DOCSLIB.ORG

Elucidating Key Aspects of the Biology of Select Species of Snail-Killing Flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) in Oregon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Elucidating Key Aspects of the Biology of Select Species of Snail-Killing Flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) in Oregon AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Fares Alzahrani for the degree of Master of Science in Crop Science on July 15, 2019. Title: Elucidating Key Aspects of the Biology of Select Species of Snail-killing Flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) in Oregon. Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Rory J. McDonnell Members of the family Sciomyzidae, known as snail-killing or marsh flies, are unique amongst insects in that the vast majority of reared species feed exclusively on mollusks and as a result their biological control potential has been well documented in the scientific literature. However, in North America there is a lack of information on many aspects of the biology and behavior of these flies which has hampered their consideration and use as biological control agents of pest gastropods. This knowledge gap provided the incentive for this thesis which focused on two species, namely Tetanocera obtusifibula and Sepedon fuscipennis. The specific aims were to 1) determine if neonate larvae of T. obtusifibula can follow fresh snail mucus trails; 2) investigate the effect of temperature (10°C, 15°C, 20°C, ~4°C and outdoors) on the survival of unfed neonate T. obtusifibula larvae; and 3) elucidate the flight behavior of an adult sciomyzid fly for the first time using S. fuscipennis as the target species. The trail following bioassays were conducted on filter paper Y mazes, and significantly (P<0.05) more larvae displayed a positive response i.e. moved fully into the trail arm (73.9%) than a non-response i.e. did not trail follow (26.1%). Of those that displayed a positive response, 60% followed the trail to the end and 40% followed the mucus at least to the midpoint. These data suggest that larvae of T. obtusifibula actively seek out their prey and are may be effective hunters. In general, unfed neonate survival for this species decreased with increasing temperature. Thus, from a biological control perspective released neonate larvae may have less time to find suitable snail prey if they are released during warm summer days compared to cooler days during the fall. The flight mill data demonstrated that these flies have the potential to fly for a long distance (up to 25km in 24hrs on a flight mill) which is contrary to the current school of thought. This result also has important implications for using sciomyzids such as S. fuscipennis in biological control programs. For example, the ability to disperse over large distances could be viewed as advantageous for augmentative release programs utilizing native sciomyzid species where the goal is to manage a gastropod pest over a large area. Conversely, in cases of classical biological control, it will be necessary to exercise caution because non-target effects may have a broader geographical post release range than previously thought. Lastly, avenues for potential future research are suggested. ©Copyright by Fares Alzahrani July 15, 2019 All Rights Reserved Elucidating Key Aspects of the Biology of Select Species of Snail-killing Flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) in Oregon. by Fares Alzahrani A THESIS Submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Presented July 15, 2019 Commencement June 2020 Master of Science thesis of Fares Alzahrani presented on July 15, 2019 APPROVED: Major Professor, representing Crop Science Head of the Department of Crop and Soil Science Dean of the Graduate School I understand that my thesis will become part of the permanent collection of Oregon State University libraries. My signature below authorizes release of my thesis to any reader upon request. Fares Alzahrani, Author ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I must first express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my major advisor Dr. Rory Mc Donnell for his guidance, unlimited support, and high standards. This research was possible because of his mentorship. Also, I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Andrew Hulting, Dr. Gail Langellotto, and Dr. Klaus Puettmann for their encouragement, useful ideas, and recommendations. A special thanks to Andy Colton, who supported me throughout my research and was always available when I asked for his help. Thanks also to my lab members, Dr. Inga Reich, Dr. Maria Cordoba, Dr. Casi Jessie, and Matt Klein for their support in the lab and the field. Thanks to Dr. Nik Wiman for providing us the flight mills and sharing his experience. Also, I would like to thank all of the E.E. Wilson Wildlife Area staff for their assistance during field collecting. I also greatly thank my sponsor, Saudi Arabia Culture Mission (SACM), for fully funding my graduate studies. Finally, I would love to thank my parents, Ahmed and Salha, my wife, Asma, my daughters, Wateen, Aleen and Hems, and all my friends in Saudi Arabia and in the USA for their love, support, and everything they have done for me. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter 1: General Introduction …..……………………………………………..…………...….1 Sciomyzidae ……….……………………………….…………………………………1 Feeding Behavior and Phenology of Sciomyzidae ………………………….…….…3 Biological Control Potential …………………….…………………………….……....4 Focal Species of the Thesis …………………….……………………………….….....7 Chapter 2: Trail following behavior and survival in neonate larvae of Tetanocera obtusifibula ….…………………………………….……………………………………………………..……8 Abstract ..…….…..…………….….........………………..…………………………8 Introduction ..………..………….….………………..……………………………….9 the objectives of this Study ......……....……….………..…...……………………..….11 Materials and Methods ….….….……..………………………………………..……….….11 Sciomyzidae Collection and Rearing .…….………………...……..11 Trail Following ....…........................................................………….13 Larval Survival …..............................................….………………..15 Statistical Analysis …………..……………………………………..15 Results ………………..……...………………………………..…………………………...16 Trail Following ...…………………….……………………………...16 Larval Survival ……………………………………………………...17 Discussion .………...…..…………………………..…………………………………...….18 Trail Following ……...……………………………………………...18 Larval Survival ……………………………………………………..20 Chapter 3: Flight behavior of Sepedon fuscipennis (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) on a flight mill …..21 Abstract…...……………………….....……………………………………21 Introduction ….…..………...….………………..…………………………22 Materials and Methods ….……….………………………………………..………………..24 Sciomyzidae Collection and Rearing ……..…………………….……24 Flight Mills …………………………………………………………...25 Statistical Analysis….…………………………………………………26 Results ..……………………………………………………………………………………27 Total Flight Distance..…………………..…………………………………………27 Flight Velocity………………………………..…………………………………...30 Longest Single Flight …..……...……………………….………………….……..33 Total Flight Time ...........................................................................................…...36 Discussion ……....………...………………………………………………….…………....40 Chapter 4: Conclusion and Future Research …….………………………………………….… 43 Trail Following …………………………..…………………………………….……..43 Larval Survival ………………………………………………………………….……44 Flight Mills ………...……...…………………………………………………….…....45 Bibliography ……...…………………………..………………………………….……………..47 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Life cycle of a typical sciomyzid Sepedon spinipes …...…………………………………...2 2.1 Jackson Frazier Wetland, 3460 NE Canterbury Cir, Corvallis, OR 97330………………....11 2.2 Material used for maintaining T. obtusifibula in the lab ……….………………….…...…..12 2.3 Materials used to collect sciomyzid eggs ………………………………….……….…...….13 2.4 Filter paper Y-maze used to conduct trail following bioassays ……...………………....….14 2.5 The number of T. obtusifibula neonate larvae that displayed a positive trail following response and no response to fresh mucus trails of Lymnaea sp …………………………..........16 2.6 The number of T. obtusifibula neonates that displayed a strong response (SR), medium response (MR) and a weak response (WR) to fresh mucus trails of Lymnaea sp ……………………………………………………………………………………………….….17 3.1 E. E. Wilson Wildlife Area, Camp Adair Rd, Monmouth, OR…………….………….....…25 3.2 Flight mill utilized to investigate the flight behavior of S. fuscipennis………………….......26 3.3. Mean (+SE) total distance (km) flown for males and females of S. fuscipennis ………......28 3.4 Mean (+SE) total distance (km) flown for fed and unfed flies of S. fuscipennis.…………...29 3.5 Mean (+SE) total distance (km) flown by adult S. fuscipennis under enhanced humidity and ambient humidity conditions ……………….……………………………………...……….…..30 3.6 Mean (+SE) velocity (km/h) for males and females of S. fuscipennis ………..……….……...31 LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure Page 3.7 Mean (+SE) velocity (km/h) for fed and unfed adults of S. fuscipennis ….………….…….32 3.8 Mean (+SE) velocity (km/h) of adult S. fuscipennis under enhanced humidity and ambient humidity conditions ……………………………………………………………………...…...33 3.9 Mean (+SE) longest single flight (km) for males and females of S. fuscipennis …….......34 3.10 Mean (+SE) longest single flight (km) for fed and unfed adults of S. fuscipennis……....35 3.11 Mean (+SE) longest single flight (km) for adult S. fuscipennis under enhanced humidity and ambient humidity …………………………………………………………………………….…………..……………..…...36 3.12 Mean (+SE) total flight time (h) for males and females of S. fuscipennis ………………..37 3.13 Mean (+SE) total flight time (h) for fed and unfed adults of S. fuscipennis ……..…........38 3.14 Mean (+SE) total flight time (h) for adult S. fuscipennis under enhanced humidity and ambient humidity conditions ….…………………………………………………………......….39 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1.1 Known phenological groups within the family Sciomyzidae …………………...….5
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Land Snails and Soil Calcium in a Central Appalachian Mountain
    Freshwater Snail Inventory of the Fish River Lakes 2/2012 Report for MOHF Agreement Number CT09A 2011 0605 6177 by Kenneth P. Hotopp Appalachian Conservation Biology PO Box 1298, Bethel, ME 04217 for the Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund 37 Wiscasset Rd. Pittston, ME 04345 Freshwater Snail Inventory of the Fish River Lakes Abstract Freshwater snails were inventoried at the eight major lakes of the Fish River watershed, Aroostook County, Maine, with special attention toward pond snails (Lymnaeidae) collected historically by regional naturalist Olof Nylander. A total of fourteen freshwater snail species in six families were recovered. The pond snail Stagnicola emarginatus (Say, 1821) was found at Square Lake, Eagle Lake, and Fish River Lake, with different populations exhibiting regional shell forms as observed by Nylander, but not found in three other lakes previously reported. More intensive inventory is necessary for confirmation. The occurrence of transitional shell forms, and authoritative literature, do not support the elevation of the endemic species Stagnicola mighelsi (W.G. Binney, 1865). However, the infrequent occurrence of S. emarginatus in all of its forms, and potential threats to this species, warrant a statewide assessment of its habitat and conservation status. Otherwise, a qualitative comparison with the Fish River Lakes freshwater snail fauna of 100 years ago suggests it remains mostly intact today. 1 Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................ 1
    [Show full text]
  • Lesser Dung Flies (Sphaeroceridae) of the Belgian Fauna: Little Known Nutrient Recyclers
    BULLETIN DE L'lNSTITUT ROY AL DES SCIENCES NATUR ELLES DE BELGIQUE BIOLOGIE, 72 -SUPPL.: 155 -157, 2002 BULLETIN VAN HET KONINKLIJK BELGISCI-IlNSTITUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCI-IAPPE N BIOLOGIE, 72-SUPPL.: 155 -157, 2002 Lesser dung flies (Sphaeroceridae) of the Belgian fauna: little known nutrient recyclers L DE BRUYN, J. SCHEIRS & H. VAN GOSSUM Introduction Habitat specificity and indicator species The family Sphaeroceridae, or lesser dung flies, consists In recent decades, the conservation of insects has re­ of very common to rare, small to very small flies (PITKIN ceived increasing attention, not only because they are 1988). They can easily be distinguished from other fa­ - "worth conserving, but also because some insect groups milies by the distinctly widened and shortened first tar­ have been shown to be particularly good bio-indicators somere of the hind legs. Most species are darkly coloured which react ve1y quickly to environmental alterations. and possess fully developed wings. In some species wings However, the basic knowledge on habitat specificity, are reduced or can even be absent. The third antenna( necessary to construct such a predictive system, is still segment is usually spherical with a long, sideways or­ scarce, and in most groups even absent (LOBRY DE BRUYN iented arista. 1997, VAN STRAALEN & VERHOEF 1997). The family Sphaeroceridae is generally saprophagous. Sphaerocerid flies are tightly linked to the soil. This The larvae develop in a wide range of decaying organic can probably be attributed to the feeding habit and the matter such as dung (mainly from mammals), carcasses restricted locomot01y behaviour of the studied species. of animals, refuse heaps, grass cuttings, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2011
    Ellipsaria Vol. 13 - No. 4 December 2011 Newsletter of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Volume 13 – Number 4 December 2011 FMCS 2012 WORKSHOP: Incorporating Environmental Flows, 2012 Workshop 1 Climate Change, and Ecosystem Services into Freshwater Mussel Society News 2 Conservation and Management April 19 & 20, 2012 Holiday Inn- Athens, Georgia Announcements 5 The FMCS 2012 Workshop will be held on April 19 and 20, 2012, at the Holiday Inn, 197 E. Broad Street, in Athens, Georgia, USA. The topic of the workshop is Recent “Incorporating Environmental Flows, Climate Change, and Publications 8 Ecosystem Services into Freshwater Mussel Conservation and Management”. Morning and afternoon sessions on Thursday will address science, policy, and legal issues Upcoming related to establishing and maintaining environmental flow recommendations for mussels. The session on Friday Meetings 8 morning will consider how to incorporate climate change into freshwater mussel conservation; talks will range from an overview of national and regional activities to local case Contributed studies. The Friday afternoon session will cover the Articles 9 emerging science of “Ecosystem Services” and how this can be used in estimating the value of mussel conservation. There will be a combined student poster FMCS Officers 47 session and social on Thursday evening. A block of rooms will be available at the Holiday Inn, Athens at the government rate of $91 per night. In FMCS Committees 48 addition, there are numerous other hotels in the vicinity. More information on Athens can be found at: http://www.visitathensga.com/ Parting Shot 49 Registration and more details about the workshop will be available by mid-December on the FMCS website (http://molluskconservation.org/index.html).
    [Show full text]
  • Sciomyzidae Et Phaeomyiidae De La Manche. Premier
    Sciomyzidae et Phaeomyiidae de la Manche Premier catalogue Parmi les 132 familles de diptères dénombrées en Europe, celle des Sciomyzidae n’évoque sans doute que peu de choses aux fidèles lecteurs de L’Argiope. Dans notre faune, aucun de ses représentants n’est véritablement remarquable, ni même connu sous un nom populaire. Non floricoles, ces insectes à faible mobilité sont pour le moins discrets, et seul un observateur attentif et patient saura alors les déceler dans leur milieu de reproduction, notamment du fait d’un comportement singulier : les sciomyzes Sepedon sphegea se tiennent habituellement dans la végétation basse la tête orientée vers le bas ! Dans le petit monde des diptéristes français, les sciomyzes ont en revanche été rendus populaires par une importante publication. Dernier numéro en date consacré à une famille de diptères dans la série Faune de France, est paru en 1989 les « Diptères Sciomyzidae Euro-méditerranéens ». Plus de cinquante ans après SÉGUY (1934), Jean-Claude VALA présente dans cet ouvrage un état des connaissances détaillé quant à la biologie générale de ces insectes et pour de nombreuses espèces. Plusieurs espèces de sciomyzes ont été notamment étudiées de près en raison de leur importance dans la lutte contre certaines maladies humaines (distomatoses). En effet, certains parasites trématodes connus chez l’homme ont un cycle de développement qui nécessite un hôte intermédiaire spécifique parmi les mollusques aquatiques. Parasitoïdes ou prédateurs des mollusques aquatiques et terrestres, les sciomyzes s’opposent alors efficacement au développement de ces parasites. Paradoxalement, alors que la publication de VALA , en français, rend l’étude des sciomyzes beaucoup plus abordable que pour d’autres familles de mouches, ce travail n’a pas semblé entraîner un engouement particulier de la part des entomologistes amateurs puisque peu d’études ou de catalogues ont vu le jour depuis cette parution.
    [Show full text]
  • Vertical and Horizontal Trophic Networks in the Aroid-Infesting Insect Community of Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
    insects Article Vertical and Horizontal Trophic Networks in the Aroid-Infesting Insect Community of Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Mexico Guadalupe Amancio 1 , Armando Aguirre-Jaimes 1, Vicente Hernández-Ortiz 1,* , Roger Guevara 2 and Mauricio Quesada 3,4 1 Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico 2 Red de Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico 3 Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190 Michoacán, Mexico 4 Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190 Michoacán, Mexico * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 20 June 2019; Accepted: 9 August 2019; Published: 15 August 2019 Abstract: Insect-aroid interaction studies have focused largely on pollination systems; however, few report trophic interactions with other herbivores. This study features the endophagous insect community in reproductive aroid structures of a tropical rainforest of Mexico, and the shifting that occurs along an altitudinal gradient and among different hosts. In three sites of the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve in Mexico, we surveyed eight aroid species over a yearly cycle. The insects found were reared in the laboratory, quantified and identified. Data were analyzed through species interaction networks. We recorded 34 endophagous species from 21 families belonging to four insect orders. The community was highly specialized at both network and species levels. Along the altitudinal gradient, there was a reduction in richness and a high turnover of species, while the assemblage among hosts was also highly specific, with different dominant species.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Drosophilidae)
    Zootaxa 1069: 1–32 (2005) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1069 Copyright © 2005 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Molecular systematics and geographical distribution of the Drosophila longicornis species complex (Diptera: Drosophilidae) DEODORO C. S. G. OLIVEIRA1, 2, PATRICK M. O’GRADY1, 3, WILLIAM J. ETGES4, WILLIAM B. HEED5 & ROB DeSALLE1 1Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA; email: [email protected] 2Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; email: [email protected] 3Department of Biology, University of Vermont, VT, USA; email: [email protected] 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; email: [email protected] 5Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; email: [email protected] Abstract Here we examine the phylogenetic relationships of eleven species previously hypothesized to be members of the Drosophila longicornis complex (repleta group, mulleri subgroup) using combined analyses of four mitochondrial genes. This complex, as currently redefined, is composed of the longicornis cluster (D. longicornis, D. pachuca, D. propachuca, and D. mainlandi), the ritae cluster (D. desertorum, D. mathisi, and D. ritae), and several miscellaneous species (D. hamatofila, D. hexastigma, D. spenceri, and an undescribed species “from Sonora”). A maximum likelihood inference also includes the huckinsi cluster (D. huckinsi and D. huichole) as the most distant members in the longicornis complex, a condition not recovered using maximum parsimony. We were unable to diagnose species in the triad of sibling species D. longicornis, D. pachuca, and D. propachuca using rapidly evolving mitochondrial DNA data, and we discuss possible species concept conflict for this triad.
    [Show full text]
  • Refuse Containers As a Source of Flies in Honolulu and Nearby Communities
    Vol. XVII, No. 3, August, 1961 477 Refuse Containers as a Source of Flies in Honolulu and Nearby Communities Donald P. Wilton DIVISION OF SANITATION HAWAII STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH HONOLULU, HAWAII {Submitted for publication December, I960) The garbage can has long been recognized as an important site of domestic fly production. Quarterman et al. (1949) found garbage cans second only to the city dump as a source of flies in Savannah, Georgia. They reported fly breeding in or under 60 per cent of the containers examined. Fifty per cent of the infested media detected by Schoof et al. (1954) in fly breeding surveys conducted in Charleston, West Virginia were garbage. A similar situation was found by Siverly and Schoof (1955) in Phoenix, Arizona. Kilpatrick and Bogue (1956) demonstrated fly emergence from ground surfaces under and near garbage cans at Mission and Pharr, Texas. As an illustration of the significance of garbage as a breeding medium for domestic flies, it was stated by Siverly and Schoof (1955) that as many as 70,000 flies have been produced by one cubic foot of this material. Campbell and Black (i960) reporting on an investigation of prepupal migration of fly larvae from refuse containers in Concord, California recommended twice-a- week refuse collection during hot weather. They suggested that this would remove refuse before any significant migration (and hence, any significant fly production) could occur. Often, however, routine refuse collection fails to remove all the material in the can. As pointed out by Quarterman et al. (1949), a sludge-like deposit which is not dislodged when the container is upended frequently builds up in the bottoms of neglected cans.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names
    Nomenclatural studies toward a world list of Diptera genus-group names. Part V Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart Evenhuis, Neal L.; Pape, Thomas; Pont, Adrian C. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4172.1.1 Publication date: 2016 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Evenhuis, N. L., Pape, T., & Pont, A. C. (2016). Nomenclatural studies toward a world list of Diptera genus- group names. Part V: Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart. Magnolia Press. Zootaxa Vol. 4172 No. 1 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4172.1.1 Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Zootaxa 4172 (1): 001–211 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4172.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:22128906-32FA-4A80-85D6-10F114E81A7B ZOOTAXA 4172 Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names. Part V: Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart NEAL L. EVENHUIS1, THOMAS PAPE2 & ADRIAN C. PONT3 1 J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Entomological Research, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817-2704, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] 3Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by D. Whitmore: 15 Aug. 2016; published: 30 Sept. 2016 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 NEAL L.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta Diptera) in Freshwater (Excluding Simulidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae) Rüdiger Wagner University of Kassel
    Entomology Publications Entomology 2008 Global diversity of dipteran families (Insecta Diptera) in freshwater (excluding Simulidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae) Rüdiger Wagner University of Kassel Miroslav Barták Czech University of Agriculture Art Borkent Salmon Arm Gregory W. Courtney Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ent_pubs BoudewPart ofijn the GoBddeeiodivrisersity Commons, Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, and the TRoyerarle Bestrlgiialan a Indnstit Aquaute of Nticat uErcaol Scienlogyce Cs ommons TheSee nex tompc page forle addte bitioniblaiol agruthorapshic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ent_pubs/41. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Global diversity of dipteran families (Insecta Diptera) in freshwater (excluding Simulidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae) Abstract Today’s knowledge of worldwide species diversity of 19 families of aquatic Diptera in Continental Waters is presented. Nevertheless, we have to face for certain in most groups a restricted knowledge about distribution, ecology and systematic,
    [Show full text]
  • Meta-Barcoding for Assessment of Risks Posed by Genetically Modified Crops to Farmland Arthropods
    Meta-barcoding for assessment of risks posed by genetically modified crops to farmland arthropods By Trace Akankunda A thesis submitted for the partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Biotechnology (Plant Biotechnology) The University of Adelaide Faculty of Sciences School of Agriculture, Food & Wine Waite Campus 2014 Declaration I declare that this thesis is a record of original work and contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text. Akankunda Trace i Table of Contents Preface .............................................................................................................................................. iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 2 2. Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.1. Sampling sites and sampling design .................................................................................... 7 2.2. DNA extraction for the reference samples .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Snail-Killing Flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) from Iran
    Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie/Bulletin van de Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging voor Entomologie, 152 (2016): 133-140 New records of snail-killing flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) from Iran Jonas MORTELMANS 1, Diederik VOLCKAERT 2, Farzaneh KAZERANI 3, Saeed MOHAMADZADE NAMIN 4 & Ali Asghar TALEBI 5 1 Jutestraat 30, B-9000 Gent (e-mail: [email protected]) 2 Vierwegenstraat 10, B-9620 Zottegem (e-mail: [email protected]) 3 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I. R. Iran (e-mail: [email protected]) 4 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran. (e-mail: [email protected]) 5 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box: 14115-336, Tehran, I.R. Iran (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract During a two-week sampling campaign in Iran from April 17 th to May 1 th 2016, 15 species of snail- killing flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) were caught. Three species, Pherbellia schoenherri, P. nana and P. ventralis are mentioned for the first time from Iran. All species caught are commented in this paper and references to literature are given. Keywords : Islamic Republic of Iran, Sciomyzidae, faunistics. Samenvatting Tijdens een twee week durende campagne in Iran van 17 April tot 1 Mei 2016, werden 15 soorten slakkendodende vliegen (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) ingezameld. Drie soorten, Pherbellia schoenherri, P. nana en P. ventralis worden voor de eerste keer uit Iran gemeld. Alle verzamelde soorten worden in deze paper becommentarieerd en voorzien van referenties. Résumé Pendant une campagne d'échantillonnage de deux semaines en Iran du 17 avril au 1er mai 2016, 15 espèces de Sciomyzidae (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) ont été capturées.
    [Show full text]
  • Cheshire Wildlife Trust
    Cheshire Wildlife Trust Heteroptera and Diptera surveys on the Manchester Mosses with PANTHEON analysis by Phil Brighton 32, Wadeson Way, Croft, Warrington WA3 7JS [email protected] on behalf of Lancashire and Cheshire Wildlife Trusts Version 1.0 September 2018 Lancashire Wildlife Trust Page 1 of 35 Abstract This report describes the results of a series of surveys on the Manchester mosslands covering heteroptera (shield bugs, plant bugs and allies), craneflies, hoverflies, and a number of other fly families. Sites covered are the Holcroft Moss reserve of Cheshire Wildlife Trust and the Astley, Cadishead and Little Woolden Moss reserves of Lancashire Wildlife Trust. A full list is given of the 615 species recorded and their distribution across the four sites. This species list is interpreted in terms of feeding guilds and habitat assemblages using the PANTHEON software developed by Natural England. This shows a strong representation in the sample of species associated with shaded woodland floor and tall sward and scrub. The national assemblage of peatland species is somewhat less well represented, but includes a higher proportion of rare or scarce species. A comparison is also made with PANTHEON results for similar surveys across a similar range of habitats in the Delamere Forest. This suggests that the invertebrate diversity value of the Manchester Mosses is rather less, perhaps as a result of their fragmented geography and proximity to past and present sources of transport and industrial pollution. Introduction The Manchester Mosses comprise several areas of lowland bog or mire embedded in the flat countryside between Warrington and Manchester. They include several areas designated as SSSIs in view of the highly distinctive and nationally important habitat, such as Risley Moss, Holcroft Moss, Bedford Moss, and Astley Moss.
    [Show full text]