Historic Resources Inventory for the East End Residential Area-Phase V Duluth, Saint Louis, Minnesota
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HISTORIC RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR THE EAST END RESIDENTIAL AREA-PHASE V DULUTH, SAINT LOUIS, MINNESOTA Authorized and Sponsored by: City of Duluth Community Development 407 City Hall 411 West Fourth Street Duluth, MN 55802 Submitted by: Summit Envirosolutions, Inc. 1217 Bandana Boulevard North St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Principal Investigator: Andrew Schmidt, M.A. Report Authors: Sara J. Nelson, Marjorie Pearson, Andrew Schmidt October 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Summit Envirosolutions, Inc. would like to thank the members of the Duluth Heritage Preservation Commission for the opportunity to work with them on this project: Ken Buehler, Kristi Johnson, Patricia Mullins, Thomas Vaughn, and David Woodward (Chair). Thank you to the Duluth Planning Department staff: Charles V. Froseth, Keith Hamre, and Ben VanTassel for their contributions to this project; as well as Maryanne Norton for her research assistance at the Duluth Public Library. This historic resource survey report has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. However, the contents and opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior. This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U. S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office for Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1849 C St., NW, Washington, D.C. 20240 Summit Envirosolutions, Inc. i Historic Resources Inventory City of Duluth East End Phase V TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................... i LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 RESEARCH DESIGN AND SURVEY METHODS ..................................................................... 3 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................ 3 METHODS .................................................................................................................................... 3 Background Research ........................................................................................................... 3 Survey ................................................................................................................................... 3 Evaluations ............................................................................................................................ 5 HISTORIC CONTEXTS ................................................................................................................ 7 DEVELOPMENT OF DULUTH’S EAST END NEIGHBORHOOD ........................................................ 7 RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE STUDY AREA ................................................................ 11 Single-Family Houses ......................................................................................................... 12 Multi-family Buildings .......................................................................................................... 12 ARCHITECTS OF THE STUDY AREA ........................................................................................... 14 SURVEY RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 19 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 19 Properties Currently Listed in the National Register ........................................................... 21 Individual Properties Recommended for National Register Listing ..................................... 21 Properties Recommended for a Multiple Property Documentation Form ............................ 21 Properties Recommended for Local Designation ................................................................ 23 Properties Recommended Not Eligible for National Register or Local Designation ............ 25 Properties Demolished Since Being Inventoried ................................................................. 27 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................. 28 REFERENCES CITED ................................................................................................................. 29 APPENDIX A: Surveyed Properties ............................................................................................ 32 APPENDIX B: Survey Forms ...................................................................................................... 33 Summit Envirosolutions, Inc. ii Historic Resources Inventory City of Duluth East End Phase V LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Project Location 2 Figure 2. East End Phase V Survey Results 20 Figure 3. East End Phase V Properties Recommended for a Multiple Property Documentation Form 24 Summit Envirosolutions, Inc. iii Historic Resources Inventory City of Duluth East End Phase V INTRODUCTION The East End Residential Area-Phase V project was initiated by the Duluth Heritage Preservation Commission (DHPC) in order to document the historic resources within the area of the East End closest to downtown, roughly bounded as follows: on the southwest, North Lake Avenue; on the southeast, East 2nd Street and East Superior Street; on the northeast, North 6th Avenue East; and on the northwest East 6th Street (Figure 1). The survey population consisted of 298 properties: 115 single-family residential, 62 multiple-family residences (includes duplexes, triplexes, and apartment buildings), seven mixed commercial-residential, 23 commercial properties, seven religious buildings, two schools, two hospitals and four medical offices, two fire stations, two clubhouses, and one of each of the following: gas station, motel, mortuary, former casket manufacturing plant, and recreational (YMCA) building. This survey is the last of five surveys of the East End that were begun in 2006. The first four surveys, Phases I, II, III, and IV, were completed in 2007, 2009, and 2012 (III and IV). The surveys have documented historic buildings within the East End of the city and established a database of information on those buildings to assist the DHPC in developing strategies for preservation, to serve as a reference for the general public, to guide property owners in strategies that protect and preserve their neighborhoods, and to help the City Planning Division in administering the Unified Development Code and in implementing the Comprehensive Land Use Plan. The project was financed through a grant from the United States Department of the Interior, administered through the Minnesota Historical Society, under the authority of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. Matching funds were also received from the Community Development Block Grant Program of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. Summit Envirosolutions, Inc. 1 Historic Resources Inventory Phase V City of Duluth East End Residential Area Figure 1. Project Location Summit Envirosolutions, Inc. 2 Historic Resources Inventory Phase V City of Duluth East End Residential Area RESEARCH DESIGN AND SURVEY METHODS OBJECTIVES The objective of the historic resources survey was to identify individual properties and historic districts that have potential for designation as city landmarks and/or nomination to the National Register of Historic Places (National Register). An intensive field survey was conducted throughout the study area to document the properties that retain integrity and are eligible for National Register listing or local landmark designation. These properties consisted of mostly residential properties above East 3rd Street, and mostly commercial and institutional properties on East 2nd and East 1st streets. The St. Mary’s Medical Center campus dominates the eastern and southern portions of the survey area. The survey area is roughly bounded by North Lake Avenue, East 2nd Street and East Superior Street, North 6th Avenue East, and East 6th Street. METHODS Background Research Summit began by reviewing results of previous surveys and studies at the Duluth Community Development office and the survey files and Review and Compliance files at the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). Two previous architectural history studies have included the current survey area. In 1974, the City of Duluth published Duluth’s Legacy: Volume 1 Architecture which examined properties as part of the central area of the city.1 A more comprehensive survey, Duluth Historic Resources Survey Final Report, was carried out by the St. Louis County Historical Society in 1984.2 These studies identified