DOCSLIB.ORG

1. Drin-Buna River Basin; the Balkans Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1. Drin-Buna River Basin; the Balkans Region General on water reserves; Goals of Albanian Government; Challenges of the Albanian Government; LlLegal Framewor k on water reserves in AlbiAlbania; The progress, a challenge toward the EU Integration; The elements of the Master Plan; The mission of MoEFWA in water managg;ement; Competent authorities about the responsibilities with respect to urban waste water sector; Current Conditions; The main issues raise d to day for solu tion; Treatment plants ¾ The Republic of Albania is a country in South-East Europe, in 1. Drin-Buna River Basin; the Balkans region. ¾ Population 3.200.000 people 2. Mat River Basin ¾ Surface 28. 748 km2 3. IhIshm i-Erzen River Basi n ¾ The total annual rate of flow is 39.22 billion m3/year, of which 95 % is disc harge d in to the Adr ia tic Sea and only 5% in to the 4. Shkumbini River Basin Ionian Sea. 5. Seman River Basin ¾ For the purpose of water resources management, Albania has been split up into six basins (Drin-Bune, Mati, Ishem-Erzen, 6. Vjosa River Basin Shkum bin, Seman, and Vjose). There are three key Directives that matter for convergence: The vision, strategic priorities and goals of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) of 23 October Albanian Republic for the development of the Water 2000 on Water resources management; and Sewerage Sector are driven by the Government’s Drinking Water Directive (()98/83/EC) of 3 November determination to improve these essential services for 1998, a complex of norms intended to protect human health by its citizens and to move towards compliance with EU layyging down healthiness and p urity requirements; stan dar ds, in view of the country’ s effor ts to jo in the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC) of 21 May 1991 that aim s to pr otect the envir onm ent fr om European Union. adverse effects due to discharge of urban wastewaters. ¾ Law No. 8093, dated 21.03.1996 "On Water Reserves", ¾ Law No. 9115, dated 24.7 .2003 “On Environmental treatment of wastewater; • National Water Strategy, approved in 2004, but needs to be redrafted to ¾ Law No. 7643, dated 02.12 .1992 "On public health and State Sanitary comppyly the requirements of the Water Framework Directive, Inspectorate”, • Council of Ministers Decision No. 1189 dated 18.11.2009, "On ¾ Law No. 10 431, dated 9.6 .2011 , “On Environmental protection” designing and implementation of rules and procedures of national environmental monitoring program". For each environmental indicator, ¾ Law No.8102, dated 28.3.1996, “On regulatory Framework on the sector of which is measured or calculated, it contains the name, the way of defining, Water supply and waste water management”; measuring method and place of sample receipt, frequency and unit of measurement, method of processing and presentation of data. ¾ Law No. 9663, dated 18.12.2006 “On Concessions” ¾ Law No. 9863, dated 28.01 .2008 “On Food" • Council of Ministers Decision No. 177 dated 31.3.2005, “On allowed rates of liquid discharges and zoning criteria of hosting aquatic ¾ Law No. 9103, dated 10.07.2003 "On protection of international lakes” environments" This Decision aims to prevent, to reduce and avoid pollution ¾ Law No. 10138, dated 11.05 .2009 “On Public health"; of hosting aquatic environments from dangerous substances that discharge in those through contaminated water, setting limit values for allowed ¾ Law No. 8515 “On Irrigation and Drainage” components according supplements, attached to this decision which are ¾ NtiNationa l StSector Stttrategy of WtWater Supply and Sewage Serv ice approved integral part of it. on September, 2011. • Council of Ministers Decision No. 23 dated 9.1.2008 • Drafting of Law on Water Management, prepared by the “Approved tariffs for water use” as amended, which sets MMEFWAoEFWA with the assist ance of the INPAEL project , and water rates for different uses. which is currently under discussion at the Council of Ministries, transposes Directive 2000/60/EC; • Council of Ministers Decision No. 289, dated 15.04.2005 "Designation of requirements and procedures for approval • Drafting of DCM on “Content, Development and of permits, authorizations and concessions for use of ilimplemen ttitation of NtilNational WtWater stttrategy, Managemen t water” Plans of river basin and Management plans of risk by floods”. •Drafifting o f Mati Riiiver Basin Management P lan accor ding to • Council of Ministers Decision No. 35, dated. 18.01.2006, the requirements of the EU WFD; "Approval of theregultilation for worksof consttitruction of • Drafting of DCM “On water quality standards”. sewerage systems, for the removal of domestic used water General • Drafting of DCM on Urban Waste Water Treatment prepared Directorate of by the MMEFWAoEFWA with theassiitstance of the INPAEL projjtect, Water which is expected to be soon approved by the Government of Management Albania, fully transposes the provisions of Directive 91/271/EEC Concerning Urban Waste Water Treatment, as amended by Directive 98/15/EC, Regulation EC/1882/2003 Fisheries Water Policies Technical and Regulation EC/1137/2008. Directory Directorate Directorate • DfiDrafting of Master plan for the management of urban waste water in Albania in compliance with Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban wastewater tttreatmen t,as amended by Directive 98/15/EC G.I.S and Management Electronic andld plann ing Water Archieve sector Sector Main aims and provisions of the Directive; The mission of Environment, Forestry,Water Indirect Requirements / implications ; Administration Ministry (MoFWA) is to propose, Links with other legislation; establish and implement policy, strategy and Methodology and data sources; operational plans for the protection and Requ iremen ts and tas ks for imp lemen ta tion of the UWWT administration of environment, forest and water in Directive; order to achieve sustainable development, improve Resources and costs ; the qualityof lifeand acceltlerate theadherence of our Plan for implementation of the UWWT Directive; country in EU. General Directorate of Water Supply and Sewerage within the Ministry of Public Works has the following responsibilities: 9 Prepare strategies and policies for the sector and to follow up on their Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Water implementation; Administration is responsible for: 9 Plan the bu dget and financ ing of the sector in Alban ia – from the state bdbudget and 9 Establishing the water quality standards and outside investors; 9 Manage and distribute subsidies from the state; objectives 9 Monitoring of the operations and functioning of the Water and Sewerage; 9 Controlling the compliance with the legislation in Regulatory Commission for Water Supply and Sanitation is responsible to set force; tariff for water services National Environmental Agency is responsible for monitoring the quality of 9 PiPreparing environmenta l permit condiiditions surface water and of waters into which urban or industrial waste water is discharged; Loca l Publi c Admi n istrat ion (LPA) is responsible for operation and maintenance of the sewerage systems and the urban waste water treatment • The situation of water supply and sewerage infrastructure in • Urban areas have mostly combined sewage and storm Albania is in a critical state, considering the old networks, water collection networks that discharge into nearby massive leakage in all parts of the system, illegal connections, surface water bodies. Most of the urban waste water unstable supply pattern, uncontrolled rural-to-urban is presently discharged without treatment into water migration, and low maintenance due to lack of funds. bodies. Rural areas have mostly individual household Monitoring waste water collection systems, principally simple pit- • Currently there are 35 urban waste water impact monitoring latrines with no drainage pipes. stations, operated by the Institute of Environment. These stations are located along rivers and the coast in Durres, Vlore • In Albania, there are 58 water and sewerage and Sarande. There are 38 river water qqyuality monitoring companies that administrate the collection and stations, operated by the Hydro-meteorological Institute. treatment of used water. Monitoring stations are also located at the lakes Ohrid, Macro Prespa, Shkodra and Butrinti. Treatment plants of waste water in KAVAJE •Establis hing thddhe standard treatment of • Covers a populla tion: 25. 000 p.e ; polluted water in compliance with the qqyuality • Avarage flow rate: 4,500 m3/day. of receiving waters. • The total surface of the plant: 13 ha. •Biological secondary treatment level with drip filter • Standard treatment for an affordable cost. Treatment plants of waste water in Pogradec • Standard treatment, that provides • Covers a popullation: 25. 000 pep.e ; sustainability (inculding operational and • Avarage flow rate: 26 l/s. maintenance cost). • The total surface of the plant: 15 ha. • Biological secondary treatment level with drip filter Treatment plants of waste water in Lezhe • Covers a popullation: 30. 000 ppe.e ; Treatment plants of waste water in Durres • Avarage flow rate: 22.2 l/s. • The total surface of the plant: 29. 1 ha. • Covers a popullation: 150. 000 p.e ; • Biological secondary treatment level •Avarage flow rate: 111 l/s. Treatment plants of waste water in Vlora • The total surface of the plant: 17 ha. • Covers a popullation: 130. 000 p.e ; • Advanced biological treatment, tertiary where is obtained the • Avarage flow rate: 31.200 m3/day gas for the production of electricity. • The total surface of the plant: 3.4 ha. Treatment plants of waste water in Sarande •Primary level treatment based on biological processes. • Covers a popullation: 30. 000 p.e ; Treatment plants of waste water in Korça • Avarage flow rate: 22.2 l/s. • Covers a populla tion: 86. 500 p.e ; • Avarage flow rate: 16.366 m3/day. • The total surface of the plant: 14.7 ha. • The total surface of the plant: 13 ha. • Biological secondary treatment level • Biological secondary treatment level Treatment plants of waste water in college, Narte • Population 200 pupils; • Surface 65 m2 • Inflow 2.2 m3/day • Artificial basin treatment; In project to build a treatment plant of waste water as a decentralized system, “SOS” college in Tirana.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Baseline Assessment of the Lake Ohrid Region - Albania
    TOWARDS STRENGTHENED GOVERNANCE OF THE SHARED TRANSBOUNDARY NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE LAKE OHRID REGION Baseline Assessment of the Lake Ohrid region - Albania IUCN – ICOMOS joint draft report January 2016 Contents ........................................................................................................................................................................... i A. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... 1 B. The study area ........................................................................................................................................... 5 B.1 The physical environment ............................................................................................................. 5 B.2 The biotic environment ................................................................................................................. 7 B.3 Cultural Settings ............................................................................................................................ 0 C. Heritage values and resources/ attributes ................................................................................................ 6 C.1 Natural heritage values and resources ......................................................................................... 6 C.2 Cultural heritage values and resources....................................................................................... 12 D.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download PDF -.Tllllllll
    Journal of Coastal Research 345-354 Royal Palm Beach, Florida Spring 1999 Rapid Holocene Evolution and Neotectonics of the Albanian Adriatic Coastline Steve Mathers'[j; David S. Brew], and Russell S. Arthurtonf tBritish Geological Survey :j:Department of Geology Keyworth University of Leicester Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK University Road Leicester LEI 7RH, UK ABSTRACT . MATHERS, S., BREW, D.S., and ARTHURTON, R.S., 1999. Rapid Holocene Evolution and Neotectonics of the Al­ .tllllllll:. banian Adriatic Coastline. Journal ofCoastal Research, 15(2), 345-354. Royal Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. ~ High-resolution 1986 Landsat TM images of the Adriatic coast of Albania have been compared with aerial photographs eusss___ :........a..... ~ obtained in 1943, and published literature, in order to decipher the sedimentary architecture and evolution of the WdW- __a late-Holocene deposits of the coastal plain. This coastline is microtidal and dominated by wave action; and abundant ... a:= sediment is supplied by rivers draining the uplifted mountainous interior of this tectonically active region. The coastal plain has prograded up to 40 km since relative sea level rise slowed down around 6000 years BP. The inland parts of the coastal plain are dominated by parallel storm beach ridges whilst the coastal fringe exhibits a diversity of symmetrical to asymmetrical wave-dominated deltas and spit-deltas encompassing cut-off lagoons. A genetic model to explain the variability of wave-dominated deltas on the Albanian coast is proposed showing a spectrum of forms between prograding symmetrical cuspate deltas formed by bi-directionallongshore drift and highly asymmetrical spit­ deltas formed by uni-directional longshore drift.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geological Setting of Durrës - Rodon Region in Albania
    J.Int. Environmental Application & Science, Vol. 15(2): 41-47 (2020) Research Paper The Geological Setting of Durrës - Rodon Region in Albania Arjol Lule∗, Shaqir Nazaj Faculty of Geology and Mining, Tirana, Albania; Faculty of Geology and Mining, Tirana, Albania. Received March 04, 2020; Accepted April 21, 2020 Abstract: The object of this paper are some considerations on the geologic features of the region north to Shkumbin river in Albania based on the latest data from the complex studies on the relations of Kruja and Ionian zones with the South Adriatic basin. The paper highlights the tectonic features of the prognosis deep structures, facies types etc. The folding phases for this region are of Chattian, Burdigalian and Tortonian when the structures of the eastern part of Kruja zone are folded at an earlier geologic time as compared to the structures foreseen to be encountered at the western part of region. The lower tectonic stage in the studied region, as compared to the know structures of Ionian zone to the south and of Kruja zone in the east, appear with less developed tectonics and less effected by the folding tectonic phases. The influence of these folding phases over Kruja and Ionian tectonic zones has been considerable causing a mighty folding of structures and at the same time their big overlapping to the west. These facts drive us to the conclusion that the Ionian zone structures and consequently the separate tectonic belts within this zone must not extent to the north. Key words: Kruja and Ionian zone, tectonic, structures. Introduction The study region represents a very complicated geological area, where three tectonic zones collides: 1- Kruja tectonic zone in the east; 2- Ionian tectonic zone in the south; 3- Southern extension of the Adriatic Basin, Fig.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Devoll Hydropower Project
    ! ! Official Assessment Statkraft Devoll Hydropower Project Albania Project Stage: Implementation Assessment Date: 21/11/2016 to 25/11/2016 ! ! Final Report Date: 01/06/2017!! ! ! Client:!Statkraft!AS! Lead+Assessor:!Doug!Smith,!independent!consultant!(DSmith!Environment!Ltd)! Co0assessors:!Joerg!Hartmann,!independent!consultant,!and!Elisa!Xiao,!independent!consultant! Project+size:!256!MW! ! ! ! ! ! + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cover+page+photo:!Banjë!reservoir,!looking!upstream!towards!the!town!of!Gramsh!and!the!reservoir!tail! ! Devoll Hydropower Project, Albania www.hydrosustainability.org | ii ! ! Acronyms Acronym+ Full+Text+ ADCP! Acoustic!Doppler!Current!Profiler! AIP! Annual!Implementation!Plan! ARA! Albanian!Roads!Authority! ASA! Archaeological!Service!Agency! BOOT! Build,!Own,!Operate,!Transfer! CA! Concession!Agreement! CDM! Clean!Development!Mechanism! CER! Certified!Emissions!Reductions! Devoll!HPP! Devoll!Hydropower!Project,!i.e.!the!entire!project!including!Banjë!and!Moglicë!projects!and! associated!infrastructure! DHP! Devoll!Hydropower!Sh.A! EMAP! Environmental!Management!and!Action!Plan! ESIA! Environmental!and!Social!Impact!Assessment!! ESM! Environmental!and!Social!Management! ESMP! Environmental!and!Social!Management!Plan! ESMPSO! Environmental!and!Social!Management!Plan!for!the!Operation!Stage! EVN!AG! An!Austrian!utility!group! EU! European!Union! FIDIC! International!Federation!of!Consulting!Engineers! GIS! Geographical!Information!System! GHG! Greenhouse!Gas! GoA! Government!of!Albania! GRI!
    [Show full text]
  • Albania Environmental Performance Reviews
    Albania Environmental Performance Reviews Third Review ECE/CEP/183 UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEWS ALBANIA Third Review UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2018 Environmental Performance Reviews Series No. 47 NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In particular, the boundaries shown on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The United Nations issued the second Environmental Performance Review of Albania (Environmental Performance Reviews Series No. 36) in 2012. This volume is issued in English only. Information cut-off date: 16 November 2017. ECE Information Unit Tel.: +41 (0)22 917 44 44 Palais des Nations Fax: +41 (0)22 917 05 05 CH-1211 Geneva 10 Email: [email protected] Switzerland Website: http://www.unece.org ECE/CEP/183 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No.: E.18.II.E.20 ISBN: 978-92-1-117167-9 eISBN: 978-92-1-045180-2 ISSN 1020–4563 iii Foreword The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) Environmental Performance Review (EPR) Programme provides assistance to member States by regularly assessing their environmental performance. Countries then take steps to improve their environmental management, integrate environmental considerations into economic sectors, increase the availability of information to the public and promote information exchange with other countries on policies and experiences.
    [Show full text]
  • Roma and Egyptians in Albania Public Disclosure Authorized from Social Exclusion to Social Inclusion
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Ilir Gedeshi Sabine Beddies Hermine De Soto From Social Exclusion to Social Inclusion Roma and Egyptians in Albania THE WORLD BANK WORLD BANK WORKING PAPER NO. WORLD 53 BANK WORKING PAPER WORLD BANK WORKING PAPER NO. 53 Roma and Egyptians in Albania From Social Exclusion to Social Inclusion Hermine G. De Soto Sabine Beddies Ilir Gedeshi THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. Copyright © 2005 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First Printing: March 2005 printed on recycled paper 12345070605 World Bank Working Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank’s work to the development community with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper there- fore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply and judgment on the part of The World Bank of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydro Geomorphological Classification of the Albanian Coastline in the Mediterranean Sea
    Hydrology Days 2007 Hydro Geomorphological Classification of the Albanian Coastline in the Mediterranean Sea Niko Pano1, Alfred Frasheri2, Bardhyl Avdyli1, Koço Gjoka3, Marenglen Bukli3, Shpetim Bozdo4 1. Hydrometeorological Institute, Hydrology Department 2. Faculty of Geology and Mining, Polytechnic University of Tirana 3. Albanian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Informatics and Applied Mathematics 4. Polytechnic University, Department of Mathematics and Informatics Abstract. Albanian coastal area in the Mediterranean sea is about 380 km. long with about1 284 km along the Adriatic Sea, and the remain 96 km facing the Ionian Sea. This area represents the Easter side of Otranto Strait. River mouths and deltas, lagoons system, abandoned riverbeds, inland, marsh labyrinths, sandy beaches, dunes covered with vegetation, dens forests, represent Albanian littoral, with enormous international importance for its biodiversity and natural productivity. This area is considered one of the most complicated natural areas of the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper it is attempted to present a general evaluation of the natural particularities of the sea coast in Albania. Morphological classification and coastal evaluation are the principal components of the paper. Marine and onshore integrated surveys and the studies for investigation, monitoring and estimation of the physical characteristics of the Albanian coastal area were performed during the period 1958-2005. The natural particularities of the sea coast is mainly determined by variation of the impact of climate change, continental water discharge in the sea, suspended load discharge, wave refraction, trajectory of the main marine currents in the coastal area, etc. The shores have differences concerning geological, climatic, geomorphologic, sediment logic. Fluvial features in structure of a coastal zone and talasographic field.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Document (PDF | 3.87
    Emergency Plan of Action Final Report Albania: Floods DREF Operation Final Report Operation n° MDRAL007 Date of Issue: 24 August 2018 Glide number: FL-2017-000174-ALB Date of disaster: 30 November 2017 Operation end date: 9 May 2018 Operation start date: 9 December 2017 (following a two-month extension) Host National Society: Operation budget: CHF 222,915 Albanian Red Cross (ARC) with 30 staff, 450 volunteers Number of people affected: 4,700 families Number of people assisted: 2,150 families or approx. 21,000 people or approx. 8,600 people National Societies involved in the operation: Turkish Red Crescent Society, Red Cross of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Italian Red Cross, Croatian Red Cross, Red Cross Society of China, Red Cross of Montenegro, Bulgarian Red Cross Other partner organizations involved in the operation: Directory for Civil Emergency; Prefectures/Municipalities, Emergency Management Commissions in affected areas A. SITUATION ANALYSIS Description of the disaster Heavy rainfall affected the territory of Albania starting on 30 November 2017. In some areas, the density of rain was 130 mm for two uninterrupted hours. River levels rapidly increased and water channels were blocked by debris streams, leading to floods in urban and densely-populated areas. Based on the bulletin issued by Albania’s Geosciences, Energy, Water and Environment Institute forecasting heavy rains for the period between 29 November and 4 December 2017, the Directorate for Civil Emergency issued an early warning to the population for flooding and landslides. The Albanian central government ordered the establishment of Emergency Management Commissions across the country in response to the situation and all structures of police, army units, and emergency response teams to be placed on full alert.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Forecasting in the Western Lowland of Albania with Application of the Hydrological Modelling
    J. Int. Environmental Application & Science, Vol. 15(4):216-223 (2020) Research Paper Flood Forecasting in the Western Lowland of Albania with Application of the Hydrological Modelling Klodian Zaimi∗, Orjeta Jaupaj Institute of GeoSciences Energy Water and Environment, Tirana, Albania Received December 07, 2020; Accepted December 30, 2020 Abstract: Floods are natural disasters with more consequences in Albania. The most risked areas, from river floods, lie mainly in the western lowlands of the country. These areas, which are mainly areas with agricultural development, are very important in the economic development of Albania. Historically, the hydrological forecast in Albania has been based on observations of the upstream of rivers. These methods do not provide the time needed for flood management because floods rutting time to the flood plain is relatively short, due to the large slope and short rivers. Only in the last decade, more advanced techniques have been used to forecast floods, including hydrological modelling. Analysis of the present status and existing methods, in flood forecasting, is necessary to determine where the forecasting system should be improved. Determination, if there will be flooding, is related to the flood hydrograph forecast in the river sections, which are of interest. Increased flood forecasting time can be performed with the help of HEC-HMS hydrological modelling and meteorological model ICON-EU. The hydrological model used as input daily hydrometeorological observed data for precipitation and temperature in the period 1990-2018. The hydrological historical data in the period 1990-2008 was used for calibrating the model. Flood forecasting has as its main objective information in time to the authorities, or the population to take precautions measures, and to be prepared in case the forecast on the likelihood of a flood, including the size and timing of the event, at key locations of watercourses.
    [Show full text]
  • Internal Mobility and International Migration in Albania
    Internal Mobility and International Migration in Albania Calogero Carletto, Benjamin Davis, Marco Stampini, Stefano Trento and Alberto Zezza ESA Working Paper No. 04-13 June 2004 Agricultural and Development Economics Division The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations www.fao.org/es/esa ESA Working Paper No. 04-13 www.fao.org/es/esa Internal Mobility and International Migration in Albania June 2004 Calogero Carletto* Benjamin Davis Agricultural and Development Agricultural and Development Economics Division Economics Division Economic and Social Department Economic and Social Department Food and Agriculture Organization Food and Agriculture Organization Italy Italy e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Marco Stampini Stefano Trento Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa Carlos III University, Madrid e-mal: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Alberto Zezza* Agricultural and Development Economics Division Economic and Social Department Food and Agriculture Organization Italy e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Using evidence from two recent data sources – the 2002 Albania Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) and the 2001 Population Census of Albania – the paper documents the phenomena of internal and external migration in Albania, a country that in the past decade has experienced dramatic changes as it makes its transition to a more open market economy. Albania is a country on the move, both internally and internationally. This mobility plays a key role in household-level strategies to cope with the economic hardship of transition and it is perhaps the single most important political, social, and economic phenomenon in post-communist Albania.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining and Environment in the Western Balkans
    Mining and environment in the Western Balkans www.envsec.org This study was initiated by the Environment and Security Initiative (ENV- SEC), a partnership between UNDP, UNEP, OSCE, NATO, UNECE and REC. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect views of neither UNEP nor ENVSEC partner organizations or their member-countries. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this study do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authority, or delineation of its frontiers and boundaries. “Mining and Environment in the Western Balkans” is also available as in- teractive map and information film for further insight in this subject. Both are available at www.envsec.org UNEP promotes environmentally sound practices globally and in its own activities. This report is printed on 100% recycled paper, using vegetable-based inks and other eco- friendly practices. Our distribution policy aims to reduce UNEP’s carbon footprint. Mining and environment in the Western Balkans Editor This study was prepared by Zoi Environment Christina Stuhlberger Network on behalf of UNEP Vienna in the framework of the Environment and Security Ini- Cartography tiative - South Eastern Europe with support of the Matthias Beilstein Austrian Development Agency (ADA) and the www.zoinet.org Produced by Zoï Environment Network Christina Stuhlberger Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland. Photography A special “thank you” to the many members of UNDP Montenegro the ENVSEC - South Eastern Europe family and Philip Peck friends of the Balkan who contributed through- Christina Stuhlberger out the years with passion and dedication to the topic.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Research Study Water Management in Albania Status of Transposition
    ENV.net Development of the ENV.net in West Balkan and Turkey: giving citizens a voice to influence the environmental process reforms for closer EU integration EuropeAid/132438/C/ACT/Multi 2012/306-642 Research study Water Management in Albania Status of transposition Implementation The way forward By Teida SHEHI 1 THIS PROJECT IS FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission ENV.net Development of the ENV.net in West Balkan and Turkey: giving citizens a voice to influence the environmental process reforms for closer EU integration EuropeAid/132438/C/ACT/Multi 2012/306-642 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4 I. Directive 2000/60/EC on Water Framework ..................................................................................... 5 III. Actual legal and institutional framework of Water Management in Albania ..................................... 8 IV. What says the EU Annual Progress Report 2013 for Albania? ......................................................... 15 V. Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 16 Annex I .................................................................................................................................................. 18 Bibliography .........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]