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Registration Requirements for Postwar Historic Resources (1945-1970)

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Registration Requirements for Postwar Historic Resources (1945-1970) Registration Requirements for Postwar Historic Resources (1945-1970) 1 Table of Contents Theme: Residential Development .......................................................................................................................... 3 Registration Requirements....................................................................................................................................... 5 Theme: Business and Commerce ......................................................................................................................... 10 Subtheme: Retail and Entertainment ..................................................................................................................... 10 Subtheme: Office Buildings ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Subtheme: Auto-Related ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Registration Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Theme: Industry .................................................................................................................................................. 16 Registration Requirements..................................................................................................................................... 17 Theme: Institutional Development ...................................................................................................................... 20 Subtheme: Schools ................................................................................................................................................. 20 Subtheme: Churches ............................................................................................................................................... 21 Subtheme: Social Organizations ............................................................................................................................. 23 Subtheme: Hospitals ............................................................................................................................................... 23 Registration Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 24 Theme: Civic Improvements and Municipal Infrastructure .................................................................................. 27 Subtheme: Parks and Recreation ............................................................................................................................ 27 Subtheme: Government ......................................................................................................................................... 28 Registration Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 29 Theme: Postwar Architectural Styles in Fremont ................................................................................................. 33 Subtheme: Late Moderne ....................................................................................................................................... 34 Subtheme: International Style ................................................................................................................................ 35 Subtheme: Mid-Century Modern ........................................................................................................................... 37 Subtheme: Googie .................................................................................................................................................. 40 Subtheme: New Formalism..................................................................................................................................... 41 Subtheme: Minimal Traditional .............................................................................................................................. 43 Subtheme: Ranch .................................................................................................................................................... 44 Registration Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 47 2 Theme: Residential Development The 1940s and early 1950s were transformative times for residential development patterns in Washington Township. Before World War II, landowners platted small subdivisions, but relatively few homes were constructed on the empty parcels, which were sold to individuals to build on as they pleased. Following the war, landowners carved additional parcels out of their agricultural land near existing towns, mostly enlarging existing tracts. The principles dictating the design of subdivisions in the Fremont area have their roots in regulations set by the Federal Housing Authority. The FHA published a series of informational pamphlets to help spread these ideas and to inform land developers and speculative builders of the economic advantages of good planning in the creation and maintenance of real estate values.1 In 1944, the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, more commonly known as the GI Bill, authorized the Veteran’s Administration (VA) to oversee a package of benefits that included federally insured mortgages with no down payment and 30 years to maturity. Both the FHA and VA concentrated their investment on new houses in the suburbs. Moreover, the FHA developed specific guidelines that were set for qualifying houses including the price range between $6,000 and $8,000 and the size range between 800 and 1,000 square feet. In addition, the government also dictated a modest house style and form, furthering the emergence of the conservative Minimal Traditional style and Ranch styles (described under the Postwar Architectural 2 Profile of Orchard Homes residential development (Architect and Styles Theme). Engineer, January 1950) The typical township developers of the late 1940s and early 1950s were not large-scale builders; they sold empty lots to individuals or to builders who constructed less than twenty houses on speculation. The first postwar subdivision in Washington Township was in Niles. It was an extension of a tract initially subdivided by Joseph Shinn in 1935 and then expanded in 1945.3 Other tracts, including the Orchard Homes Tract in Niles and the Hansen Tract in Centerville, followed this postwar pattern of expanding 1 Excerpted almost directly from HRG, Cultural Resources of the Recent Past, City of Pasadena, p. 28. 2 Excerpted almost directly from San Diego Modernism Historic Context Statement, p. 38. 3 Minor, “Historic Context of Glenmoor Gardens,” 7. 3 previously undeveloped subdivisions.4 The Hansen Tract was the largest residential subdivision prior to the 1950s and encompassed 105 lots by 1947.5 Prewar patterns of small residential tracts slowly expanding evolved into larger scale residential developments in the early 1950s. The pattern of development changed dramatically in the early 1950s. Developers such as John Brooks’ Besco Company and James R. Meyer’s Glenmoor Homes took over the entire process of subdividing former agricultural land, constructing and selling houses on a massive scale.6 The Glenmoor subdivision, constructed by Glenmoor Homes Incorporated beginning in 1951, had 1,624 homes, more than ten times the size of the Hansen Tract.7 Washington Township was a prime location for developers constructing middle class homes within commuting distance of the Bay Area’s growing industrial and commercial employment opportunities. Typical ranch house subdivision, Westwood Avenue in Typical ranch house subdivision in Mission San Jose area, LeMarc Glenmoor Gardens neighborhood (GPA Consulting, 2015) Street house built in 1953 (GPA Consulting, 2015) Subdivision activity on a massive scale would expand, peaking in 1956. Roy Dean, a resident of Mission San Jose, noted that developers, “…seemed like they had no regard for the aesthetics of the city or of what people wanted.”8 Longtime and new residents recognized that more attention to planning and zoning was needed to control developments expanding across the township, sparking their desire to incorporate Fremont as its own city. After incorporation, existing subdivisions were expanded and new developments took over swaths of former agricultural land. The existing subdivisions of Glenmoor and Cabrillo were expanded between 1956 and 1960. Centerville was a hub of development activity, with new residential neighborhoods planned by 4 Orchard Homes was originally platted in 1941 and then expanded in 1947. The Hansen Tract was originally platted in 1926 and expanded in 1947. Minor, “Historic Context of Glenmoor Gardens,” 7; Woodruff Minor, et. al, “Kvistad Homes Inc. Tract House, 3673 Kvistad Drive: Department of Parks and Recreation Primary Record and Building, Structure and Object Record,” (July 2009), 3; Minor, “Domingos Silva House,” 3. 5 Minor, “Domingos Silva House,” 3. 6 John Brooks was a large scale developer who began selling Washington Township homes in the early 1950s and would go on to lead Besco and Singer Housing Company, building one of every four houses in Fremont. Carl Nolte, “John Brooks—major developer in Fremont, Co-founder
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