DOCSLIB.ORG

Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement TechBrief Publication Number FHWA-HIF-15-007 | JANUARY 2015 Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement Contents Introduction Introduction Permeable interlocking concrete pavement, also Benefits referred to as PICP, consists solid concrete paving Applications and Limitations units with joints that create openings in the pavement Typical Properties & surface when assembled into a pattern. (The USEPA Characteristics has a fact sheet on PICP.) The joints are filled with Design permeable aggregates that allow water to freely Construction Considerations enter the surface. The permeable surface allows flow Maintenance rates as high as 1,000 in./hr (2,540 cm/hr) (Borst Performance 2010). The paving units are placed on a bedding Summary and Future Needs layer of permeable aggregates which rests over a References base and subbase of open-graded aggregates. The concrete pavers, bedding and base layers are typically restrained by a concrete curb in vehicular This TechBrief presents an applications. The base and subbase store water and overview of permeable inter- locking concrete pavement allow it to infiltrate into the soil subgrade. Perforated (PICP) and its use. General underdrains in the base or subbase are used to information is provided on PICP composition with a sum- remove water that does not infiltrate within a given mary of benefits, limitations, and characteristics. Important design period, typically 48 to 72 hours. considerations such as hydro- Geosynthetics such as geotextiles, geogrids or logical design, structural de- sign, construction, and main- geomembranes are applied to the subgrade tenance are also provided. depending on structural and hydrologic design objectives. Separation geotextiles are used on the sides of the base/subbase to prevent entrance of fines from adjacent soils. Figure 1. Typical permeable interlocking concrete pavement cross section. • Building code requirements. Examples • Can be installed in freezing temperatures if include CALGreen in California, the subgrade and aggregates remain unfrozen Figure 1 illustrates PICP components. The figure shows a partial infiltration design with drainage to International Green Construction Code, • Capable of wet weather (light rain) installation accommodate some water that does on enter low infiltration soils. PICP over high infiltration sub- ASHRAE Standard 189.1, or other codes that grade soils may not require an underdrain(s) and these are called are called full infiltration designs. require compliance to Leadership in Energy Reduced Runoff & Improved Water Other designs over expansive or fill soils or close to buildings may enclose the pavement structure and Environmental Design (LEED®) or similar Quality with geomembrane (impermeable liner). An outlet pipe provides temporary storage and outflow sustainable design and construction rating control. This design approach also can be used for water harvesting or for horizontal ground source systems. • 100% surface runoff reduction heat pumps. The use of a geomembrane to restrict infiltration into the soil subgrade is often called a • 100% infiltration depending on the design, no infiltration design. There are non-regulatory drivers that influence inflows, and soil subgrade infiltration rate PICP use. These include; economics that often • Capable of installation over or next to plastic make PICP a lower-cost alternative to convention- underground storage vaults or crates al drainage system designs, gaining stormwater • Can be designed with water harvesting sys- utility fee credits, and project owner preference tems for site irrigation and gray water uses for conformance to sustainable rating systems for • Reduces nutrients, metals and oils (Collins roads/transportation infrastructure. Examples of 2008) (TRCA 2007) (TRCA 2012) (Fassman rating systems include the Institute for Sustainable 2010) (Brattebo 2003) (Clausen 2007). Infrastructure’s Envision™ evaluation system, • Does not raise runoff temperature which can Greenroads, GreenPave or the Federal Highway damage aquatic life (Wardynski 2013) Administration INVEST or Infrastructure Voluntary Evaluation Sustainability Tool. Site Utilization PICP benefits are listed below (Smith 2011). • Reduces or eliminates unsightly detention/ retention ponds and related liability Construction • Increased site and building utilization • Conservation of space and reduction of im- • Paving materials require no time-sensitive site pervious cover forming • Preserves woods and open space that would • Immediately ready for traffic upon comple- have been destroyed for detention/retention tion, no time needed for curing ponds • Promotes tree survival by providing air and water to roots (roots do not heave pavement) Figure 2. Parking lot in Elmhurst, IL. Benefits pavements) and resulting runoff • Runoff volume storage and/or infiltration to PICP may help achieve compliance with many reduce overflows, especially combined sewer national, provincial, state and local regulations overflows. as well as transportation agency design require- • Meeting total maximum daily load (TMDL) ments for stormwater runoff control. These re- requirements for receiving waters. quirements may include the following: • Managing water quality volume capture and or quantity storm events, typically expressed • National Pollutant Discharge Elimination as a percentile; e.g. 85th percentile storm System (NPDES) permit compliance depth, or the 95th percentile storm depth as • Runoff volume and pollutant control for new required for U.S. federal government facilities development and redevelopment in Section 438 of the Energy Independence • Limits on impervious cover (i.e., roofs and and Security Act. TechBrief: Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement | Page 2 TechBrief: Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement | Page 3 Figure 3. Green alley in Richmond, VA. Applications and Limitations PICP is used for walkways, driveways, parking than 2 ft or 0.6 m) although it has been used in lots, alleys, low-speed roads and road shoulders. coastal areas with sandy soil subgrades in Figures 2, 3 and 4 below illustrate vehicular ap- Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina and Georgia. plications. PICP is intended for areas with posted Like all permeable pavements, PICP should not vehicle speeds no greater than 35 mph (50 be used on extremely dirty sites where there is kph). PICP is generally used in areas exposed uncon-trolled water borne sediment or wind to less than 1 million 80 kN lifetime equivalent borne dust that can rapidly clog the surface. single axle loads (ESALs) (or Caltrans Traffic Index < 9). These applications use unstabilized Typical Properties and Characteristics open-graded aggregates. Open-graded bases stabilized with cement or asphalt, or the use of pervious concrete or porous asphalt bases can Concrete paving units and jointing materi- provide higher lifetime ESALs and accommodate als – Concrete pavers conform to ASTM C936 heavier load applications. PICP has seen limited Standard Specification for Solid Interlocking use in heavy load applications with permeable Concrete Paving Units. Minimum 3 1/8 in. (80 asphalt stabilized bases (Knapton 2003, Sieglen mm) thick units are used in vehicular areas and 2004). Design guidance for heavy loads can be pedestrian areas may use 2 3/8 in. (60 mm) thick • Colored units can mark parking stalls and Drainage System found in overseas sources Knapton 2007 and units. Depending on joint widths, they are filled driving lanes Knapton 2012. Research is being conducted on with permeable, small-sized aggregates such • Reduced downstream flows and stream bank • Eliminates puddles on parking lots, walkways, the structural behavior of PICP at the University as ASTM No. 8, 89 or 9 stone per ASTM D448 erosion due to decreased peak flows and entrances, etc. of California (Davis) Pavement Research Center Standard Classification for Sizes of Aggregate volumes • Capable of plowing with municipal snow re- and specifically that of the open-graded aggre- for Road and Bridge Construction or AASHTO • Increased groundwater recharge moval equipment gate base materials. In addition, the American M-43 Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge • Decreases risk of salt water incursion and • Concrete units resist freeze-thaw and degra- Society of Civil Engineers is preparing a national Construction. drinking water well pollution in coastal areas dation from deicing materials standard with guidance on design, construction • Reduced peak discharges and stress on • Reduces ice and deicing material use/costs and maintenance for release in 2015. Open-graded Bedding Course storm drainage pipes and related liability due to faster ice melt and This permeable layer is typically 2 in. (50 mm) thick • Reduces combined sanitary/storm sewer surface infiltration PICP should not be used in areas subject to and provides a level bed for the pavers. It consists overflows • Provides traffic calming loading/unloading or storage of hazardous of small-sized, open-graded aggregate, typically • Paver surface can be coated with photocata- materials. It is generally not placed in areas with ASTM No. 8 stone or similar sized material. lytic materials to reduce air pollution Reduced Operating Costs high depth to seasonal water tables (i.e. less • High solar reflectance index (SRI) surface • Reduced overall project costs due to reduc- helps reduce micro-climatic tempera- ing or eliminating storm sewers and drainage tures and contributes to urban heat island Figure 4. Main Street, Warrenville, IL. appurtenances reduction • Lower life-cycle
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Riversmart Washington
    RiverSmart Washington What is RiverSmart Washington? The RiverSmart Washington project will be installing practices to reduce stormwater volume runoff in two neighborhoods in northwest Washington. These practices include permeable paving in alleys, roads, and parking lanes, and rain gardens in tree areas and curb bumpouts. The stormwater flow will be monitored and measured to calculate the stormwater runoff reduction. Why RiverSmart? Stormwater runoff carries pollutants from roofs, roads, alleys, and parking lots in the District’s storm drain system and into the streams. The pollutants impair the health of small streams and contribute to problems in Rock Creek, the Potomac River, and the Chesapeake Bay. The significant volumes of water erode stream banks and create poor conditions for aquatic life. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has issued a Municipal Separated Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permit (http://ddoe.dc.gov/publication/npdes-permit) to the District that requires stormwater runoff volume reduction and retrofits to existing buildings and streets to reduce stormwater runoff. The city is using green infrastructure and low impact design (LID) practices, such as such as rain gardens, bioretention, stormwater bumpouts, and permeable paving, to capture and filter the stormwater runoff. DC Water is exploring ways to use LID to reduce the stormwater flow into the Combined Sewer System (CSS) area to potentially reduce the size of tunnels required for stormwater storage under the Long Term Control Plan. Project locations Lafayette site: blocks bounded by Patterson St, 32nd St, Rittenhouse St, and Broad Branch Rd NW in the MS4 area MacFarland site: Georgia Ave, Iowa Ave, and Allison St NW in the CSS area.
    [Show full text]
  • 3: Design Guidelines
    3: DESIGN GUIDELINES 3.1 Overall Corridor Guidelines 3.2 Streetscape Guidelines 3.1.1 Culture: Conceptual Wayfinding 3.2.1 Engagement Spotlight 3.1.2 Culture: Activating the 3.2.2 Elements Public Realm 3.2.3 Northern Gateway 3.1.3 Mobility: Access Management 3.2.4 Confluence 3.1.4 Mobility: Crosswalks 3.2.5 Southern Gateway 3.1.5 Environment: Sustainability 3.1.6 Environment: Permeable Pavers 3.1.7 Environment: Landscaping Standards design guidelines 3.1 Overall Corridor Guidelines Streets are much more than just the space where vehicles travel. In downtown areas, streets and sidewalks, or complete streetscapes, allow people to enjoy public space, exercise, do business, socialize, dine, and more. With such broad function, Downtown streets should be designed for everyone. This includes pedestrians and those with disabilities, cyclists, transit riders, freight and deliveries, and motorists. The capacity of these streets wayfinding will need to increase as population and economic a unified concept for design signage creates a much growth continues, with a focus on the importance of a more legible motif environment for users. thematic motifs established space-efficient and balanced allocation of street space by a cohesive brand and message could tie street between travel modes. elements together. This chapter addresses: • Conceptual Wayfinding • Activating the Public Realm furniture • Access Management timeless furniture and amenities bring a more paving comfortable pedestrian muted, refined paving • Crosswalks experience. subtly signifies plazas
    [Show full text]
  • Permeable Paving Report
    City of Royal Oak Department of Community Development 211 South Williams Street Royal Oak, MI 48067 Permeable Paving Report June 13, 2019 The Honorable Mayor Fournier and Members of the City Commission: Pursuant to the city commission’s request, staff has undertaken an analysis of permeable paving materials and their appropriateness for use in the City of Royal Oak. The report (Attachment 1) presents options for the expansion of acceptable driving surfaces in the city and compares the permeable infiltration system options that could be utilized to meet the requirements of the stormwater ordinance (Ch. 644) and future storm utility ordinance. Respectfully submitted, Timothy E. Thwing Director of Community Development Approved, Donald E. Johnson City Manager 1 Attachment Attachment 1 Pervious Paving Options Background On the instruction of the city commission and city manager’s office, the planning & engineering divisions have undertaken an analysis of pervious or permeable paving options and their stormwater management implications. The objective of this report is two-fold: 1) To present options for the expansion of acceptable parking surfaces in the City of Royal Oak; 2) To compare the permeable infiltration system options that could be utilized to meet the requirements of the stormwater ordinance (Ch. 644) and future storm utility ordinance. Pervious or permeable pavement is a collection of alternatives to traditional pavement that allow for the infiltration of rainwater or snowmelt on-site. These alternative materials include pervious asphalt or concrete, permeable interlocking pavers, plastic grids or reinforced turf.1 When used as part of a larger infiltration system, these materials can be used as an alternative to, or in conjunction with, other stormwater detention systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement
    Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement Description Permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) consists of manufactured concrete units that reduce stormwater runoff volume, rate and pollutants. The impervious units are designed with small openings between permeable joints. The openings typically comprise 5% to 15% of the paver surface area and are filled with highly permeable, small-sized aggregates. The joints allow stormwater to flow enter a crushed stone aggregate bedding layer and base that supports the pavers while providing storage and runoff treatment. PICPs are highly attractive, durable, easily repaired, require low maintenance, and can withstand heavy vehicle loads. Figure 1 shows Figure 1. PICP in Seattle’s High Point neighborhood significantly reduce the total amount of impervious surface and runoff. Photo installed pavers in a Seattle, courtesy of ICPI. Washington residential neighborhood. Applicability PICP can be used for municipal stormwater management programs and private development applications. The runoff volume and rate control, plus pollutant reductions allow municipalities to meet regulatory water quality criteria. Municipal initiatives such as Chicago’s Green Alley program, use PICP to reduce combined sewer overflows and minimize localized flooding by infiltrating and treating stormwater on site. Private development projects use PICP to meet post-construction stormwater quantity and quality requirements. Public and private investments in PICP can potentially reduce additional expenditures and land consumption for conventional collection, conveyance and detention stormwater infrastructure. PICP can replace traditional impervious pavement for most pedestrian and vehicular applications except high volume/high speed roadways. PICP has performed successfully in pedestrian walkways, sidewalks, driveways, parking lots, and low-volume roadways. The environmental benefits from PICP allow it to be incorporated into municipal green infrastructure programs and low impact development guidelines.
    [Show full text]
  • Permeable Pavement
    Angela D. Alsobrooks County Executive Permeable Pavement Fact Sheet What is permeable pavement? When rainwater falls on conventional pavement, such as concrete, it accumulates and then flows across and off of this impervious surface as stormwater runoff. Permeable pavement allows stormwater to slowly seep through (infiltrate), reaching the soil and replenishing the groundwater below the surface. A variety of permeable pavement materials are available, such as interlocking pavers, porous asphalt, pervious concrete, and manufactured grass pavers. Interlocking pavers consist of precast blocks (primarily brick or concrete) that are aligned in such a way that water is able to pass between the voids between successive blocks. Grass pavers are a type of open-cell paver made of concrete or plastic, in which the cells are filled with soil and planted with turf, as shown in the photo. What are the benefits to property owners and communities? • Reduces stormwater runoff, localized flooding, and erosion. • Replenishes groundwater and improves water quality through natural filtration processes. • Grass pavers can improve site appearance by providing vegetation instead of pavement. • Permeable pavement reduces the amount of land needed for stormwater management. • May satisfy requirements for green space, allowing more development on a site. How can you determine if your property is suitable for permeable pavement? Permeable paving is most appropriate for pedestrian-only areas and for very low-volume, low-speed vehicle areas such as overflow parking areas, residential driveways, alleyways, and parking stalls. To determine the suitability of areas on you property: • Identify existing impervious surfaces or areas that you intend to pave. • Exclude surfaces that accumulate sediment and debris which would reduce the effectiveness of the system.
    [Show full text]
  • Permeable Surfaces
    Florida Field Guide to Low Impact Development Permeable Surfaces Illustration of two types of pervious surfaces, pervious paving (left) and pervious pavers (right). Although the permeable surfaces are different, they are each layered on the same type of aggregate base and underlying sub base. Definition: the permeable pavers. Permeable pavers are most Permeable surfaces consist of a variety of types of effective when used in conjunction with other pavement, pavers and other devices that provide LID treatment train IMPs (e.g., vegetated swales, stormwater infiltration while serving as a structural cisterns, or exfiltration tanks). surface. There are several types of pervious paving materials, including permeable interlocking Objectives: concrete pavers (PICP), concrete grid pavers Permeable pavements function similarly to sand (CGP), pervious (porous) pavements (PC & PA), filters, in that they filter the water by forcing it to and plastic reinforcing grids (PRG). According pass through different aggregate sizes and typically to the Florida Concrete Products Association, some sort of filter fabric. Therefore, most of the Florida has been a leader in the adoption of treatment is through physical (or mechanical) pervious pavement, with hundreds of applications processes. As precipitation falls on the pavement, across the state. Installation and maintenance of it infiltrates down into the storage basin where it permeable pavers tends to be more labor and time slowly is released into the surrounding soil. intensive than that for concrete or asphalt paving. Additionally, vacuum sweeping is required as part Overview: of routine maintenance to prevent void space clogging. Permeable, or pervious, pavers refer to unit (block, plastic grid) or poured (concrete) paving systems that incorporate permeable or semi-permeable materials overlaying a gravel storage layer.
    [Show full text]
  • Permeable Paving Design & Construction Guide
    Permeable Paving Design & Construction Guide August 2020 Permeable Paving Permeable paving provides significant benefits over conventional pavements in terms of sustainability, environmental impact and long-term cost. In the natural environments, the majority of stormwater Permeable paving was first developed in Europe and has is absorbed back into the ground, recharging the local been used extensively throughout the world. Adopted groundwater table with minimal surface run-off entering in Australia in 1997, it has been used in many projects local waterways. This is not the case in urban areas. including the Sydney Olympic Precinct. Large areas of impermeable surfaces result in the The system has also been adopted locally by The City of majority of stormwater being diverted to the local Belmont and The City of Nedlands. waterways and very little being absorbed into the ground. This guide is an introduction to permeable paving. As an alternative to conventional paving, permeable For extensive and comprehensive detailed information and paving encourages water to infiltrate through the case studies please visit CMAA site www.cmaa.com.au. pavement surface and substructure to the ground below, easing the pressure on already overburdened or over- stressed stormwater systems. Benefits of Permeable Paving • Reduces the amount of rainfall run-off by infiltration, thereby eliminating or minimising the extent of stormwater drainage systems required • Reduces the risk of localised flooding and downstream flooding • Assists in recharging and maintaining
    [Show full text]
  • Design of Permeable Paving Subject to Traffic
    8th International Conferce on Concrete Block Paving, November 6-8, 2006 San Francisco, California USA DESIGN OF PERMEABLE PAVING SUBJECT TO TRAFFIC Dr. Brian Shackel Visiting Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052, E-mail: [email protected] SUMMARY Permeable paving offers significant benefits over conventional pavements in terms of sustainability and environmental impact. Such pavements need to be designed not only to carry traffic but also to manage runoff, infiltration and pollutant transport. They, therefore, present new technical problems and challenges to pavement designers that are not covered by conventional pavement design methods. In particular the selection, specification and characterisation of the materials used in the surface, base and sub-base of permeable pavements require designers to modify existing design methodologies to facilitate water movement through the pavements whilst maintaining satisfactory serviceability under traffic in saturated conditions. The concepts of permeable pavement design are outlined and the need to integrate with Water Sensitive Urban Design principles is emphasised. Progress in the characterisation and development of permeable pavement materials is described and current design data are assessed. The use of such data in the design of permeable pavements is then discussed. 1. INTRODUCTION In urban catchments, road surfaces can account for about 20% to 25% of impermeable surfaces i.e. roads are a major generator of runoff. The control of this runoff is the prime objective in Water Sensitive Urban Design, WSUD (Argue, 2004) or its British equivalent SUDS (Pratt, 2001; Interpave, 2004). One way to achieve this is to use Permeable Interlocking Concrete Paving (PICP).
    [Show full text]
  • Permeable Shoulders with Stone Reservoirs
    Permeable Shoulders With Stone Reservoirs Requested by: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standing Committee on the Environment Prepared by: David K. Hein, P.Eng. Principal Investigator Applied Research Associates, Inc. 100 Trade Center Boulevard, Suite 200 Champaign, Illinois 61820 and Eric Strecker, P.E., Aaron Poresky, P.E. and Dr. Robert Roseen, P.E. Geosyntec Consultants Marie Venner Venner Consulting (October 4, 2013) The information contained in this report was prepared as part of NCHRP Project 25-25, Task 82, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board. SPECIAL NOTE: This report IS NOT an official publication of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, or The National Academies. Page | ii Acknowledgements This study was requested by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and conducted as part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 25-25. The NCHRP is supported by annual voluntary contributions from the state Departments of Transportation. Project 25-25 is intended to fund quick response studies on behalf of the AASHTO Standing Committee on the Environment. The report was prepared by David K. Hein, P.Eng. and Lori Schaus, P.Eng. of Applied Research Associates, Inc., Eric Strecker, P.E., Aaron Poresky, P.E. and Dr. Robert Roseen, P.E. of Geosyntec Consultants and Marie Venner of Venner Consulting. The work was guided by a task group co-chaired by Frannie Brindle, Oregon DOT and Scott McGowen, California DOT. The project was managed by Nanda Srinivasan, NCHRP Senior Program Officer. The panel for this project included: Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooling Long Beach Urban Heat Island Reductions Strategies Acknowledgements
    Heat Island Reduction Toolkit Cooling Long Beach Urban Heat Island Reductions Strategies Acknowledgements City of Long Beach Alta Planning + Design Kristyn Vega-Payne, Sustainability Analyst Emily Duchon, Principal In Charge Jennifer Ly, Planner Lydia Kenselaar, Project Manager Larry Rich, Sustainability Coordinator Olivia Burry-Trice, Assistant Project Manager Kevin Jackson, Deputy City Manager Maria Wardoku Allison Spindler-Ruiz, Advance Planning Officer Sean Carter Fern Nueno, Mobility Programs Officer Donny Donoghue Keith Hoey, Assistant City Engineer Cat Cheng Katie Balderas, Equity Officer Zara Gomez Rachel Junken, Transportation Planner Daniel Scheir Melissa Pacal You, Stormwater/ Environmental Compliance Officer Washington Neighborhood Association Larissa Lomen, Planning Intern Jesus Esparza, President Jocelyn Rodriguez, Climate Action Corps Fellow Iris Ornelas, Community Leader Lian Mae Tualla, Climate Action Corps Fellow Nancy Villaseñor, Park Planning & Partnerships Manager Community Navigators Ramona Caro SCAG Terri Erby India Brookover, Planning & Programs Jesus Esparza Miguel Jaimes Habitat for Humanity of Laura Mozo Greater Los Angeles Eric Salas Dinesa Thomas-Whitman, Ed.D., Director Funding for this project was provided by the Southern of Outreach Advocacy and Policy California Association of Governments (SCAG). Diana Medel, Neighborhood The project was led by the City of Long Beach Office Revitalization Manager of Sustainability in collaboration with the consultant team: Alta Planning + Design, Habitat for Humanity of Myra Murillo, Community Outreach AmeriCorps Greater Los Angeles, The Washington Neighborhood Association, and Community Navigators. 2 Cooling Long Beach Table of Contents 1. Introduction 4 Shade Structures Cool Pavement & Hardscape Purpose Cooling Amenities Study Areas Climate Change & The Urban 4. Cooling Strategies 78 Heat Island Effect Behind the Curb Impacts of Climate Change Between the Curbs 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Permeable Paver Maintenance Guide
    PERMEABLE PAVER MAINTENANCE GUIDE 1 This guide is specific to Unilock® permeable pavers as a maintainable system for storm water runoff and does not cover cleaning concrete pavers themselves. Please see the Unilock Product Care and Maintenance Guide (available for download at www.unilock. com) for information on cleaning concrete pavers. The maintenance information in this guide is intended for Unilock permeable paver systems only and not for other types of permeable pavers or pervious systems. Maintenance is necessary for any type of permeable pavement system, much like any impervious pavement with catch basins and underground infrastructure. Over the lifetime of the permeable paver system there will be a need to clean any sediment, soil, dirt and debris from the joint aggregate material to maintain a sufficient infiltration rate. Every project will vary in performance needs, as well as to the frequency in which the joint material must be cleaned. The surface infiltration rate must be greater than the regional 100 year rainfall intensity to adequately ensure no runoff is generated, which is only one goal for using permeable pavers. Unilock® suggests establishing a maintenance plan using the techniques in this document to prevent clogging. 2 Preceding Maintenance ...................................................................................... 4 Examples of Common Maintenance Issues ....................................................... 4 Maintenance Types .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Section 13.11 – Porous and Permeable Paving
    Policy 11: Land Development Guidelines Section 13 Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) Guidelines 13.11 Porous and Permeable Paving Table of Contents 13.11 Porous and Permeable Paving ................................................................................................1 13.11.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................2 13.11.2 Design Considerations.........................................................................................................3 13.11.2.1 Design Objectives ................................................................................................................3 13.11.2.2 Selecting the Type of Porous Paving...................................................................................3 13.11.2.3 Sizing ...................................................................................................................................4 13.11.2.4 Siting ....................................................................................................................................4 13.11.2.5 Pretreatment of Stormwater.................................................................................................4 13.11.2.6 Vegetated Systems..............................................................................................................4 13.11.2.7 Site Terrain...........................................................................................................................4 13.11.2.8
    [Show full text]