.................... 109 Figura 23 – Visão do galpão da garagem e do centro da cidade .....................................
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