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HYDROENERGETIC POTENTIAL NATIONAL AGENCY of NATURAL RESOURCES  CONTENTS: P a G E INVEST IN ALBANIAN NATURAL RESOURCES HYDROENERGETIC POTENTIAL NATIONAL AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES CONTENTS: P a g e MESSAGE FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 3 I. ALBANIA OVERVIEW 4 II. HYDROENERGETIC SOURCES IN ALBANIA 8 • Hydropower Potential 8 • Free areas for investments 9 • Energy Development in Albania 0 • Small Hydropower Plants 0 • The investments Situation • Potential Investors 2 III. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 4 CONTACTS 8 MESSAGE FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Dear business partners! National Agency of Natural Resources (AKBN) in August 200 celebrates its fourth birthday with a very satisfactory record work and achievements. AKBN has added value to the work and programmes of all its partner institutions. After years of solid growth, Albanian Natural Resources remain a stabilizing factor in 200, in the current worldwide economic climate and the National Agency of Natural Resources as the main governmental adviser for mining, hydrocarbon, hydropower and renewable energies issues and promoter of Albanian natural resources wealth has its big responsibilities. Based on Albanian state legislation, the Albanian Government stimulates and encourages all the interior and foreign investors, interested for investments in mining industry, hydroenergetic, hydrocarbon and renewable energies field. Invest in the Albanian Natural Resources! • Get advantage from the Albanian natural resources! • Get advantage from a new, simple and facilitating legal framework! • Get advantage from the Albanian geographical position! • Profit from a new modernized infrastructure! Trust in an exploding economy! Taulant Musabelliu ALBANIA NATIONAL AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES 3 ALBANIA OVERVIEW Albania is located in south-western part of Balkans peninsula, Southeast Europe. The country is linked with the rest of the world via land, sea and air routes. OVERVIEW Characterized by a distinct mountainous landscape, of the country, 5 km east with the Republic of the average altitude of Albania is 700 meters above Macedonia and 282 km south and southeast with the sea. Based on the structure, composition and Greece. The coastline of the country is 32 km long. shape of the landscape, four physical-geographic zones are distinguished: Alps, Central Mountainous Population: about 3,5 million inhabitants (source: Region, Southern Mountainous Region and Western INSTAT). Albania is estimated to be a country with a Lowland. The highest peaks are those in the Alps relatively young population. and the Eastern Mountains (Korabi 275 m) and the lowest peaks are located in the western coast area. The landscape is intersected by the valleys of Vjosa, Devoll, Osum, Shkumbin, Erzen, Mat and Drin rivers, eastward and westward, which enable Albanian hydrographical the connection of Adriatic Sea with the internal part of the country and the Balkans territory Albania lies in the Mediterranean climatic zone, characterized by a hot dry summer, strong sunshine and generally mild winter with abundant rainfalls. Annual average rainfall is 430 mm. Situated along the Adriatic and Ionian sea coast, Albania constitute one of the key points of intersection for the roads crossing the Western Mediterranean into the Balkans and Little Asia. Albania ensures via sea route the connection with other world countries and that of the central regions of the Balkans Peninsula with the Adriatic coast. The Adriatic Sea and Otranto Strait stand in-between Albania and Italy. Albania is a Parliamentary Republic The two main ports are located in Durres and Vlora. Mother Theresa Civil Airport is based in Rinas, 25 km from the capital city. The Capital City of Albania is Tirana since 920, with an estimate population of ,000,000 inhabitants. Tirana is also the major administrative commercial centre of the country. Official language is Albanian. Borders: The border via land is 720 km long, 287 km out of which are shared with Serbia, Montenegro and the Republic of Kosovo in north and northwest NATIONAL AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES HYDROENERGETIC SOURCES IN ALBANIA NATIONAL AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES 7 Albanian hydrographical territory is 44.000 km2 or 57% larger than its geographical terri- tory. The country has eight main rivers: Drini, Buna, Vjosa, Semani, Mati, Shkumbini, Ishmi and Erzeni. The average altitude of the hydrographical territory is about 700 m above the sea level. The total average flow of the rivers is about 245 m3/sec. Due to the morphological features, Albania is quite rich in rivers, with more than 52 rivers and torrents forming eight big rivers. They have a southeast-northwest flow, mainly oriented towards the Adriatic coast The most important rivers are Drini with 340 m3/sec, Vjosa with 20 m3/sec, Seman with 0 m3/sec, Mat with 74 m3/sec, Shkumbin with 0 m3/sec, etc Although with small flows, their considerable cascade makes these rivers substantially important for the hydropower potential offered to the country. Consequently, Albania is seen as a country rich in water reserves and a hydropower potential that bears an important developmental role. River Length Catchments Average flow Module of Ratio Max/ km area, km2 m3/s flow l/S/km2 Min flow Buna 4 5.87 320 - 5,3 Drini 285 4.73 352 24,8 5, Mati 5 2.44 03 42, 9,3 Ishmi 74 73 20,9 3,0 5,9 Erzeni 09 70 8, 24,0 ,2 Shkumbini 8 2.44 ,5 25,2 3,2 Semani 28 5.49 95,7 ,9 3,7 Vjosa 272 .70 95 29, 7,2 Table 1. The main hydrologic characteristics of big rivers Hydropower Potential Albania has big hydroenergetic potential and only 33% out of it is used so far. The country has a total installed capacity of 4 MW and marks an average hydropower production of 527 GWh. Albanian Hydroenergetic potential is approximately 00.000 KWh per sq2 and the electric power production could reach up to 7 TWh. 8 NATIONAL AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES MONTENEGRO Big Hydropower Plants KOSOVO DRINI Three rivers are actually exploited in Albania in a cascade form. The hydropower plants built MATI on each cascade operate with the following ISHMI parameters: MACEDONIA ERZENI • Drin river cascade, with a total installed SHKUMBINI capacity of 350 MW, which constitutes SEMANI 92% of the country’s power generation with three hydro-power plants; • Mat river cascade, with two hydro-power VJOSA plants operating on a total installed capacity of 49 MW, GREECE • Bistrica river cascade, with a total installed capacity of 27,5 MW. Nr. Nomination of HPPs Installed Annual Generation capacity Capacity (kW) (kWh) . Ulza HPP (Mat) 25.000 20.000.000 2. Shkopeti HPP (Mat) 24.000 94.000.000 3. Bistrica I HPP (Saranda) 22.500 00.000.000 4. Vau Dejes HPP (Shkodra) 250.000 .000.000.000 5. Fierza HPP (Tropoja) 500.000 .800.000.000 . Komani HPP (Puke) 00.000 2.000.000.000 Total .42.500 5.4.000.000 Table 2. Big scale Hydro Power Plants constructed in Albania. Free areas for investments The hydrographic territory of Albania is divided in catchment basins as by the main rivers Actually, after the reconstruction of hydroenergetic objects given in concession results that free areas for possible investments in hydroeneregtic field remain Osumi catchment Basin, Vjosa and a branch of Drini river. These rivers are located in a vast territory of Albania and have a big hydroeneregtic potential. In these areas, with a high hydroenergetic potential, exist free zones for small HPPs construction. NATIONAL AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES 9 Energy Development in Small Hydropower Albania Plants Due to a long five-century ottoman Albania counts 70 small existing hydro- occupation and other historical conditions, power plants with a ranging capacity from the declaration of independence, on 20 KW to 9200 KW. Only 38 out of this total November 28, 92, Albania was a are currently operational, whereas the rest backward agrarian country, lacking any is out of function. industry whatsoever. Even during King The most part of machineries and HPP’s Zog period, Albania followed its track as equipments are Austrian, German, Chinese, an agrarian country, without any signs of Hungarian and talian productions. Some energy development. During 945-95 the parts of them are produced in Albania. The power production amounted to an average turbines are of Frencis, Pelton and Banki of 0 KWh per resident. types. The generator type is Sincron with The hydropower sector began to develop a low voltage. The average age of these after 952, when Selita hydro-power plant HPPs is approximately 25 years. started operation, with an installed capacity of 5000 KW. In 958, Ulza hydropower plant Out of the total of small hydropower started functioning with installed capacity plants: of 25.000 KW. Following the construction of other three • 32 of them operate on concessionary hydropower plants of Shkopet, Bistrica I contracts, with an installed capacity of and Bistrica II, as well as of Fier thermal- 24,4 MW power plant, in 970, power production • of them have been privatized and reached 500 KWh per resident. operate with an installed capacity In 97, 978 and 985, three of the of 2,047 MW biggest hydropower plants of the country, • 22 of them are owned by the State with Vau i Dejës HPP ( with installed power an installed capacity of ,0 MW of 250 MW), Fierza HPP (with installed The purpose of the construction power of 500 MW) and Koman HPP with of such small hydropower plants installed power of 00 MW). Other 90 small was the energy supply of the remote hydropower plants were constructed during mountain areas. this period. No further developments of the sector have They were supposed to be derivational been marked from 985 to 2007. hydropower plants and make use of the Most of SHPPs were neglected and about water flows closed to these areas. 20 of them were completly destroyed. Considering the current power-supply situation, as well as the potential demand for power, the Government has set the development of the energy sector among its priorities, focusing on the development of renewable energy resources and, in particular, the hydro-power ones.
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