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Sources of Maratha History: Indian Sources
1 SOURCES OF MARATHA HISTORY: INDIAN SOURCES Unit Structure : 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Maratha Sources 1.3 Sanskrit Sources 1.4 Hindi Sources 1.5 Persian Sources 1.6 Summary 1.7 Additional Readings 1.8 Questions 1.0 OBJECTIVES After the completion of study of this unit the student will be able to:- 1. Understand the Marathi sources of the history of Marathas. 2. Explain the matter written in all Bakhars ranging from Sabhasad Bakhar to Tanjore Bakhar. 3. Know Shakavalies as a source of Maratha history. 4. Comprehend official files and diaries as source of Maratha history. 5. Understand the Sanskrit sources of the Maratha history. 6. Explain the Hindi sources of Maratha history. 7. Know the Persian sources of Maratha history. 1.1 INTRODUCTION The history of Marathas can be best studied with the help of first hand source material like Bakhars, State papers, court Histories, Chronicles and accounts of contemporary travelers, who came to India and made observations of Maharashtra during the period of Marathas. The Maratha scholars and historians had worked hard to construct the history of the land and people of Maharashtra. Among such scholars people like Kashinath Sane, Rajwade, Khare and Parasnis were well known luminaries in this field of history writing of Maratha. Kashinath Sane published a mass of original material like Bakhars, Sanads, letters and other state papers in his journal Kavyetihas Samgraha for more eleven years during the nineteenth century. There is much more them contribution of the Bharat Itihas Sanshodhan Mandal, Pune to this regard. -
Sea Turtle Conservation in Sindhudurg District of Maharashtra
Indian Ocean Turtle Newsletter No. 9 Sea turtle conservation in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra S.V. Sanaye & H.B. Pawar Master of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra Email: [email protected] Introduction (Lepidochelys olivacea) is known as 'Tupalo' and the rest of the turtles are generally referred to as Maharashtra state, on the west coast of India, has a 'Kasai'. There have been no confirmed records of coastline of 720 km. Five coastal districts namely loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and hawksbill turtles Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri, Raigad, Thane and the (Eretmochelys imbricata) on this coast. Green urban area of Mumbai share the coastline of turtles (Chelonia mydas) have been seen in Maharashtra. Of the five species of marine turtles offshore waters in the Vengurla and Malvan block. occurring on the Indian coast, all except the The encounters of green turtles seem to be higher loggerhead sea turtle have been reported from the towards the south. Olive ridley turtles are coast of Maharashtra. Of these, the olive ridley frequently encountered. There has been a report of alone nests sporadically along the entire coast a leatherback turtle encountered near the Malvan (Giri, 2001). block. Encounters with turtles have been reported mostly in the post-monsoon season after In the past 15 years, various groups of researchers, September, although some locals believe that there state Forest Department officials and non- is no particular season for nesting. government organisations have been involved in the conservation and monitoring of turtle Trade in turtle products does occur along the populations in Maharashtra. All the sites have Sindhudurg coast and some fishermen and local recent nesting records. -
Project Document, and for the Use of Project Funds Through Effective Management and Well Established Project Review and Oversight Mechanisms
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................... 3 1. SITUATION ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 5 PART 1A: CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Geographic and biodiversity context ..................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Demographic and socio-economic context ............................................................................................ 8 1.3 Legislative, policy, and institutional context ....................................................................................... 11 PART 1B: BASELINE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................ 17 1.4 Threats to coastal and marine biodiversity of the SCME .................................................................... 17 1.5 Baseline efforts to conserve coastal and marine biodiversity of the SCME ......................................... 21 1.6 Desired long-term solution and barriers to achieving it...................................................................... 22 1.7 Stakeholder analysis ........................................................................................................................... -
Biodiversity Action Plan Full Report
Final Report Project Code 2012MC09 Biodiversity Action Plan For Malvan and Devgad Blocks, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra Prepared for Mangrove Cell, GoM i Conducting Partipicatory Rural Appraisal in the Coastal Villages of SIndhudurg District © The Energy and Resources Institute 2013 Suggested format for citation T E R I. 2013 Participatory Rural Appraisal Study in Devgad and Malvan Blocks, Sindhudurg District New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute 177 pp. For more information Dr. Anjali Parasnis Associate Director, Western Regional Centre Tel: 022 27580021/ 40241615 The Energy and Resources Institute E-mail: [email protected] 318, Raheja Arcade, sector 11, Fax: 022-27580022 CBD-Belapur, Navi Mumbai - 400 614, India Web: www.teriin.org ii Conducting Partipicatory Rural Appraisal in the Coastal Villages of SIndhudurg District Contents Abbrevations: .......................................................................................................................... x Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. xii 1. SINDHUDURG: AN INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 14 1.1 Climate and rainfall: ...................................................................................................... 15 1.2 Soil: ................................................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Cropping pattern:.......................................................................................................... -
Expansion and Consolidation of Colonial Power Subject : History
Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Subject : History Lesson : Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Course Developers Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Prof. Lakshmi Subramaniam Professor, Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Kolkata Dynamics of colonial expansion--1 and Dynamics of colonial expansion--2: expansion and consolidation of colonial rule in Bengal, Mysore, Western India, Sindh, Awadh and the Punjab Dr. Anirudh Deshpande Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Delhi Language Editor: Swapna Liddle Formating Editor: Ashutosh Kumar 1 Institute of lifelong learning, University of Delhi Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Table of contents Chapter 2: Expansion and consolidation of colonial power 2.1: Expansion and consolidation of colonial power 2.2.1: Dynamics of colonial expansion - I 2.2.2: Dynamics of colonial expansion – II: expansion and consolidation of colonial rule in Bengal, Mysore, Western India, Awadh and the Punjab Summary Exercises Glossary Further readings 2 Institute of lifelong learning, University of Delhi Expansion and consolidation of colonial power 2.1: Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Introduction The second half of the 18th century saw the formal induction of the English East India Company as a power in the Indian political system. The battle of Plassey (1757) followed by that of Buxar (1764) gave the Company access to the revenues of the subas of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and a subsequent edge in the contest for paramountcy in Hindustan. Control over revenues resulted in a gradual shift in the orientation of the Company‟s agenda – from commerce to land revenue – with important consequences. This chapter will trace the development of the Company‟s rise to power in Bengal, the articulation of commercial policies in the context of Mercantilism that developed as an informing ideology in Europe and that found limited application in India by some of the Company‟s officials. -
Shivaji - Founder of Indian Navy
1 SHIVAJI - FOUNDER OF INDIAN NAVY Jai Hind, this is CDT. Atharva Ghag 01 Maha Naval Unit Jai Hind Detachment, Regimental No: 1MAH/SD/20/N/714032. ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDIA’S NAVAL WARFARE: India’s maritime activities traces back to Vedic ages where we could find ancient trade routes connecting middle-east as well as Europe. Later during Chola period mid-9th centaury C.E, where we could find Naval warfare used to rule the east and south seas. Raja Rajendra Chola is even mentioned as “त्रिसमुद्रे�वर” Due to his Naval dominance over three seas. But after the invasion of Mlechchhas we can see the decline of Maritime participation of India in later 13th centaury. Until the Rise of Maratha Empire in later 1600s, under the Great and foresight leadership of Shri. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. His visionary thinking led Bharat to what today’s Indian Navy; strong, silent and swift. SWARAJYA AND IMPORTANCE OF NAVY: With the vison of Independence from foreign invaders and establishing “वरा煍य” ، he started dominating Kokan coast and with his novel idea of वरा煍य might naturally have a thought of navy when his expanding kingdom came in contact with power bordering the sea. He quoted 2 “煍याचा दयाा 配याचे वैभव, 煍याचे आरमार 配याचा समुद्र” (wealth lies within oceans, one with strong navy rules the seas). The incentive to the Navy was political rather than economic. In the beginning the Kokan coast was infested with the English, Portuguese and the Dutchs, also the Siddhi of Janjira was very powerful and a sworn enemy of Maratha. -
4. Maharashtra Before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj
The Coordination Committee formed by GR No. Abhyas - 2116/(Pra.Kra.43/16) SD - 4 Dated 25.4.2016 has given approval to prescribe this textbook in its meeting held on 3.3.2017 HISTORY AND CIVICS STANDARD SEVEN Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune - 411 004. First Edition : 2017 © Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Reprint : September 2020 Pune - 411 004. The Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research reserves all rights relating to the book. No part of this book should be reproduced without the written permission of the Director, Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, ‘Balbharati’, Senapati Bapat Marg, Pune 411004. History Subject Committee : Cartographer : Dr Sadanand More, Chairman Shri. Ravikiran Jadhav Shri. Mohan Shete, Member Coordination : Shri. Pandurang Balkawade, Member Mogal Jadhav Dr Abhiram Dixit, Member Special Officer, History and Civics Shri. Bapusaheb Shinde, Member Varsha Sarode Shri. Balkrishna Chopde, Member Subject Assistant, History and Civics Shri. Prashant Sarudkar, Member Shri. Mogal Jadhav, Member-Secretary Translation : Shri. Aniruddha Chitnis Civics Subject Committee : Shri. Sushrut Kulkarni Dr Shrikant Paranjape, Chairman Smt. Aarti Khatu Prof. Sadhana Kulkarni, Member Scrutiny : Dr Mohan Kashikar, Member Dr Ganesh Raut Shri. Vaijnath Kale, Member Prof. Sadhana Kulkarni Shri. Mogal Jadhav, Member-Secretary Coordination : Dhanavanti Hardikar History and Civics Study Group : Academic Secretary for Languages Shri. Rahul Prabhu Dr Raosaheb Shelke Shri. Sanjay Vazarekar Shri. Mariba Chandanshive Santosh J. Pawar Assistant Special Officer, English Shri. Subhash Rathod Shri. Santosh Shinde Smt Sunita Dalvi Dr Satish Chaple Typesetting : Dr Shivani Limaye Shri. -
Sr. No. Survey Code Nature of Monuments, Buildings, Precincts
Sr. Survey Code Nature of Location Ownership Usage Special Feature Date of Classification Grading State of No. monuments, construction Preservation buildings, precincts, etc. 1 004-A-Awas-01- Nagoba Mandir Near Hanuman Mandir, Grampanchayat, Place of worship Mandir dedicated to 'Nagoba' / 19th century A (cul) IIB Good Nagoba Mandir village Awas, Taluka Awas village Serpent Deity. Alibag of Raigad district Very few places of worship dedicated to wild life are in existence today. Street View East Elevation Internal View View of attic and viewing gallery Location Map 2 004-A-Awas-04- Ganesh Mandir Village Awas, Taluka Grampanchayat Place of worship Unaltered stone garbhagruha, 19th century A (arc)(cul) IIB Minor Repair Vakratunda with a stepped Alibag of Raigad district Awas village sabhamandap with carved Mandir Complex well wooden columns beams, brackets. Street View Internal view of western Pokhran Eastern Pokhran view View of Sabhamandap and Location Map Garbhagruha 3 004-A-Awas-05- Water tank near Village Awas, Taluka Collector, Water body Water tank amidst dense 19th century I (sce) IE Good Khambaleshwa Khambaleshwar Alibag of Raigad district Raigad District indigenous vegetation Natural heritage r water tank Mandir, Awas View from south Awas Water tank View from North Awas Water tank Location Map Sr. Survey Code Nature of Location Ownership Usage Special Feature Date of Classification Grading State of No. monuments, construction Preservation buildings, precincts, etc. 4 006-A-Bamnoli- Khadtal Bridge Khadtal Bridge, Village PWD, Infrastructure for Well preserved beautiful stone 1840 C (seh) III Good 01-Khadtal Bamnoli, Taluka Alibag Maharashtra Transportation arches supporting the bridge Bridge of Raigad district State Western elevation Detail view Vehicular road view Plaque Location Map 5 016-A-Chari-03- Patil House Near Shri Ganesh Private Residential A prototype of Savkar house/ 19th century A(arc) III Major Repair Patil House Mandir, Village Chari, Domestic architecture. -
Consider the Following Statements. 1 in the Last Few Years, India Has
1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements. 1 In the last few years, India has increased its production of edible oils and only around 10 percent of its demand is met through imports. 2 Palm oil constitutes the major share of edible oils imports to India. 3 The major sources of Palm oil imports to India comes from Argentina and Brazil. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1, 2 b) 2 only c) 1, 3 d) 2, 3 Correct Solution: b) According to the Agriculture Ministry, the demand for vegetable oils has been in the range of 23.48–25.92 million tonnes between 2015-16 and 2019-20. However, domestic supply in this period has been much lower, in the range of 8.63–10.65 million tonnes. India depends on imports to meet its demand. In 2019-20, the country imported about 13.35 million tonnes of edible oils worth Rs 61,559 crore, or about 56% of the demand. This mainly comprised palm (7 million tonnes), soyabean (3.5 millon tonnes) and sunflower (2.5 million tonnes). The major sources of these imports are Argentina and Brazil for soyabeen oil; Indonesia and Malaysia palm oil; and Ukraine and Argentina again for sunflower oil. Source 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements. 1 Supermoon occurs when the Moon’s orbit is closest to the Earth and at the same time it is the Full Moon. 2 Supermoon cannot occur on a new moon day. 3 Apogee is a point of time when the distance between the Earth and Moon is the least. -
Review of Research ______
ISSN 2249-894X Impact Factor : 3.1402 (UIF) Volume - 5 | Issue - 9 | June - 2016 REVIEW OF RESEARCH _________________________________________________________________________________ INDIA’S FIRST NAVAL COMMANDER: KANHOJI ANGRE Tukaram Shinde ABSTRACT: In the 1700s, a man opposed European powers and emphasized the taxation of the Maratha Empire and the right of sovereignty over the coast of Maharashtra. He was KanhojiAngre, the chief of the Maratha Navy. How did he set an important example for local powers in the subcontinent about 33 years ago? KEYWORDS : European powers and emphasized , great empires of India. INTRODUCTION: The British Empire, built on a sea-dominant basis in the middle of the 20th century, neglected world politics because of its inclusion today. Even in our digital age when trade is accelerated and face-to-face interaction is at a great distance, debates about maritime water theft, maritime security and territorial domination re-dominate the dialogue between nations. This is an urgent matter for India on 7,517 kilometers of unsafe coastline. The great empires of India used the sea for trade and prosperity; They may have rarely looked at the sea for military or commercial power; Of the major forces that dominated the subcontinent, only the Cholas and the post-colonial powers could be considered as a true maritime empire. Yet in the emerging period of European colonialism, in the late 7th and early 2nd century, a single, semi- autonomous person on the Konkan coast emerged as the first indigenous defender of local sovereignty on the coastal waters: a man named KanhojiAngre. १ In the early decades of India's century, the first important naval man of modern India, Angre, maintained an indisputable hold on the heavily disputed coastline. -
Shivaji - Founder of Indian Navy
SHIVAJI - FOUNDER OF INDIAN NAVY The founder of the Maratha Kingdom, Shivaji was born to be a natural leader and fighter on 19th February, 1630. Chhatrapati Shivaji was one of the bravest, most progressive and sensible rulers of India. The founder of the Maratha Kingdom, Shivaji was born to be a natural leader and fighter on 19th February, 1630 in the prestigious Shivneri Fort. Till date, the day is celebrated as Shiv Jayanti with great rigour and traditional style by Maharashtrians. Shivaji established a royal name for himself in history with his administrative skills by upholding the Swarajya values and the Maratha heritage. He was known for his bravery and tactics with which he won numerous wars against the Mughals. He is Known as the Father of Indian Navy, Shivaji was the first to realise the importance of having a naval force, and therefore he strategically established a navy and forts at the coastline to defend the Konkan side of Maharashtra. The Jaigad, Vijaydurg, Sindhudurg and other such forts still stand to testify his efforts and ideas.The Maratha ruler Chhattrapati Shivaji is commonly credited for laying the foundations of the Indian navy. His naval bases around the coastal areas of modern day Maharashtra commanded by both Hindu and Muslim admirals are known to have defeated the Portuguese and the English invaders on several occasions. Maratha Warrior Admiral Kanhoji Angre’s exploits between the 17 and 18th century find a special mention in history, with even an Indian Naval Ship being named after him.The earliest records of India’s maritime history are found in the Vedic literature, but the first instances of naval wars are only found during the Cholas reign over southern India.Shivaji died within less than two months after this clash. -
Bucerosbuceros Vol
BUCEROSBuceros Vol. 8, Nos. 2 & 3 (2003) ENVIS Newsletter: Avian Ecology & Inland Wetlands Vol. 8, Nos. 2 & 3, May-December 2003 Annotated checklist of the Birds of Western Maharashtra Compiled by Anand Prasad Bombay Natural History Society 2003 Buceros Vol. 8, Nos. 2 & 3 (2003) ENVIS ENVIS (Environmental Information System) is a network of subject specific nodes located in various institutions throughout the country. The Focal Point of the present 25 ENVIS centres in India is at the Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, which further serves as the Regional Service Centre (RCS) for INFOTERRA, the global information network of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to cater to environment information needs in the South Asian sub-region. The primary objective of all ENVIS centres is to collect, collate, store and disseminate environment related information to various user groups, including researchers, policy planners and decision makers. The ENVIS Centre at the Bombay Natural History Society was set up in June 1996 to serve as a source of information on Avian Ecology and Inland Wetlands. ENVIS TEAM AT THE BNHS Centre-in-Charge : Mr. J.C. Daniel Project Coordinator : Dr. Asad R. Rahmani Senior Scientist : Dr. Gopinathan Maheswaran Scientist : Dr. Ashok Verma Editorial Adviser : Dr. Gayatri Ugra Citation: Prasad, A. (2003) Annotated checklist of the Birds of Western Maharashtra. Buceros 8 (2 & 3): 1-174 Cover Photograph: Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii by V. I. Thayil Cover Design and page layout: Mr. Gopi Naidu, BNHS. Copyright BNHS: All rights reserved. This publication shall not be reproduced either in full or in part in any form, either in print or electronic or any other medium, without the prior written permission of the Bombay Natural History Society.