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MARCELO SOETH.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ MARCELO SOETH ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL, PADRÕES MIGRATÓRIOS E CONECTIVIDADE DE Chaetodipterus faber NO OCEANO ATLÂNTICO SUL PONTAL DO PARANÁ 2019 MARCELO SOETH ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL, PADRÕES MIGRATÓRIOS E CONECTIVIDADE DE Chaetodipterus faber NO OCEANO ATLÂNTICO SUL Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Setor de Ciências da Terra, Universidade Federal do Paraná, como pré- requisito à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos. Orientadores: Prof. Dr. Alberto Teodorico Correia Prof. Dr. Henry Louis Spach Prof. Dr. Felippe Alexandre Daros Linha de Pesquisa: Biologia e Ecologia de Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos PONTAL DO PARANÁ 2019 CATALOGAÇÃO NA FONTE: UFPR / SiBi - Biblioteca do Centro de Estudos do Mar Liliam Maria Orquiza - CRB-9/712 Soeth, Marcelo S681e Estrutura populacional, padrões migratórios e conectividade de Chaetodipterus faber no Oceano Atlântico Sul. / Marcelo Soeth. – Pontal do Paraná, 2019. 162 f.: il.; color.; 29 cm. Orientadores: Prof. Dr. Alberto Teodorico Correia, Prof. Dr. Henry Louis Spach e Prof. Dr. Felippe Alexandre Daros. Tese (Doutorado) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceâ- nicos, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Setor de Ciências da Terra, Universidade Federal do Paraná. 1. Ephippidae. 2. Ephippidae - crescimento. 3. Peixe - paru. 4. Ephippidae - reprodução. 5. Ephippidae - microquímica de otólito. 6. Ephippidae - forma dos otólitos. 7. Ephippidae - delineamento do estoque. 8. Ephippidae - migração. 9. Oceano Atlântico Sul. I. Título. II. Correa, Alberto Teodorico. III. Spach, Henry Louis. IV. Daros, Felippe Alexandre. V. Universidade Federal do Paraná. CDD 597 AGRADECIMENTOS Chegando ao final destes quatros anos de doutoramento tenho a oportunidade de agradecer o apoio, colaboração e participação de instituições, pesquisadores, colegas, amigos e familiares que tornaram possível o desenvolvimento desta tese de doutorado. Sou extremamente grato aos orientadores Alberto Teodorico Correia, Henry Louis Spach e Felippe Alexandre Daros pelos preciosos direcionamentos, explicações, exemplos, ensinamentos e conselhos que foram fundamentais para a evolução dos trabalhos nestes anos. Agradeço a você Henry por ter me acolhido no seu laboratório em 2012, por ter compartilhado tantas histórias boas, pela infinidade de exemplos sobre os padrões espaciais e de ocorrência de diversas espécies de peixes, pela ajuda na leitura dos otólitos, pelas sugestões analíticas, por não ter medidos esforços para viabilizar as amostragens e execução dos trabalhos, pela amizade e todos os conselhos ao longo desses anos. Agradeço a você Felippe por ter me apresentado às possibilidades de uso dos otólitos como marcadores naturais, pelos primeiros delineamentos do projeto, pela paciência, pelos primeiros processamentos dos otólitos lá no laboratório do Shcwingel na UNIVALI, pela continua colaboração nos trabalhos, pela parceria nos mergulhos, discussões e amizade. Agradeço especialmente a você Alberto pelo direcionamento na construção dos objetivos e hipóteses de trabalho, por ter me conduzido em todas as etapas de preparação dos otólitos para as análises químicas no CIIMAR, pelas longas conversas sobre a definição do tamanho de primeira maturação, interpretação das informações derivadas dos otólitos, por facilitar a logística para as análises químicas dos otólitos, incluindo as nossas idas ao Laboratório HERCULES em Évora e ao Laboratório de Espectroscopia de Laser e Plasma em Oviedo (momentos de enorme aprendizado e satisfação pessoal e profissional), pela amizade, paciência e disposição em me conduzir até aqui. Também agradeço muito ao professor Luís Fernando Fávaro pela orientação nas análises reprodutivas, pela amizade, pelas boas conversas e conselhos, sempre com muito bom humor. Sou eternamente grato a todos vocês, orientadores, por possibilitarem a minha evolução como pesquisar e conclusão desta etapa. Agradeço aos professores e pesquisadores Rodrigo Rodrigues Domingues, Sergio Ricardo Floeter, June Ferraz Dias, Rodrigo Pereira Medeiros, Matheus Oliveira Freitas, Paulo Ricardo Shcwingel, Renato Hajenius Aché de Freitas pelas sugestões, críticas e revisões feitas nas avaliações de projeto, relatórios e exame de qualificação. Certamente todos os comentários contribuíram para evolução e construção da tese. A todos você o meu muito obrigado. Agradeço aos professores Mauricio Almeida Noenberg, Maikon di Domenico, Leonardo Sandrini Neto pela disponibilidade em sanar dúvidas em relação à oceanografia física, estatística e R. Agradeço ao professor Paulo da Cunha Lana e a pesquisadora Giseli Calvacante Morais pelo empréstimo da lupa e suporte na obtenção das imagens. Agradeço a professora Sibelle Trevisan Disaró pela doação da estufa utilizada no processamento histológico e pela disponibilização dos equipamentos do seu laboratório. Também agradeço ao pesquisador Antonio Olinto Ávila da Silva do Instituto de Pesca de São Paulo pelo empréstimo da cortadeira de precisão Isomet. Um muito obrigado a todos os membros do Laboratório de Ecofisiologia do CIIMAR, em especial a doutoranda Claudia Filipa Moreira pela ajuda e paciência com os calouros. Agradeço também pelo acolhimento e suporte técnico fornecido pelo grupo de pesquisa do Laboratório HERCULES da Universidade de Évora, em especial aos pesquisadores Pedro Barrulas e Jose Mirão pelo suporte analítico. Agradeço também ao pesquisador Jorge Pisonero do Laboratório de Espectroscopia de Laser e Plasma da Universidade de Oviedo pela ótima estadia e consecução analítica realizada com pela técnica Ana Méndez. Agradeço a todos que contribuíram na obtenção das amostras biológicas, especialmente ao Betão, Airton, Abraão, Lilyane, Barbara, Robin, Johnatas, Ciro, Guinho, Leonardo, Leo, Zequiel, Zá, Luiz Mafra, Déo e muitos outros que intermediaram e deram boas sugestões de coleta. Agradeço também ao professor Breno Barros pela obtenção de amostras em Belém, a professora Priscila Lopes pela obtenção de amostras no Rio Grande do Norte, ao pesquisador e Tiago de Moraes Lenz pela amostragem robusta em São Luis do Maranhão. Embora estas amostras tão valiosas não tenham sido inclusas na tese, muito em breve serão utilizadas. Mais uma vez muitíssimo obrigado. Agradeço ao parceiro de doutoramento e amigo Johnatas Adelir Alves pela vibe, companheirismo e colaboração durante muitas etapas nestes quatro anos. Muito aprendizado foi consolidado nas nossas conversas, discussões junto com a amada Super Bock. O período no CIIMAR não teria sido o mesmo sem você. Valeu demais! Agradeço também a todos os amigos e colegas do Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes do CEM, em especial a Isa, Nati, Lorraine, Maira, Duda, Guilherme e Lily pelas ricas discussões, conversas e cafezinhos. Um muito obrigado a Ana Emília Woltrich e Marina Paiotti do Canto pela parceria no processamento das amostras biológicas. Agradeço a Fundação Araucária (Convênio 020/2015) e a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pelo suporte financeiro e concessão da bolsa de doutorado e doutorado sanduíche. Agradeço também aos coordenadores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO) pela captação e concessão da bolsa CAPES de doutorado sanduíche. Também agradeço ao PGSISCO pelo suporte logístico nas campanhas de amostragem e suporte financeiro para a participação em eventos científicos. Um agradecimento super especial a minha pretinha linda, minha companheira Ana. Você conseguiu me aguentar durante este período psicológico diferenciado, me deu todo apoio e incentivo necessário para chegar até aqui. Além de tudo, botou a mão na massa mesmo, passou longas horas no laboratório até tarde da madruga, me ajudou em Portugal com o processamento dos otólitos e tornou o período muito mais prazeroso. Sou muito grato por tudo. Agradeço também aos meus sogros, Therezinha e Claudio, que me acolheram na família e me deram todo o suporte e apoio nesta jornada. E por fim, agradeço com todo o coração a minha família, meus pais, minha irmã, meu irmão que mesmo distante é tão presente, meu querido vô, que incondicionalmente, sempre apoiaram as minhas decisões e me fizeram acreditar que o mais importante é trabalharmos com aquilo que nos desperta, que nos motiva, com aquilo que temos paixão. O Mar! A todos vocês o meu muitíssimo obrigado PREFÁCIO A pesca desempenha um papel fundamental no fornecimento de alimentos, renda e emprego em muitas partes do mundo. Contudo, após intensa atividade pesqueira nas últimas décadas, muitas populações marinhas explotadas comercialmente apresentaram um declínio expressivo. Este cenário global tem redirecionado parte do esforço das frotas pesqueiras para outras espécies de menor valor comercial. Claramente, a sustentabilidade do setor pesqueiro e a conservação das populações explotadas e seus habitats depende da implementação de medidas eficazes de gestão pesqueira. Para isto, são necessários objetivos claros e um processo de tomada de decisão apoiado nas melhores informações disponíveis. Informações sobre recursos pesqueiros emergentes são escassas e usualmente não há medidas de manejo pesqueiro vigente para estas espécies. Na presente tese, sintetizamos informações de quatro anos de pesquisas sobre o paru, Chaetodipterus faber, usando ferramentas biológico- pesqueiras. O presente documento foi elaborado seguindo as normas do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos da Universidade Federal do Paraná. No primeiro capítulo, é apresentado
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