Translation of Persian and Malay Literary Works in Malaysia and Iran 232 18 Yaser Malekzadeh: Review of Ghafouri, Farzin
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Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture www.dabirjournal.org Digital Archive of Brief notes & Iran Review ISSN: 2470-4040 No.7.2020 Special Issue: Hellenism and Iran 1 xšnaoθrahe ahurahe mazdå Detail from above the entrance of Tehran’s fijire temple, 1286š/1917–18. Photo by © Shervin Farridnejad The Digital Archive of Brief Notes & Iran Review (DABIR) ISSN: 2470-4040 www.dabirjournal.org Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture University of California, Irvine 1st Floor Humanities Gateway Irvine, CA 92697-3370 Editor-in-Chief Touraj Daryaee (University of California, Irvine) Editors Parsa Daneshmand (Oxford University) Shervin Farridnejad (Freie Universität Berlin/Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien) Judith A. Lerner (ISAW NYU) Book Review Editor Shervin Farridnejad (Freie Universität Berlin/Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien) Advisory Board Samra Azarnouche (École pratique des hautes études); Dominic P. Brookshaw (Oxford University); Matthew Canepa (University of Minnesota); Ashk Dahlén (Uppsala University); Peyvand Firouzeh (Cambridge Univer- sity); Leonardo Gregoratti (Durham University); Frantz Grenet (Collège de France); Wouter F.M. Henkel- man (École Pratique des Hautes Études); Rasoul Jafarian (Tehran University); Nasir al-Ka‘abi (University of Kufa); Andromache Karanika (UC Irvine); Agnes Korn (CNRS, UMR Mondes Iranien et Indien); Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones (University of Edinburgh); Jason Mokhtarain (University of Indiana); Ali Mousavi (UC Irvine); Mahmoud Omidsalar (CSU Los Angeles); Antonio Panaino (University of Bologna); Alka Patel (UC Irvine); Richard Payne (University of Chicago); Khodadad Rezakhani (History, UCLA); Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis (British Museum); M. Rahim Shayegan (UCLA); Rolf Strootman (Utrecht University); Giusto Traina (University of Paris-Sorbonne); Mohsen Zakeri (University of Göttingen) Copy Editor: Philip Grant Logo design by Charles Li Layout and typesetting by Kourosh Beighpour Contents Articles 1 Domenico Agostini: On Jerusalem and Luhrāsp: A Closer Look 1 2 Daryoosh Akbarzadeh: Collapse of Sasanian Empire 7 3 Kiumars Alizadeh: The earliest Persians in Iran toponyms and Persian ethnicity 16 4 Elshad Bagirow: Sassanid toreutics discovered in Shemakha, Azerbaijan as artistic metalwork 54 in the art of Sasanian Iran 5 Majid Daneshgar: An Old Persian-Malay Anthology of Poems from Aceh 61 6 Morteza Djamali, Nicolas Faucherre: Sasanian architecture as viewed by the 19th century 91 French architect Pascal-Xavier Coste 7 Shervin Farridnejad: Cow Sacrifijice and the Hataria’s Dedicatory Inscription at the Zoroastrian 101 Shrine of Bānū-Pārs 8 Hasmik C. Kirakosian: New Persian Pahlawān 112 9 Khodadad Rezakhani: Notes on the Pahlavi Archives I: Finding *Haspīn-raz and the Geography 119 of the Tabarestan Archive 10 Yusef Saadat: Contributions to Middle Persian lexicography 128 11 Diego M. Santos; Marcos Albino: Mittelpersisch rōzag ‘Fasten’ 149 12 Ehsan Shavarebi; Sajad Amiri Bavandpour: Temple of Anahid and Martyrdom of Barshebya 168 Special Issue: Hellenism and Iran 13 Jake Nabel: Exemplary History and Arsacid Genealogy 175 14 Marek Jan Olbrycht: Andragoras, a Seleukid Governor of Parthia-Hyrkania, and his Coinage 192 15 Rolf Strootman: Hellenism and Persianism in the East 201 Reviews 16 Chiara Barbati: Review of Benkato, Adam. Āzandnāmē. An Edition and Literary-Critical Study 229 of the Manichaean-Sogdian Parable-Book. Beiträge Zur Iranistik 42. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2017. 216 p., 42 images, ISBN: 9783954902361. 17 Majid Daneshgar: Translation of Persian and Malay Literary Works in Malaysia and Iran 232 18 Yaser Malekzadeh: Review of Ghafouri, Farzin. Sanǧeš-e manābeʿ-e tārīḫī-ye šāhnāme dar 236 pādšāhī-ye ḫosrō anūšīravān [The Evaluation of Historical Sources of Shāhnāme in the Reign of Khusraw Anūshīravān]. Tehran, Mīrās̱-e Maktūb. 2018. 577+17 pp. ISBN 9786002031310. Digital Archive of Brief notes & Iran Review No.7.2020 ISSN: 2470 - 4040 © Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies & Culture University of California, Irvine Special Issue: Hellenism and Iran 2020, No. 7 © Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture, University of California, Irvine ISSN: 2470 - 4040 Translation of Persian and Malay Literary Works in Malaysia and Iran Majid Daneshgar (Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg) 232 rchives suggest that Hendrik Karel Jan Cowan was one of the European pioneers who argued that the APersian Poet, Saʿdī Shīrāzī (d. c. 1291), was introduced to the Malay-Indonesian world through Indian Muslims in the 15th century. In 1940, he noticed a poem by Saʿdī inscribed on the tomb of Nāʾinā Ḥusām al-Dīn (d. c. 1420) in North Sumatra, Indonesia.1 Subsequently, other Dutch scholars, including Voorhoeve among others, discussed the contribution of Persian to Malay language sources.2 Very soon, Iranians and Malays themselves started to pay particular attention to the historical and cultural ties between the two communities.3 The fijirst known work in Persian about the relationship between Persia and the Malay-Indonesian world was produced by renowned Persian author Ahmad Suhayli Khvansari (d. 1994). In his short article, on the basis of MS.3696 (Safijinah-yi Sulayman) in the Malek Museum, Tehran, it is mentioned that Shah Sulayman Safavi (r.1666–1694) decided to send a commercial 1- H. K. J. Cowan, “A Persian Inscription in North Sumatra”, in Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 80/1 (1940), 15–21. 2- Petrus Voorhoeve, ‘Perzische invloed op het Maleis’, in B.K.I. 108/1 (1952), 92–93. 3- For a review of the literature see Majid Daneshgar, “The Study of Persian Shi‘ism in the Malay-Indonesian World: A Review of the Literature from the Nineteenth Century Onwards,” Journal of Shi‘a Islamic Studies 7/2 (2014), 191–229. Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture delegation to Siam (Thailand) in 1097/c.1686.4 In 1963 Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas then opened up a discussion in Malaysia, showing how Persian had influenced Malay-Indonesian Islamic mysticism in general and that of the famous Malay thinker, Hamza Fansuri (d. c.16th century), in particular.5 Persian to Malay Translations Despite the growing interest in Malay-Persian [-Shīʿī] studies, very few classical Persian works have been translated into the Bahasa Melayu language. Archives suggest that apart from A. Hamilton's Malay rendition of Khayyām's "Rubaiyāt" in 1932, one of the fijirst classical Persian works translated into Malay (using Romanized script by local scholars) was the Tadhkirat al-Awliya’ (“Memoirs of Saints”) of Farīd al- Din ʿAṭṭār (d. c. 1221) by Abdul Majid bin Haji Khatib in 1977.6 Surprisingly, he translated ʿAṭṭār’s work from the “abridged” Urdu version of Bankey Behari published in 1970. Later on, Mohd Ajmal Abdul Razak Al- Idrus (d. 2017) translated Rumi’s Masnavi into Malay in 2011.7 In 2017, Malaysian scholars translated Saʿdī’s masterpiece the Gulistān (‘the Rose Garden’) into Malay as “Taman Mawar”8, published by the Malaysian Press, Islamic Book Trust in association with the Cultural Center of the Embassy of Iran in Kuala Lumpur. It has a prawacana (‘foreword’) by Muhammad Bukhari Lubis, a Malaysian professor whose interest is Persian poetry and literature. The translator(s) of the Gulistān mainly consulted Persian online sources and printed volumes (not manuscripts), as well as Richard J. Newman’s 2004 English translation. According to the editorial note, the translation is not literal but conceptual (terjemahan ini iala terjemahan maʿnawi, bukan lafzi atau literal). Qurʾanic verses are also rendered on the basis of the Malay exegesis, “Tafsir Pimpinan al-Rahman kepada Pengertian al-Qurʾan” by Abdullah M. Basmeih. 233 The book starts with the famous dībācheh ‘preface’ of Saʿdī, which is translated as “muqadimmah”. However, as the term dībācheh was widely used in classical and pre-modern translations of Saʿdī’s Gulistān in various Islamic languages, it would have been more accurate if the Malaysian translator(s) had used this classical term in the Malay rendition.9 The work also fails to provide readers with original Persian terms in footnotes/endnotes, or with an index. This is despite the fact that original Arabic phrases (e.g., Qurʾanic verses) are clearly shown throughout the work. Also, the translation is sometimes unclear. For instance, the translator(s) says, “Aku bertanya: “Apakah engkau ambergris atau ,بدو گفتم تو مشکی یا عبیری :to translate kasturi?” (xxiii). However, it would have been more appropriate if s/he had translated it as “Berkata aku padanya: engkau kasturi atau anbar/ambergris.”10 4- Ahmad Suhayli Khvansari, “Karevan-e Siam: Ravabet-e Doust i-yi Siam ba Iran dar ‘Ahd-e Shah Sulayman-e Safavi,” Danish-e Mehr 7 (1333/1954), 432–436. On the “Ship of Sulayman” see also Mohammad Ibrahim, The Ship of Sulaiman, ed. J. O’Kane, Persian Heritage Series XI (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972), and Muhammad Ibrahim, Safijinih-yi Suleimani: Tashih va Ta‘liqat, ed. ‘Abbas Faruqi (Tehran: University of Tehran Press, 1356/1977). 5- For a list of al-Attas’ works related to Persian language and culture, see Daneshgar, “The Study of Persian Shi‘ism in the Malay- Indonesian World,” 191–229. 6- Syekh Fariduddin ‘Attar, Tazkiratul-Awliya’, trans. Abdul Majid bin Haji Khatib (Kelantan: Pust aka Aman Press, 1980). 7- Rumi, Karya Agung Mathnawi Jalaluddin Rumi, trans. Mohd Ajmal Abdul Razak Al-Idrus, 6 vols. (Kuala Lumpur: the Malaysian National Inst itute of Translation, 2012). 8- Muṣliḥ al-Dīn Saʿdī al-Shīrāzī, Taman Mawar (Selangor: Islamic Book Trust s in association with the Cultural Center of the Embassy of Iran in Kuala Lumpur, 2017). It would have been better if the term Gulist ān had been translated as “Taman Bunga Mawar.” 9- See Ms 08, kept in the Shoults Collect ions, University of Otago Library: the commentary on Dībācheh of Gulīst an in Ottoman Turkish. 10- To read about the Malay translation of Saʿdī’s poem see my "An Old Persian-Malay Anthology of Poems from Aceh". Dabir 7 (2020), 61-90. 2020, No. 7 Malay to Persian Translations A small number of Malay language resources have been introduced in Iran.