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Metadata Metadata Metadata Folksonomy Folksonomy metadata is: structured information that describes, explains, locates, or otherwise makes it easier to retrieve, use, or manage an information resource (NISO) it allows systems to collocate related information, and helps users find relevant information lecture 18: tagging and folksonomy of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 2# of#49# metadata metadata ways of creation third (new) way generally in two ways: user-created metadata professional creation (professionals working with complex, detailed rule sets and vocabularies) users of the documents and media create metadata for their own individual use that is also shared author creation (authors of documents provide throughout a community metadata along with their creations) are ontologies the result of that??? ece#627,#winter#‘13# 3# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 4# of#49# folksonomy folksonomy what is it? what is it? it is a people's taxonomy the set of terms (called tags) that a group of users is composed of terms in a flat namespace tagged content with, they are not a predetermined there is no hierarchy, no parent-child or sibling set of classification terms or labels relationships between these terms ece#627,#winter#‘13# 5# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 6# of#49# folksonomy what is tagging? … introduction a tag is a non-hierarchical keyword or term the cumulative force of all the individual tags can assigned to a piece of information - such as an produce a bottom-up, self-organized system for internet bookmark, digital image, or computer file classifying items on the web (Wikipedia) tagging – to mark with a tag; to label, identify, or recognize with or as if with a tag - a unique and powerful way of organizing information ece#627,#winter#‘13# 7# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 8# of#49# what is tagging? tagging system tagging system users three components the people who employ a tagging system - users (sometimes also called taggers) – they create the tags, and sometimes they add resources - resources - tags have a variety of different interests, needs, goals, and motivations – but they are trying to achieve some larger goal – such as sharing a photo or labeling a document so they can find it later ece#627,#winter#‘13# 9# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 10# of#49# tagging system tagging system resources tags are items that users tag the keywords added by users are tags a resource can be just about anything – a book, a can be just about any kind of term, they can be Web page, a video, or even a location descriptions of the resources subject matter, its location, its intended user, a reminder, or something within each tagging system, resources often share else entirely – can be individual words or phrases some common properties – they are books, or photos, or … tags are essentially metadata about the resource ece#627,#winter#‘13# 11# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 12# of#49# tagging system tagging system tags tag cloud tags are more than just metadata in an application – is a method of presenting tags where the more they are a tool people use to track, share, and find frequently used tags are emphesized information ece#627,#winter#‘13# 13# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 14# of#49# tagging system tagging system tag cloud – example … all tagging happens in the context of a system, and the system defines what kind of tagging can take place for example, the system may allow users to add their own resources or not, may allow to tag any resource or not, may forbid certain kinds of tags www.wordle.net ece#627,#winter#‘13# 15# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 16# of#49# tagging system tagging system perspectives … information architecture Information Social Architecture Software the structural design of shared information environments tagging and tagging sits the art and science of organizing and labeling web at the intersection sites, intranet, online communities, and software to support usability and findability of three established Personal fields Information Management information architects focus on using controlled vocabularies, search-and-browse systems ece#627,#winter#‘13# 17# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 18# of#49# tagging system tagging system social software personal information management refers to the practice and study of the activities applications that people use to communicate, people perform in order to acquire, organize, collaborate, and share online maintain, retrieve, and use information items such as documents, web pages, e-mail messages … (Wikipedia) people who design social software are interested in facilitating group interaction within the system they are programs for managing information and methods for keeping yourself on track – help you file, track, and find your information when you need it ece#627,#winter#‘13# 19# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 20# of#49# tagging system tagging system tensions … tensions … personal <-> social idiosyncratic<-> standard do people tag primary for their own benefit? should tags be unique? or are they motivated to share information with a or should be standardized so they can be used for group …? browsing and searching? ece#627,#winter#‘13# 21# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 22# of#49# tagging system tagging system tensions … tensions … freedom<-> control amateur<-> expert does the system give users complete freedom? how qualified are the people who do tagging? or does it influence or control their tags? should tags contributed by amateurs count as much as tags created by experts? ece#627,#winter#‘13# 23# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 24# of#49# tagging tagging why matters motivation ease of use it is popular - tags are simple it is multifaceted just typing few words it is flexible - tags are flexible it is also made for the stream – the constant flow of tags can be whatever you need them to be information we experience online - tags are extensible you can always add new tags - tags can be aggregated … can be messy and may not conform to any recognizable pattern ece#627,#winter#‘13# 25# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 26# of#49# tagging tagging motivation motivation managing personal information collaborating and sharing - do not need to consider the whole categorization scheme, you - you can explore topics using the tags of other users just add tags - other users may be experts - you can add any tags, instead of finding the one category that is - you may use tags to connect with other users who share the best fit interests - re-categorization is easy if we make a mistake having fun expressing yourself ece#627,#winter#‘13# 27# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 28# of#49# tagging system tags as metadata architecture kinds of metadata metadata: requires to set up rules about your users (who they - helps you (or others) find data you want are and how they join the system), your resources - helps you manage your data (how they are added to the system), and tags (who - lets you relate your data to other data you own, as can tag which resources) well as other data out there in the world how users interact with each other ece#627,#winter#‘13# 29# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 30# of#49# tags as metadata tags as metadata kinds of metadata kinds of metadata tag type example descriptive – provide details about the resource descriptive webdesign, drama, sushi administrative – used to manage a collection of gardening, music resources (for example, date a resource was resource blog, book, video, photo acquired, the person who owns the rights to the ownership/source nytimes, genesmith (author) resource) opinion cool, funny, lame structural – used to associate the resource with other resources (for example, volume of books, self-reference mystuff, mine maps of how individual files relate to each other) task organizing todo, work play/performance helo3, poetry ece#627,#winter#‘13# 31# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 32# of#49# tags … tags … taxonomies and controlled vocabularies controlled vocabularies two kinds of classification systems – define a system for managing the meaning of words – it relationships between terms removes ambiguity of language help us understand and navigate concepts by synonym rings – give two or more words an making language less ambiguous, by connecting equivalent meaning concepts, and by capturing the relationships authority files – as above but one of the words is between objects observed in the real world identified as a preferred term ece#627,#winter#‘13# 33# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 34# of#49# tags … tags … taxonomies enriching taxonomy with tags bubble-up approach establishes parent-child relationships between tags are attached to a resource, for example, a song terms, are typically hierarchical those tags are bubble-up from several songs to describe their parent item, album album tags are then bubbled up again to describe the artist relationships between resources are preserved while capturing the descriptive terms of users ece#627,#winter#‘13# 35# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 36# of#49# folksonomy folksonomy introduction introduction it is a term used to describe the bottom-up the relationships between tags are inferred based classification systems that emerge from social on their usage patterns tagging no formal relationships parent-child like in taxonomy no equivalences between terms as in a controlled vocabulary ece#627,#winter#‘13# 37# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13 # 38# of#49# folksonomy folksonomy introduction - independence users are free to choose their tags css ajax HIV ccr5 some systems offer suggestions – a tool aimed to help users add tags more easily and efficiently cxcr4 webdesign ece#627,#winter#‘13# 39# of#49# ece#627,#winter#‘13# 40# of#49#
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