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January 2014 | Volume 24, Number 1 Featured Articles GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173 USPS 0456-530) prints news and information for more than 25,000 GSA member readers and subscribing libraries, with 11 monthly issues (April/ May is a combined issue). GSA TODAY is published by The Science Article: Geological Society of America® Inc. (GSA) with offices at 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado, USA, and a mail- 4 Massive landslide at Utah copper mine generates ing address of P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA. wealth of geophysical data GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, Kristine L. Pankow, Jeffrey R. Moore, J. Mark Hale, regardless of race, citizenship, gender, sexual orientation, Keith D. Koper, Tex Kubacki, Katherine M. Whidden, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this and Michael K. McCarter publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. © 2014 The Geological Society of America Inc. All rights Cover photo: Massive landslide on 30 April 2013 in the Bingham reserved. Copyright not claimed on content prepared Canyon open-pit copper mine near Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Image wholly by U.S. government employees within the scope of copyright Rio Tinto Kennecott Utah Copper; used with permission. their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted See related article, p. 4–9. permission, without fees or request to GSA, to use a single figure, table, and/or brief paragraph of text in subsequent work and to make/print unlimited copies of items in GSA Groundwork: TODAY for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. In addition, an author has the right 52 why are there so few Hispanic students in geoscience? to use his or her article or a portion of the article in a thesis or dissertation without requesting permission from GSA, provided the bibliographic citation and the GSA copyright credit line are given on the appropriate pages. For any other use, contact [email protected]. Subscriptions: GSA members: Contact GSA Sales & Service, GSA News +1-888-443-4472; +1-303-357-1000 option 3; gsaservice@ geosociety.org for information and/or to place a claim for non-receipt or damaged copies. Nonmembers and institutions: GSA TODAY is US$84/yr; to subscribe, or for claims for 10 GSA Today Science Editor Changes non-receipt and damaged copies, contact gsaservice@ geosociety.org. Claims are honored for one year; please 12 2013 GSA Annual Meeting & Exposition Wrap-Up allow sufficient delivery time for overseas copies. Peri- odicals postage paid at Boulder, Colorado, USA, and at 15 Best Student Geologic Map Award Winners additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to GSA Sales & Service, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, 16 Awards, Recognition, and Grant Deadlines CO 80301-9140. 17 GSA Distinguished International Lecturer GSA TODAY STAFF 18 GSA Hydrogeology Division Awards Executive Director and Publisher: John W. Hess Science Editors: R. Damian Nance, Ohio University Dept. of 19 2014 GSA Section Meeting Calendar Geological Sciences, 316 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, 20 Get into the Field with GSA & ExxonMobil OH 45701, USA, [email protected]; Steven Whitmeyer, James Madison University Department of Geology & 21 Second Announcement: 2014 GSA Northeastern Section Meeting Environmental Science, 800 S. Main Street, MSC 6903, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA, [email protected] 24 Second Announcement: 2014 GSA Southeastern Section Meeting Managing Editor: K.E.A. “Kea” Giles, [email protected], [email protected] 26 GSA Mentor Programs at the 2014 Section Meetings Graphics Production: Margo McGrew 27 2014 INHIGEO Conference Advertising (classifieds & display): Ann Crawford, 29 Welcome New GSA Members! +1-800-472-1988 ext. 1053; +1-303-357-1053; Fax: +1-303- 357-1070; [email protected]; acrawford@ 40 In Memoriam geosociety.org 40 GSA Elections GSA Online: www.geosociety.org GSA TODAY: www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ 41 LAST Call for Applications: 2014–2015 GSA-USGS Congressional Printed in the USA using pure soy inks. Science Fellowship 42 GSA Foundation Update 43 2013–2014 Division Officers 44 EarthCacheTM is Turning 10! 45 2014 GSA GeoVentures and K–12 Teacher Field Camps 46 Classified Advertising 51 Mosaics in Science 51 GeoCorpsTM America—Summer 2014 54 GeoVentures Hawaii 55 Call for Proposals: 2014 GSA Annual Meeting & Exposition Massive landslide at Utah copper mine generates wealth of geophysical data

Kristine L. Pankow*, Jeffrey R. Moore, J. Mark Hale, Keith D. THE BINGHAM CANYON LANDSLIDE Koper, Tex Kubacki, Katherine M. Whidden, and Michael K. The landslide occurred on 10 April 2013 at the Bingham McCarter, College of Mines and Earth Sciences, University of Canyon open-pit copper mine, located in the Oquirrh Mountains Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA ~33 km southwest of downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, USA ABSTRACT (Fig. 1A). Leaving a massive scar on the upper half of the northern pit wall, the slide filled the mine floor with thick debris (Fig. 1B). On the evening of 10 April 2013 (MDT) a massive landslide The long runout and distinctive flow-like character of the deposit occurred at the Bingham Canyon copper mine near Salt Lake suggest that the event was a particular type of extremely rapid City, Utah, USA. The northeastern wall of the 970-m-deep pit mass movement known as a rock avalanche (Hungr et al., 2001). collapsed in two distinct episodes that were each sudden, lasting At more than 970 m deep, Kennecott’s Bingham Canyon mine ~90 seconds, but separated in time by ~1.5 hours. In total, is the largest man-made excavation in the world. It has been in ~65 million cubic meters of material was deposited, making the operation since 1906 and produces 25% of the copper used in the cumulative event likely the largest non-volcanic landslide to have United States. The site has produced more copper than any mine occurred in North America in modern times. Fortunately, there in history. For decades, mine operators have monitored the were no fatalities or injuries. Because of extensive geotechnical stability of pit slopes within the Bingham Canyon mine, operating surveillance, mine operators were aware of the instability and had a surveillance network that includes the latest techniques in early- previously evacuated the area. The Bingham Canyon mine is warning monitoring, such as automated geodetic networks, in situ located within a dense regional network of seismometers and extensometers, and ground-based radar interferometry (e.g., infrasound sensors, making the 10 April landslide one of the best Gischig et al., 2011). These monitoring systems proved crucial in recorded in history. Seismograms show a complex mixture of first identifying, and then monitoring, the displacement of the short- and long-period energy that is visible throughout the incipient landslide on the northeastern wall of the Bingham network (6–400 km). Local magnitudes (ML) for the two slides, Canyon mine. which are based on the amplitudes of short-period waves, were Signs of increasing instability were evident throughout early estimated at 2.5 and 2.4, while magnitudes based on the duration 2013 as displacements accelerated within the unstable area. A of seismic energy (md) were much larger (>3.5). This magnitude visitor center, which had been located within the landslide source discrepancy, and in particular the relative enhancement of long- region, was closed and removed. Ultimately, on 10 April, move- period energy, is characteristic of landslide seismic sources. ments became so strong that mine operators evacuated the area Interestingly, in the six days following the landslide, 16 additional and issued a press release stating that failure was imminent and seismic events were detected and located in the mine area. rising dust might become visible. The first rock avalanche occurred Seismograms for these events have impulsive arrivals character- roughly seven hours later at 9:30 p.m. MDT. Because the area had istic of tectonic earthquakes. Hence, it appears that in this case the been evacuated, there were no injuries; however, several pieces of common geological sequence of events was inverted: Instead of a heavy equipment and critical infrastructure were damaged or large earthquake triggering landslides, it was a landslide that trig- impacted. These included 14 haul trucks, three shovels, and the gered several small earthquakes. forced closure of the pit’s main access ramp. Comparing digital elevation models from before and after the INTRODUCTION event, Kennecott estimated the landslide moved a total mass of Landslides are among the most destructive geological forces in 165 million tons (Kennecott Utah Copper, 2013), equivalent to a nature, causing billions of dollars in damage annually (see land- source volume of roughly 55 million cubic meters. As the source slides.usgs.gov [USGS, 2013]). For the period of 2004–2011, more rock breaks up, it expands, typically by 10%–30%, so the deposit than 32,000 landslide-related fatalities have been documented, not volume was likely in the range of 65 million cubic meters. For including those landslides caused by earthquakes (Petley, 2012). comparison, the deposit would cover New York City’s Central Here, we describe a recent massive landslide in Utah that was Park with ~20 m of debris. These volumes make the Bingham successfully forecast and thus resulted in no fatalities or injuries. Canyon rock avalanche likely the largest non-volcanic landslide in

ry 2014 Furthermore, it occurred within a dense regional network of North American history, eclipsing the recent 2012 Lituya Bay rock a seismic and acoustic sensors, generating a valuable and unique 3), the 2010 Mount

nu avalanche in Alaska (volume <50 million m a data set for studying landslide physics. Meager rock slide/debris flow in British Columbia (48 million m3), y | J a

GSA Tod GSA Today, v. 24, no. 1, doi: 10.1130/GSATG191A.1.

*E-mail: [email protected] 4 Figure 1. (A) University of Utah seismic and infrasound network, and location of the Bingham Canyon mine. (B) Photograph of the 10 April 2013 rock avalanche (copyright Kennecott Utah Copper, used with permission). Elevation of the crest and toe of the slide are shown, as well as an estimate of the runout distance along the arcuate travel path. A group of large haul trucks damaged by the slide can be seen at lower left. the 1965 Hope rock slide in British Columbia (47 million m3), the avalanche with other events from across the globe shows that, at 1959 Madison River Canyon landslide in Montana (30 million m3), roughly 2950 m, the total travel distance from crest to toe is and the 1903 Frank slide in the Northwest Territories of Canada within the expected range for events of this size (Fig. 2). The slide (30 million m3). In North America and worldwide, rock would likely have run farther had it not impacted the southern pit avalanches of this size routinely claim lives; the Madison River wall. Considerable variability exists within the global data set, Canyon slide killed 28, the Frank slide killed up to 90, while the however, and precise prediction of runout distance, even with the 2009 Xiaolin landslide in Taiwan (25 million m3) caused nearly aid of numerical modeling, is challenging. 500 fatalities. These statistics highlight the potentially devastating Local news agencies reported initial cost estimates related to the consequences of catastrophic rock avalanches and emphasize the Bingham Canyon rock avalanche approaching one billion dollars. importance of early-warning monitoring systems, such as those If these estimates prove correct, the rock avalanche will become used at the Bingham Canyon mine. the most expensive landslide in U.S. history, surpassing the 1983 Rock avalanches are distinguished from other types of land- Thistle slide (also in Utah), which at the time was estimated to slides by their massive volume and characteristically fast and long have cost between 460 and 940 million dollars (values adjusted for runout. While rock fall debris, for example, accumulates at steep inflation). For now, the successful monitoring and hazard mitiga- inclinations close to the angle of repose, rock avalanche deposits tion are heralded as an achievement, as well as an example to can spread over many kilometers, leaving gently inclined, charac- others facing the danger of catastrophic rock slope failures. teristically hummocky terrain containing highly crushed and fragmented, yet compact, debris. Typical flow velocities are in the SEISMIC AND INFRASOUND RECORDINGS OF range of tens of meters per second and can reach as high as 100 m/s THE LANDSLIDE (e.g., Crosta et al., 2004). In the past, such runout was often The University of Utah Seismograph Stations (UUSS) has

thought to be anomalous, but today we know it is common for operated a seismic network in the Utah region (Fig. 1A) since the | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ y source volumes of this size that fail in a catastrophic manner, early 1960s (Pechmann et al., 2007; Thomas et al., 2013) with the although the precise mechanisms driving rock avalanche dynamics goal of detecting, locating, and characterizing regional earth-

are still debated (Davies and McSaveney, 2012). Comparing the quakes associated with the Intermountain Seismic Belt (Smith a Tod GSA geometry (fall height and length) of the Bingham Canyon rock and Arabasz, 1991). The network is a Tier I component of the

5 Figure 2. Comparison of the Bingham Canyon rock avalanche (red dot) with other reported landslide events from across the globe (figure modified from Bourrier et al., 2013, with data from C. Davidson, unpublished M.Eng. thesis, 2011). The estimated geometry results in a Fahrboeschung value (defined as the angle a relating the fall height and length) of 16°, which is within the expected range for events of this size.

Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) of the U.S. Geological mine. For the first rock avalanche, there is a coherent signal on Survey (USGS, 1999) and is funded via a state-federal partnership. both arrays, arriving at times consistent with the slide as the As of 1 April 2013, the Utah network consisted of 200 seismo- source. However, at NOQ (13 km from the mine) the energy graphs, including broadband, accelerometer, and short-period consists primarily of a sharp impulse, while at WMUT (57 km sensors, generating 667 channels of 100 Hz seismic data, which are from the mine) the energy is >30 s in duration with both a long telemetered in near–real-time to the UUSS operations center and onset and coda. Differences in the waveforms likely result from archived at the public data center of the Incorporated Research different atmospheric travel paths. For the second rock avalanche, Institutions for Seismology (IRIS, see www.iris.edu). Station array processing shows no coherent signal at NOQ coming from density is greater along the Wasatch Front, an area of high seismic the mine, while the coherent signal at WMUT is short in duration hazard. In addition to the seismic network, UUSS operates nine and only slightly visible above background noise. Infrasound data infrasound arrays throughout the state in collaboration with from the second event are more difficult to discern because of Southern Methodist University and Los Alamos National increased background noise, possibly due to local winds (there Laboratory (Hale et al., 2010). was a rainstorm the night of the landslide). Seismic signals from the Bingham Canyon landslide were We can use the seismic observations to generate first-order recorded by UUSS at distances ranging from ~6 to over 400 km, estimates of the relative volumes of the two rock avalanches. while infrasound signals were recorded at seven arrays at distances Comparing signal durations, peak amplitudes of the seismogram from 13 to 400 km. Inspection of the seismic data importantly envelopes, and area underneath each envelope (as in Dammeier et revealed that the landslide consisted of two distinct rock al., 2011), we find that the two slides were roughly equal in avalanche events separated by ~1.5 h. Raw seismograms for the volume; this would correspondingly split and move the data point two rock avalanches appear similar and are dominated by presented in Figure 2. We note, however, that photographs suggest persistent, long-period (>10 s) energy; however, isolation of the that the second rock avalanche likely contained a greater propor- long-period signals reveals significant differences (Fig. 3). For tion of waste-rock deposited on the slope during previous mining ry 2014 a example, low-passed data from the first rock avalanche show a and so may have had a lower bulk density than the first failure. nu

a high-amplitude peak near the end of the coda, a feature that the Photographs also show that the first rock avalanche filled the second event lacks; meanwhile, the timing of the two maxima entire pit floor, while the second apparently stopped short of y | J a differs by tens of seconds. the southern wall, suggesting the first slide may have been Inspection of the infrasound data confirms that there were two slightly larger.

GSA Tod distinct rock avalanche events. Figure 3 shows beams formed by The ultra-emergent nature of seismic signals from the rock steering the arrays at two stations, NOQ and WMUT, toward the avalanches made standard earthquake detection algorithms

6 Figure 3. (A) Seismic and acoustic waveforms recorded at NOQ (13 km from slide), the closest broadband seismic station. Seismic traces are vertical component- velocity in different frequency bands (broadband, high-passed at 1 Hz, low-passed at 0.1 Hz); acoustic traces are infrasonic beams steered toward the mine in a pass band of 0.5–5.0 Hz. Gray box indicates time period with coherent signal originating from the mine. Amplitude scales are consistent for each pass band (i.e., they are consistent across each row). (B) Same as in (A) for seismic and acoustic waveforms recorded at station WMUT (57 km from the slide). Seismic traces were recorded by a short-period vertical-component seismometer. employed by UUSS ineffective. Such power detectors rely on With no clear P-wave arrivals, UUSS determined the location short-term versus long-term averages and are tuned to alarm on for the two rock avalanches at 40.536°N 112.142°W using satellite impulsive P waves. However, the two rock avalanches were auto- images. Origin times of 03:30:22 and 05:05:22 on 11 April 2013 matically detected and located using an algorithm based on the (UTC) were estimated by subtracting 1 s from the arrival time of continuous back propagation of globally recorded long-period the initial seismic energy at nearby stations (CFS, 6 km away; | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ surface waves (Ekström, 2006), which has previously been MID, 8 km away). Given the unknown phase of the first arrivals, y successful in detecting large landslides (Ekström and Stark, 2013). we are unable to calculate a more precise time. Using the esti-

The detection amplitudes correspond to surface-wave magnitudes mated location, local (ML) and duration (md, also known as Mc or a Tod GSA (Ms) of 5.1 and 4.9 for the first and second events, respectively coda magnitude) magnitudes for the first rock avalanche were (G. Ekström, personal commun., 2013). calculated to be 2.5 and 4.2, respectively. For the second rock 7 Figure 4. Time period of cross-correlation template analysis. Earthquake activity began shortly after the first rock avalanche and ceased 10 days later.

avalanche, the magnitudes were 2.4 and 3.5, respectively. Raw and the landslide suggests the tectonic events are triggered waveforms for each slide show two successive packets of energy aftershocks of the rock avalanches. Other shallow, non-earth- with approximately equal peak amplitudes (Fig. 3A). For the first quake seismic sources, such as mine collapses (Pechmann et al., rock avalanche, the trailing packet is dominated by low-frequency 2008) and nuclear explosions (Ford and Walter, 2010), have energy, while for the second event it is rich in high-frequency been known to generate aftershock sequences. The causative energy. This secondary pulse of high-frequency energy for the nature of aftershock triggering at the Bingham Canyon mine second slide results in waveforms that differ from the typical coda can be confirmed by detailed analysis of previous seismicity in decay seen in earthquakes or in the first rock avalanche (Fig. 3B) the area, which will be pursued in a future study. and makes comparison of duration magnitudes between the two FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS events difficult. The md 3.5 for the second rock avalanche should thus be considered a lower bound. Initial observations of the Bingham Canyon landslide presented The two UUSS magnitudes scales are designed to overlap seam- here indicate a complex sequence of events consisting of two large lessly. For the 6,664 earthquakes that occurred in the Utah region rock avalanches and sixteen smaller, possibly triggered, earth-

during 2000–2011 and were large enough for ML to be estimated, quakes. Clearly, much work remains in order to understand the

the mean ML–md difference is only -0.12 with a standard deviation details of this sequence. Important research questions include of 0.30. Therefore, the large M –m values observed for the two L d • How is the geometry of the rock avalanches reflected in the rock avalanches (-1.7 and <-1.1) are indicative of non-earthquake geophysical data? seismic sources, and are consistent with enhanced ratios of long- period to short-period energy relative to earthquakes (cf. Fig. 3). • Do the seismic and infrasound signals have a common source? This, in turn, is consistent with previous seismic observations of • Are differences in the seismic and infrasound signals of the landslides showing large M –m differences compared to earth- s b two rock avalanches related to different physical properties of quakes (Weichert et al., 1994). the mass flows? There were no obvious seismic or acoustic signals preceding the first rock avalanche. However, immediately following the second • Can the long-period seismic radiation be well fit by an equivalent-force model dominated by a single force, or is a more slide, an ML 2.5 (md 3.0) earthquake, plus three smaller quakes, occurred at shallow depths (<2 km) beneath the mine. All four of complex source model required? these events were automatically detected and located using normal • How are the 16 small seismic events (~−0.8–3.0 md) that UUSS procedures. The events have short impulsive waveforms occurred in the mine area in the ten days following the land- (Fig. 3) that are characteristic of tectonic earthquakes and unlike slide related to the two rock avalanches? the rock avalanche waveforms. Cross-correlation analyses using

ry 2014 the ML 2.5 event and the three smaller quakes as templates a ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

nu (Kubacki et al., 2013) suggest the existence of twelve additional a earthquakes, with magnitudes ranging from M -0.8 to 0.5. Six This work was partially supported by the State of Utah under a line- L item appropriation to the University of Utah Seismograph Stations

y | J occurred between the two rock avalanches, five occurred in the

a (UUSS) and by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, two days following the second rock avalanche, and one under USGS award number G10AC00085. We thank Kennecott Utah occurred ten days later on April 20 (Fig. 4). There were no Copper for providing the photograph used in Figure 1. Figures 1A, 3, and

GSA Tod earthquakes detected in the ten days preceding the first slide. 4 were drawn using the Generic Mapping Tools (http://gmt.soest.hawaii The coincidence between the timing of these tectonic events .edu/; Wessel and Smith, 1998).

8 REFERENCES CITED Kubacki, T.M., Koper, K.D., Pankow, K.L., and McCarter, M.K., 2013, Cross- correlation detection of seismic events related to the Crandall Canyon Bourrier, F., Dorren, L., and Hungr, O., 2013, The use of ballistic trajectory and Mine collapse: Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, in Proceedings of the granular flow models in predicting rockfall propagation: Earth Surface 32nd International Conference on Ground Control Mining, 30 July–1 Processes and Landforms, v. 38, p. 435–440, doi: 10.1002/esp.3372. Aug. 2013, 6 p., http://icgcm.conferenceacademy.com/papers/detail Crosta, G.B., Chen, H., and Lee, C.F., 2004, Replay of the 1987 Val Pola landslide, .aspx?iid=1380 (last accessed 11 Oct. 2013). Italian Alps: Geomorphology, v. 60, p. 127–146, doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph Pechmann, J.C., Nava, S.J., Terra, F.M., and Bernier, J.C., 2007, Local magnitude .2003.07.015. determinations for intermountain seismic belt earthquakes from Dammeier, F., Moore, J.R., Haslinger, F., and Loew, S., 2011, Characterization of broadband digital data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, alpine rockslides using statistical analysis of seismic signals: Journal of v. 97, p. 557–574, doi: 10.1785/0120060114. Geophysical Research, v. 116, F04024, doi: 10.1029/2011JF002037. Pechmann, J.C., Arabasz, W.J., Pankow, K.L., Burlacu, R., and McCarter, M.K., Davidson, C., 2011, Rock avalanches [unpublished M.Eng. thesis]: Vancouver, 2008, Seismological report on the 6 August 2007 Crandall Canyon Mine University of British Columbia, 13 p. collapse in Utah: Seismological Research Letters, v. 79, no. 5, p. 620–636, Davies, T., and McSaveney, M., 2012, Mobility of long-runout rock avalanches, doi: 10.1785/gssrl.79.5.620. in Clague, J.J., and Stead, D., eds., Landslides: Types, Mechanisms and Petley, D., 2012, Global patterns of loss of life from landslides: Geology, v. 40, Modeling: New York, Cambridge University Press, p. 50–58. no. 10, p. 927–930, doi: 10.1130/G33217.1. Ekström, G., 2006, Global detection and location of seismic sources by using Smith, R.B., and Arabasz, W.J., 1991, Seismicity of the Intermountain Seismic surface waves: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, Belt, in Slemmons, D.B., Engdahl E.R., Zoback, M.D., and Blackwell, D.D., p. 1201–1212, doi: 10.1785/0120050175. eds., Neotectonics of North America: Geological Society of America Ekström, G., and Stark, C.P., 2013, Simple scaling of catastrophic landslide Decade of North American Geology, Map 1, scale: 1:5,000,000, p. 185–228. dynamics: Science, v. 339, p. 1416–1419, doi: 10.1126/science.1232887. Thomas, G., Koper, K.D., Burlacu, R., and Drobeck, D., 2013, A model of Ford, S.R., and Walter, W.R., 2010, Aftershock characteristics as a means of ambient seismic noise recorded by the Utah regional network of strong- discriminating explosions from earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological motion seismometers: Seismological Research Letters, v. 84, p. 759–771, Society of America, v. 100, no. 1, p. 364–376, doi: 10.1785/0120080349. doi: 10.1785/0220130026. Gischig, V., Amann, F., Moore, J.R., Loew, S., Eisenbeiss, H., and Stempfhuber, USGS, 1999, An Assessment of Seismic Monitoring in the United States: W., 2011, Composite rock slope kinematics at the current Randa Requirements for an Advanced National Seismic System: U.S. Geological instability, Switzerland, based on remote sensing and numerical modeling: Survey Circular, 1188, p. 1–55. Engineering Geology, v. 118, no. 1–2, p. 37–53, doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010 USGS, 2013, Landslide hazards program: U.S. Geological Survey, http://landslides .11.006. .usgs.gov/ (last accessed 11 Oct. 2013). Hale, J., Arrowsmith, S., Hayward, C., Burlacu, R., Pankow, K., Stump, B., Weichert, D., Horner, R.B., and Evans, S.G., 1994, Seismic signatures of Randall, G., and Taylor, S., 2010, Infrasound Signal Characteristics from landslides: The 1990 Brenda Mine Collapse and the 1965 Hope Rockslides: Small Earthquakes, in Proceedings of 2010 Monitoring Research Review: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, p. 1523–1532. Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies, LA-UR-10- Wessel, P., and Smith, W.H.F., 1998, New, improved version of Generic Mapping 05578, p. 720–730. Tools released: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 79, Hungr, O., Evans, S.G., Bovis, M.J., and Hutchinson, J.N., 2001, A review of the p. 579, doi: 10.1029/98EO00426. classification of landslides of the flow type: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 7, no. 3, p. 221–238. Kennecott Utah Copper, 2013, Early estimates of slide impacts released, Newsroom, April 16, 2013: http://www.kennecott.com/slideupdates/early- estimates-slide-impacts-released (last accessed June 2013). Manuscript received 23 May 2013; accepted 8 July 2013. ★ | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ y a Tod GSA

9 GSA Today Science Editor Changes

Damian Nance of Ohio University remains onboard through December 2014.

GSA Today science editors are charged with obtaining first-class, Incoming science editor Steven J. focused articles that collectively Whitmeyer is associate professor of struc- reflect and summarize current topics tural geology and tectonics at James and discoveries in the earth sciences. Madison University. He is primarily inter- Science editors also solicit ested in tectonic evolution through time “Groundwork” articles, which are and uses structural and geospatial analyses meant to further the influence of to develop and visualize tectonic recon- earth science on education, policy, structions. He has co-edited two GSA planning, and funding. All submis- Special Papers (Google Earth and Virtual sions, whether solicited or volun- Visualizations in Geoscience Education and teered, are peer reviewed. To submit Research and Field Geology Education: an article to GSA Today, please go to Historical Perspectives and Modern www.geosociety.org/pubs/gsatguid Approaches) and one GSA Field Guide .htm for instructions and a link to our (The Mid-Atlantic Shore to the Appalachian online manuscript tracking system. Highlands: Field Trip Guidebook for the Science editor Bernard (Bernie) Housen 2010 Joint Meeting of the Northeastern of Western Washington University (WWU) and Southeastern GSA Sections). Learn finished his extended term with GSA more at www.jmu.edu/geology/people/ Today at the end of December. As science whitmesj.html. editor, Housen’s primary goal was to ensure that GSA Today remained “an inter- esting venue for the presentation of new research and synopses of important topics in the geosciences.” Housen is chair of the geology department at WWU and special- izes in Cordilleran tectonics and structure, ry 2014

a with an emphasis on paleomagnetism. nu

a Learn more at http://myweb .facstaff.wwu.edu/bernieh/. y | J a GSA Tod

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SILVEr American elements CH2M HILL Denver Museum of nature & Science Hess Corporation Itasca Denver, Inc. Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin Moxie Sozo* Pearson education

BrOnZE national Association of Geoscience Teachers on the Cutting edge Program Rite in the Rain*

COnTrIBuTOrS Dept. of earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of northern Colorado Dept. of earth & Planetary Sciences, northwestern University Moncrief Petroleum Geology Dept., Western State College of Colorado Paleontological Society Celestial Seasonings* | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ ParTnEr Lava Cap Winery GSA TodAy GSA The GSA Foundation is proud to continue its work in support of GSA and its programs.

*Denotes in-kind contribution 13 Annual Meeting Wrap-up My home in Leadville, Colorado, is about two blocks from where one of my heroes and 1903 GSA president set up his camp while studying the geology of the Leadville Mining District. Samuel F. (Frank) Emmons served as one of the two chief geologists for Clarence King’s Survey of the fortieth parallel. When the USGS was established in 1879, with King as its director, Emmons was made director of the Rocky Mountain Division. His first charge from King was, “You will devote the first years of your administration of your division exclusively to a study of the mineral wealth of the Rocky Mountains.” This work resulted in the publication of Geology and Mining Industry of Leadville, Colorado, 2013 GSA Annual Meeting which quickly became a worldwide classic. From Emmons’ excellent maps, cross sections, and Chair Vince Matthews descriptions, I have learned a lot about this world-class mining district in my backyard. But, the in Victorian garb at the 125th Anniversary Gala. 125th Anniversary Meeting that celebrated this wonderful society that Emmons and 99 of his fellow geologists founded in 1888 gave me the opportunity to learn even more about the Leadville Mining District. As general chair of the meeting, I selfishly suggested to field trip co-chair Lon Abbott that he try and arrange a field trip to Leadville. He did more than that. He set up a three-day trip to the Henderson and Climax molybdenum mines, in addition to one to the Leadville District led by Ralph Stegen and Tommy Thompson. This is just one example of how the Organizing Committee and GSA staff went above and beyond for this very special celebration of the long and distinguished history of our society. The myriad of special creations for our anniversary gave attendees a wonderful, commemorative experience. The historical map gallery documented the evolution of mapping in the U.S. and was enjoyed by all as they entered the Exhibit Hall. Flags with images of the founders fluttered in the same hall as flags with images of GSA honorees for 2013. Left Hand Brewery’s Field Assistant Ale was bottled for our celebration and was sampled in the Exhibit Hall every afternoon at beer thirty. The symphony, “Formations,” which was written for our anniversary and performed by the Boulder Philharmonic Orchestra, brought a standing ovation from the Victorian-garbed audience. The Governor of Colorado, John Hickenlooper, gave an enjoyable talk to hundreds of attentive fellow geologists. And then, there was the plain-old GSA convention itself, where a record number of attendees (about 8,000) renewed friendships, shared ideas and data, and had a stimulating (if not exhausting) four days. The end of the government shutdown enabled our federal colleagues to join us. With more than 4,900 abstracts submitted, there was something(s) for everyone. An outstanding session on the mid-September Colorado floods was put together at the last minute. Twenty-nine short-course workshops, 22 field trips (be sure to order a copy of the beautiful guidebook), and 13 Pardee Symposia attracted record and near-record participants. I thoroughly enjoyed the convention and hope you did too. Thank you to all who made this a memorable occasion!

Vince Matthews, 2013 Annual Meeting General Chair

14 Best Student Geologic Map Competition Award Winners

The inaugural Best Student Geologic Map competition at the 2013 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver celebrated GSA’s 125th Anniversary and the 125th year of geologic mapping. The competition highlighted student research from around the world that utilized field mapping and the creation of geologic maps as a major component. The top three student geologic maps were selected for recognition and awards at a special judging session at the meeting. First Place: Robert Mahon, University of Wyoming: “Geologic Map of the Saddle Peak Hills 7.5–Quadrangle, Death Valley National Park, San Bernardino County, California.” Mahon was awarded a Brunton Compass from the Association of American State Geologists. Second Place: Kent Walters, University of Cincinnati: “Glacial Geomorphology of Central Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA.” Walters was awarded a rock hammer and hand lens from the American Institute of Professional Geologists. Third Place: Jens-Erik Lund Snee, Stanford University: “1:24,000 Scale Geologic Mapping of Cenozoic Units in Huntington Valley and the Eastern Piñon Range, Elk County, Nevada.” Snee was awarded the 125th Anniversary Volume: GSA Special Paper 500, The Web of Geological Sciences: Advances, Impacts, and Interactions from the GSA Foundation. | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ y a Tod GSA

15 Award, Recognition, and Grant Deadlines

Detailed information on the following awards, honors, and publication, along with three copies of the publication, to grants was published in the October 2013 issue of GSA Today, Program Officer: Grants, Awards, and Recognition, GSA, P.O. www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/23/10/. If you have Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA; [email protected]. questions or need hardcopy forms, please contact Jamie Recio, at +1-303-357-1028 or [email protected]. AGI Awards GSA’s Top Medals & Awards Nomination deadline: 1 February Nomination deadline: 1 February Learn more at www.agiweb.org/direct/awards. Learn more at www.geosociety.org/awards/aboutAwards.htm. • AGI Medal in Memory of Ian Campbell • Penrose Medal • AGI Marcus Milling Legendary Geoscientist Medal • Day Medal • Donath Medal (Young Scientist Award) National Awards • GSA Public Service Award Nomination deadlines vary; learn more at www.agiweb.org/ • Bromery Award for the Minorities direct/awards. • GSA Distinguished Service Award • William T. Pecora Award • Subaru Outstanding Woman in Science Award • National Medal of Science • Vannevar Bush Award GSA Fellowship • Alan T. Waterman Award Nomination deadline: 1 February Existing GSA Fellows may nominate GSA members to fellowship in recognition of their distinguished contributions to the GSA Graduate Student Research Grants geosciences through publications, applied research, teaching, Application deadline: 3 February at 11:59 p.m. MST administration of geological programs, contributing to the public Cosponsored by GSA, the GSA Foundation, and awareness of geology, leadership of professional organizations, ExxonMobil and taking on editorial, bibliographic, and library responsibilities. Learn more and submit your applications online at Learn more about making a nomination at www.geosociety.org/ www.geosociety.org/grants/gradgrants.htm. members/fellow.htm. Read about the 2013 Fellows at www GSA’s Research Grants Program supports excellence in .geosociety.org/members/newFellows.htm. graduate student research. Last year, 307 grants were GSA Post-Doctoral Research Awards awarded, totaling US$582,340. The standard maximum (Cole Awards) award per grant is US$2,500. New for 2014: ExxonMobil is sponsoring 10 research grants at US$7,500 each. All appli- Nomination deadline: 1 February cants to the student research grant program are eligible for These awards are managed by the GSA Foundation. Learn more these awards, regardless of the topic or location of their at www.geosociety.org/grants/postdoc.htm. research. Questions? Call +1-303-357-1028 or e-mail • Gladys W. Cole Memorial Research Award for research on [email protected]. the geomorphology of semiarid and arid terrains in the U.S. and Mexico. • W. Storrs Cole Memorial Research Award for research on invertebrate micropaleontology.

John C. Frye Environmental Geology Award Nomination deadline: 31 March ry 2014 a This US$1,000 cash award, which is managed by the GSA nu

a Foundation, recognizes the best paper on environmental geology published by GSA or by a state geological survey within the past y | J a three years. To nominate a report, please submit a letter describing its importance, with up to three letters from users of the GSA Tod

16 2014 GSA Distinguished International Lecturer

Marjorie A. Chan Lecture Topics The goal of this lecture tour is to • Eolian Explorations: Dunes, Deformation, and Diagenesis send an excellent speaker with scien- • Mars for Earthlings: Using Earth Analogs to Decode the tific stature and impact to discuss a Sedimentary History of Mars topic at the forefront of research, to promote GSA, and to raise awareness Dr. Chan will be giving lectures in China, India, Korea, New in the international geoscience Zealand, and Australia in the spring of 2014. For lecture tour dates community about the relevance of and detailed information, go to www.geosociety.org/Sections/ GSA and its activities. Marjorie Chan International/LectureTour.htm. is one such speaker. The GSA International Lecture Tour is made possible through a generous gift to the GSA Foundation and co-sponsorship through the University of Utah and Chan is a professor of geology at the University of Utah in Salt the Geological Society of Australia. It is organized under the guidance of GSA’s Lake City, Utah, USA. Her research spans the geologic time scale International Section. from the Precambrian to the Pleistocene, and her recent projects connect geology and planetary science to better understand and interpret Mars. She has authored or co-authored more than 100 peer-reviewed articles on a wide range of sedimentary topics involving clastic depositional environments, sedimentology, fluid flow/diagenesis (e.g., iron oxide sandstone coloration and concre- tions), Earth analogs to Martian environments, and geoconservation. As a strong advocate and role model for women in science for the past three decades, Chan is active in encouraging women and minorities in the science disciplines. She is excited to represent GSA and a new age of science that will be dependent on sustainable practices, global cooperation, and engaged students who will help lead our future. | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ y a Tod GSA

17 GSA Hydrogeology Division Awards

Submission deadline: 1 February

■ New! Kohout Early Career Award ■ O.E. Meinzer Award How to nominate: http://gsahydro.fiu.edu/Kohout.htm How to nominate: http://gsahydro.fiu.edu/OEMeinzer.htm This new award is generously endowed by the estate of This award’s namesake, Oscar Edward Meinzer (1876– Francis Kohout, an early pioneer in the study of geothermal 1948), has been called the “father of modern groundwater salt water convection in carbonate platforms. The award will hydrology.” The award recognizes the author or authors of a be presented to a distinguished early career scientist (35 years publication or body of publications that have significantly of age or younger throughout the year in which the award is advanced the science of hydrogeology or a closely related to be presented or within 5 years of receiving his or her field. There are no restrictions as to the publisher of the highest degree or diploma) for outstanding achievement in work(s) and the award is not restricted to GSA members or contributing to the hydrogeologic profession through orig- members of the Hydrogeology Division. Particular weight is inal research and service, and for the demonstrated potential given to contributions that can be shown to have strongly for continued excellence throughout their career. The nominee influenced subsequent hydrogeologic research. does not have to be a member of GSA or hold a Ph.D.

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18 2014 Section Meeting Calendar www.geosociety.org/Sections/

SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA 17–18 March 2014 University of Arkansas Global Local Committee chair: Steve Boss Early registration deadline: 10 Feb. 2014

NORTHEASTERN SECTION Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA 23–25 March 2014 Lancaster Marriott Local Committee co-chairs: Noel Potter and Roger Thomas Early registration deadline: 18 Feb. 2014

SOUTHEASTERN SECTION Blacksburg, Virginia, USA 10–11 April 2014 Skelton Conference Center at Virginia Tech Local Committee chair: Robert Tracy Early registration deadline: 10 Mar. 2014

NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION Lincoln, Nebraska, USA 24–25 April 2014 Cornhusker Marriott Local Committee chair: Matt Joeckel Early registration deadline: 24 Mar. 2014

ROCKY MOUNTAIN/ CORDILLERAN SECTIONS Bozeman, Montana, USA 19–21 May 2014 Montana State University, Strand Union Building Local Committee chairs: Dave Lageson and Jeff Vervoort Abstracts deadline: 11 Feb. 2014 Early registration deadline: 14 Apr. 2014

Wilson Park, Fayetteville, Arkansas; used with permission of Wikimedia Commons. Ohiopyle falls at Ohiopyle State Park, Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania; used with | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/

permission of Wikimedia Commons. y Blue Ridge Mountains, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Photo by Amrinder Arora; used with permission of Wikimedia Commons. Chimney Rock National Historic Site, Morrill County, Nebraska.

Photo by Allen Stutheit; used with permission of Wikimedia Commons. a Tod GSA Grinnell Glacier, Glacier National Park, Montana. Public domain.

19 Get into the Field with GSA & ExxonMobil

Bighorn Basin

Field Camp Scholar Award Who should apply? Undergraduate students Deadline to apply: 18 April This year’s field award will provide US$2,000 each to 17 undergraduate students so they can attend the summer field camp of their choice. These scholarships are based on diversity, economic/financial need, and merit.

Bighorn Basin Field Award Who should apply? Undergraduate and graduate students and faculty Deadline to apply: 18 April Camp dates: 4–10 August This award covers all costs for selected students and faculty to take part in a week-long field seminar in the Bighorn Basin of north-central Wyoming that emphasizes multidisciplinary integrated basin analysis.

Field Camp Excellence Award Who should apply? Anyone, but the award must be used toward field camp operations Deadline to apply: 18 April One field camp instructor/director will receive an award of US$10,000 to assist with his or her summer field season. This award will be based on safety awareness, diversity, and technical excellence.

Questions? Contact Jennifer Nocerino, [email protected], 1-303-357-1036. ry 2014 a nu a Supported by y | J a GSA Tod https://rock.geosociety.org/ExxonMobilAward/index.asp 20 Second Announcement REGISTRATION Early registration deadline: 18 February Cancellation deadline: 24 February NORTHEASTERN SECTION REGISTRATION FEES (all fees are in U.S. dollars) EARLY STANDARD 49th Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Full mtg. One day Full mtg. One day Professional Member $180 $130 $225 $150 Section, GSA Professional Nonmember $200 $150 $250 $185 Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA Professional Member 70+ $100 $80 $130 $100 Student Member $60 $50 $80 $70 23–25 March 2014 Student Nonmember $70 $60 $90 $80 www.geosociety.org/Sections/ne/2014mtg/ K–12 Teacher $65 $50 $85 $60 Guest $50 $60 Field Trip/Workshop only $40 $45

ACCOMMODATIONS Reservation deadline: 28 February A substantial block of rooms is being held for use by meeting participants at the Lancaster Marriott at Penn Square Hotel, which is an integral part of the Lancaster County Convention Center. Rate: US$129 + 11% tax for single/double/triple/quad occupancy. Please use the group code “GSA” and the dates of the meeting when you call Marriott reservations at +1-800-228-9290 or +1-717-239-1600, or use the link at www.geosociety.org/ Sections/ne/2014mtg/registration.htm.

SAVE $$ — Share a Room/Share a Ride Use the GSA Meetings Bulletin Board http://community.geosociety.org/Communities/ RoommatesRides Connect with colleagues to find roommates, arrange rides, and share common interests. The service is free, but you must register to use it (this limits misuse).

TECHNICAL PROGRAM Cucumber Falls in Ohiopyle State Park, Ohiopyle, PA. Photo by Frank Kovalchek, used with permission via Wikimedia Commons. Symposia S1. Tectonic Links between the Northern and Southern Appalachians. Don Wise, Univ. of Massachusetts–Amherst, [email protected]; Hal Bosbyshell, West Chester Univ. At the Junction of the Northern of Pennsylvania, [email protected]; Gale Blackmer, and Southern Appalachians Pennsylvania Topographic & Geologic Survey, gblackmer@ pa.gov. LOCATION S2A. Origin and Evolution of the Appalachian Critical Zone. I. Lancaster is a small, vibrant city situated between the classic Physical, Chemical, and Biological Processes. Jason Price, Valley and Ridge province of the Appalachians and the geologi- Millersville Univ. of Pennsylvania, jason.price@millersville cally complex Piedmont. It is near the Susquehanna River, by .edu; Joel Moore, Towson Univ., [email protected]. which it was historically accessible from Chesapeake Bay. S2B. Origin and Evolution of the Appalachian Critical Zone. II. Lancaster has lately become an important focus for studying the Anthropogenic Sediments and Their Impacts on Aquatic effects of climate change and the human influence on its verdant Ecosystems. Robert C. Walter, Franklin & Marshall College, and productive landscape. The meeting is hosted by Franklin & [email protected]; Allen C. Gellis, USGS, agellis@ Marshall College; Dickinson College; Lafayette College; usgs.gov; Jeffrey Niemitz, Dickinson College, niemitz@ | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ Gettysburg College; Millersville University of Pennsylvania; dickinson.edu. y Enviroscan Inc., and the Pennsylvania Topographic & Geologic Survey. Interest in the varied program we have compiled for this Theme Sessions meeting is mounting. We strongly recommend early registration T1. Karst Research and the Sustainable Use and Management a Tod GSA and booking of accommodations. of Karst Aquifers. Malcolm Field, U.S. Environmental 21 Protection Agency, [email protected]; Neven Kresic, T14. An Interdisciplinary Approach to Taphonomy: The AMEC Environment & Infrastructure Inc., neven.kresic@ Impact of Morphological, Molecular, and Isotopic amec.com. Changes on Environmental Proxies. Qin Leng, Bryant T2. Interpreting Sedimentary Records of Past Changes in Univ., [email protected]; Chris Williams, Franklin & Climate and Ecology. Kira Lawrence, Lafayette College, Marshall College, [email protected]; Hong Yang, [email protected]; David Sunderlin, Lafayette College, Bryant Univ., [email protected]. [email protected]. T15. Significant 21st-Century Paleontological Discoveries in T3. Implementing Recent Innovations in Thermobarometry Northeastern North America. Roger D.K. Thomas, Franklin to Constrain Igneous and Metamorphic Evolution. Kyle & Marshall College, [email protected]; Roger Ashley, Virginia Tech., [email protected]; Victor Guevara, Cuffey, The Pennsylvania State Univ., [email protected]. Virgina Tech., [email protected]; Donald Stahr III, Virgina T16. Emerging Techniques and Applications in Paleolimnology. Tech., [email protected]. Greg de Wet, Univ. of Massachusetts–Amherst, gdewet89@ T4. Gaining a Greater Understanding of Mars from Gale gmail.com. Crater and Beyond. Rebecca Williams, Planetary Science T17. Glaciers, Sediments, and Landforms of Northeast North Institute, [email protected]. America and Beyond. Sarah Principato, Gettysburg College, T5. Embracing Digital Technologies and the Geoweb: The [email protected]; Benjamin Laabs, SUNY–Geneseo, Changing Philosophies and Practices of Geologic [email protected]. Mapping. Joseph Kopera, Massachusetts Geological Survey, T18. Using LiDAR Imagery to Map Features Generated by [email protected]; John Van-Hoesen, Green Mountain Quaternary Glacial, Periglacial, and Mass Movement College, [email protected]. Processes. Duane Braun, Bloomsburg Univ. of Pennsylvania, T6. Service Learning in the Geosciences: Deep Learning [email protected]; Gary Fleeger, Pennsylvania through Critical, Reflective Thinking, and Civic Geologic & Topographic Survey, [email protected]. Responsibility. Steve Winters, Holyoke Community T19. Echoes of Exhumation: Comparing Exhumation Processes College, [email protected]; Lori Weeden, Univ. of the Ancient Appalachians to Those of Currently Active Massachusetts, Lowell, [email protected]. Orogens. Craig Dietsch, Univ. of Cincinnati, dietscc@ T7. EarthScope Arrives on the East Coast. Charles ucmail.uc.edu. Scharnberger, Millersville Univ. of Pennsylvania, charles. T20. Groundwater Contamination and Remediation: [email protected]. Challenges and Innovative Solutions. Martin Helmke, T8. Coastal Storms in the Mid-Atlantic: Research and Teaching West Chester Univ. of Pennsylvania, [email protected]; Opportunities. Marcus Key, Dickinson College, key@ Tripp Fischer, Brownfields Science and Technology, dickinson.edu; Sean Cornell, Shippensburg Univ. of [email protected]. Pennsylvania, [email protected]. T21. Abandoned Mine Drainage: Impacts, Treatment, and T9. Acadian Paleoenvironments of the Appalachians: Novel Uses. Jennifer Whisner, Bloomsburg Univ. of Mountains Carved by “Alpine” Glaciers, Forested Pennsylvania, [email protected]; Cynthia Venn, Lowlands, and Swamps, and a Marine Foreland Basin with Bloomsburg Univ. of Pennsylvania, [email protected]. Limited Circulation. Alexander Bartholomew, SUNY–New T22. Marcellus and Utica Shales: Geology, Natural Gas Paltz, [email protected]; Edward B. Daeschler, Production, and Water Resources Issues. Dru Germanoski, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel Univ., daeschler@ Lafayette College, [email protected]. ansp.org; Frank R. Ettensohn, Univ. of Kentucky, f.ettensohn@ T23. Dr. Allan M. Thompson: Honoring His Legacy as a uky.edu; William E. Stein, Binghamton Univ., stein@ Geologist and Educator. John A. Conrad, Conrad binghamton.edu. Geoscience Corp., [email protected]; Ralph R. Leon, T10. Paleoclimate Records of All Types and Ages. John Rayburn, Exxon Mobil Corp., [email protected]. SUNY–New Paltz, [email protected]; David Barclay, T24. Mineral Resource Geology of Northeastern North SUNY–Cortland, [email protected]; Tara Cutrin, America. Elizabeth A. Graybill, Magnesita Refractories, Hobart & William Smith Colleges, [email protected]. [email protected]; G. Robert Ganis, Consulting T11. Examples of Next Generation Science Standards Geologist, [email protected]. Implemented in the K–12 Classroom by and for Teachers. T25. Microbe Mineral Interactions: Observations, Tanya Furman, The Pennsylvania State Univ., furman@ Experiments, and Modeling. Dawn Cardace, University of psu.edu; Laura Guertin, Penn State–Brandywine, guertin@ Rhode Island, [email protected]. psu.edu. T12. Geologizing in America: From Wilderness to Megalopolis. FIELD TRIPS ry 2014

a Jeri L. Jones, Jones Geological Services, jonesgeo@comcast 1. Sources and Sinks of Anthropogenic Sediments in the

nu .net; Mary Ann Schlegel, Millersville Univ. of Pennsylvania, a Mid-Atlantic Region. Sat., 22 March, 8 a.m.–5 p.m. US$80; [email protected]; Nicholas G. McDonald, includes field-trip guide, transportation, lunch, and refresh- y | J

a Westminster School, [email protected]. ments. Robert C. Walter, Franklin & Marshall College, robert T13. Scratching the Surfaces: Advances in Continental and [email protected]; Allen C. Gellis, U.S. Geological Survey, Marine Ichnology. Ilya Buynevich, Temple Univ., coast@ [email protected]; William B. Hilgartner, Johns Hopkins Univ. GSA Tod temple.edu; Logan Wiest, Temple Univ., logan.wiest@ temple.edu. 22 and Friends School, [email protected]; Dorothy J. Merritts, Travel Grants Franklin & Marshall College, [email protected]. Application deadline: 18 February 2. Tectonics of Southeastern Pennsylvania, West Grove Check www.geosociety.org/grants/negrant.htm for guidelines Metamorphic Suite. Sat., 22 March, 8 a.m.–7 p.m. US$75; and eligibility. Students must register for the meeting before includes field trip guide, transportation, lunch, and refresh- applying for a travel grant. ments. Howell Bosbyshell, West Chester Univ. of Pennsylvania, [email protected]; Gale Blackmer, Pennsylvania LOCAL COMMITTEE Geologic & Topographic Survey, [email protected]; William “Sandy” Schenk, Delaware Geological Survey, rockman@udel General Co-Chairs: Roger Thomas, [email protected]; .edu; LeeAnn Srogi, West Chester Univ. of Pennsylvania, Noel Potter, [email protected] [email protected]. Field Trip Chair: Andrew de Wet, [email protected] 3. Geology of the Baltimore Mafic Complex Adjacent to the Technical Program Co-Chairs: Chris Williams, chris.williams@ Pennsylvania–Maryland State Line. Sat., 22 March, fandm.edu; Dru Germanoski, [email protected]; Zeshan 7:30 a.m.–6 p.m. US$70; includes field trip guide, transporta- Ismat, [email protected] tion, lunch, and refreshments. Stephen Shank, Pennsylvania Geologic & Topographic Survey, [email protected]; Lynn Workshops: Rob Sternberg, [email protected] Marquez, Millersville Univ. of Pennsylvania, lynn.marquez@ millersville.edu; Christopher R. Hardy, Millersville Univ. of Pennsylvania, [email protected]. 4. Stratigraphy and Structure of the Chilhowee Group in Lancaster and York Counties. Sat., 22 March, 8:30 a.m.– 4:30 p.m. US$75; includes field trip guide, transportation, lunch, and refreshments. Charles Scharnberger, Millersville Univ. of Pennsylvania, [email protected]; Joseph P. Smoot, USGS, [email protected]; Edward L. Simpson, Kutztown Univ. of Pennsylvania, [email protected]; Jeri L. Jones, Jones Geological Services, [email protected]. 5. Late Devonian Vertebrate Fossils from the Catskill Formation at Red Hill, Clinton County, Pennsylvania. Sat., 22 March, 7:30 a.m.–9 p.m. US$110; includes field trip guide, transportation, lunch, and refreshments. Edward B. Daeschler, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel Univ., daeschler@ ansp.org; Walter L. Cressler, West Chester Univ. of Pennsylvania, [email protected]. 6. Hydrogeologic Framework Based on Van Houten Cyclic Stratigraphy and Gamma-Ray Logging, Naval Air Warfare The Columbia-Wrightsville Bridge, officially the Veterans Memorial Bridge, Center, West Trenton, New Jersey. Sat., 22 March, 8 a.m.– spans the Susquehanna River. Photo courtesy www.discoverlancasterpa.com. 4:30 p.m. US$90; includes field trip guide, transportation, lunch, and refreshments. Pierre Lacombe, USGS, placombe@ usgs.gov; Daniel Goode, USGS, [email protected]; Thomas Imbrigiotta, USGS, [email protected].

OPPORTUNITIES FOR STUDENTS More opportunities, including workshops just for students, are listed online. Mentor Luncheons Students will have the opportunity to discuss career prospects and challenges with professional geoscientists over a FREE lunch. See www.geosociety.org/mentors/ for more information. Cosponsored by the GSA Foundation. Roy J. Shlemon Mentor Program in Applied Geoscience:

Sun., 23 March, noon–1:30 p.m. | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ y John Mann Mentors in Applied Hydrogeology Program: Downtown Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Photo by Randolph Carney; used with Mon., 24 March, noon–1:30 p.m. permission via Wikimedia Commons. a Tod GSA

23 Second Announcement REGISTRATION Early registration deadline: 10 March Cancellation deadline: 17 March Southeastern SECTION REGISTRATION FEES (all fees in U.S. dollars) Early Standard 63rd Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Full Mtg. One Day Full Mtg. One Day Professional Member $235 $145 $265 $165 Section, GSA Professional Nonmember $255 $165 $285 $185 Blacksburg, Virginia, USA Student Member $105 $85 $125 $95 10–11 April 2014 Student Nonmember $125 $105 $145 $115 K–12 Teacher $50 $40 $55 $45 www.geosociety.org/Sections/se/2014mtg/ Guest $50 $60 Short Course/Field Trip only $40 $50

ACCOMMODATIONS Hotel reservation deadline: 10 March A block of rooms has been reserved for meeting attendees at the Inn at Virginia Tech, 901 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA, +1-540-231-8000. Rate: US$144 + tax, single or double. When making your reservation, be sure to ask for the GSA Southeastern Section room block.

TECHNICAL PROGRAM Abstract deadline: 7 January Submit online: www.geosociety.org/Sections/se/2014mtg/. Abstract submission fee: US$10 for students; US$15 for all others.

Symposia S1. Contextualizing the Importance of the Newark Supergroup to Understanding the Biotic Change in the Early Mesozoic. Sterling Nesbitt, Virginia Tech; Paul Duck Pond at Virginia Tech. Photo by Eric T. Gunther. Olsen, Columbia University. S2. Adaptation and the Architects of Change: The Reciprocal Relationship between Life and the Environment through Time. Mike Meyer, Western Carolina University; A. Drew Muscente, Virginia Tech. Elevating Geosciences in the S3. A Symposium in Honor of the Career of Richard Bambach. Shuhai Xiao, Virginia Tech; Gwen Daley, Winthrop Southeastern U.S.: New Ideas University; Andrew M. Bush, University of Connecticut. S4. In Honor and Memory of Dr. Robert B. Neuman: New about Old Terranes Directions in Southern Appalachian Geologic Research, Foreland to Hinterland. Mark Carter, USGS; Arthur LOCATION Merschat, USGS; Elizabeth McClellan, Radford University; Blacksburg is about 40 miles west-southwest of Roanoke and Melissa Brett, Radford University. 150 miles north of Charlotte. It is located near the boundary of the Valley and Ridge geologic province to the west and the Blue Theme Sessions Ridge to the east, conveniently close to a wide range of geologic T1. Modern and Ancient Sediment Routing Systems in the features. We have developed a technical program and field trips Southeastern United States. William Craddock, USGS; that cover a diverse set of geologic topics and processes, from seis- Kenneth Eriksson, Virginia Tech. ry 2014

a mology, to Cenozoic volcanism, to Paleozoic sedimentation on the T2. Geologic Studies of the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain.

nu Laurentian margin, to surface water and groundwater processes, a Christopher Swezey, USGS; William R. Doar III, South to Paleozoic magmatism and metamorphism, to Paleozoic and Carolina Geologic Survey.

y | J Mesozoic geobiology. Our meeting is also at that magical time of a T3. Paleontologists of the Southeast: Characters Welcome! Appalachian Spring when the mountains of southwestern Michael A. Gibson, Univ. of Tennessee–Martin; Richard A. Virginia are at their best. Please join us for an exciting meeting! Laws, Univ. of North Carolina–Wilmington. GSA Tod

24 T4. Revealing the Cenozoic Fossil Record in Eastern North T21. Karst and Caves. Madeline Schreiber, Virginia Tech; John America. Michelle R. Stocker, Virginia Tech; Gregg F. Haynes, James Madison Univ.; Dorothy Vesper, West Gunnell, Duke University. Virginia Univ. T5. Ichnology in the Southeast USA. Andrew K. Rindsberg, T22. Hydrologic Characterization of Crystalline-Rock Aquifers Univ. of West Alabama. of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Provinces. Tom Burbey, T6. EarthScope Targets in the Eastern United States. John Hole, Virginia Tech; Larry Murdoch, Clemson Univ. Virginia Tech; Steven Whitmeyer, James Madison Univ. T23. Water-Quality Issues in the Southeast U.S. Vijay Vulava, T7. Lessons Learned from the 2011 Virginia Earthquake. College of Charleston; Madeline Schreiber, Virginia Tech. J. Wright Horton, USGS; Martin Chapman, Virginia Tech; T24. Hidden Gems: Geological Collections and Museums in the Russell Green, Virginia Tech. Southeastern U.S. Jim Beard, Virginia Museum of Natural T8. Geohazards: Methods for Mapping, Monitoring, and History; Llyn Sharp, Virginia Tech Museum of Geosciences; Mitigating. C.F. (Skip) Watts, Radford Univ.; M.J. (Marty) Sarah Timm, Virginia Museum of Natural History. Woodard, Haley and Aldrich. T25. Watershed Processes. Jeff Wilcox, Univ. of North Carolina– T9. Geologic Maps, Geophysical Maps, Digital Geologic Maps, Asheville; Weston Dripps, Furman Univ. and Derivatives from Geologic and Geophysical Maps T26. Hands-on Geoscience Activities for Complex Topics: A (Posters). Michael W. Higgins; Ralph F. Crawford, The Marketplace of Ideas. Denny Casey, Virginia Museum of Geologic Mapping Institute. Natural History; David Kopaska-Merkel, National T10. Digital Devices and Online Resources for Geospatial Association of Geoscience Teachers; Eric Pyle, James Visualization. Callan Bentley, Northern Virginia Madison Univ.; Llyn Sharp, Virginia Tech. Community College; Declan DePaor, Old Dominion Univ. T27. Metamorphism in the Southeast and Beyond. Ted Labotka, T11. Hydrocarbon Recovery Using Fracking Technologies. John [email protected]; Harry Y. McSween, [email protected], Chermak, Virginia Tech. University of Tennessee–Knoxville. T12. Virginia Uranium. Robert J. Bodnar, Virginia Tech. T28. Economic Geology in the Southeast: Gold, REE, V, U, T13. Evaluating Dust Contaminant Exposure and Impact on Other Critical Minerals, and the Indispensible Industrial Human Health and Community Well-Being Associated Minerals. Nora Foley, USGS. with Coal Mining Activities. Nicholas Basta, The Ohio State Univ.; John R. Craynon, Virginia Tech; Nancy E. FIELD TRIPS Johnson, Kentucky College of Public Health; J. Buchanich, Pre-Meeting Univ. of Pittsburgh; E. Talbott, Univ. of Pittsburgh; 1. “Active” Features along a “Passive” Margin: The Intriguing Vladislav Kecojevic, West Virginia Univ.; Braden Lusk, Interplay between Silurian-Devonian Stratigraphy, Univ. of Kentucky; Susan L. Meacham, Virginia Tech; Alleghanian Structures, and Eocene Magmatism of Michael E. Karmis, Virginia Tech. Highland and Bath Counties, Virginia. Tues.–Wed., 8–9 T14. Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Mine Wastes. J. Donald April. John Haynes, James Madison Univ., [email protected]; Rimstidt, Virginia Tech; Lee Daniels, Virginia Tech. Elizabeth Johnson, James Madison Univ.; Steve Whitmeyer, T15. Melting Processes in the Eastern U.S. Esteban Gazel, James Madison Univ. Virginia Tech; Elizabeth Johnson, James Madison Univ. 2. Does the Chopawamsic Fault Represent the Main Lapetan T16. The Next Generation Science Standards, Common Core, Suture in the Southern Appalachians? Geology, and STEM: Opportunities for Geoscience Education in Geochemistry, and Geochronology of the Western Piedmont K–12 and Beyond. William Witherspoon, Fernbank Science in Northern Virginia. Tues.–Wed., 8–9 April. K. Stephen Center, DeKalb County School District; Denise Hills, Hughes, North Carolina State Univ., [email protected]; Geological Survey of Alabama; Lionel Crews, Univ. of James P. Hibbard, North Carolina State Univ. Tennessee at Martin. 3. key Structural and Stratigraphic Relationships from the T17. Progress in Online Geoscience Education. Jennifer Sliko, Northeast End of the Mountain City Window and Mount Western Carolina Univ.; Hannah Scherer, Virginia Tech. Rogers Area, Virginia–North Carolina–Tennessee. Mon.– T18. Earth-Science Instruction in 2013 and Beyond: How Wed., 7–9 April. Arthur J. Merschat, USGS, amerschat@usgs Teaching Practical Science Classes Will (and Must!) Adapt .gov; Richard Tollo, George Washington Univ.; Elizabeth in a World of MOOCs and Social Media Options. Douglas McClellan, Radford Univ.; Scott Southworth, USGS. W. Haywick, Univ. of South Alabama; Ann E. Holmes, Univ. 4. Geologic Setting of the August 2011 Central Virginia of Tennessee–Chattanooga; David Kopaska-Merkel, Earthquake. Tues.–Wed., 8–9 April. Bill Burton, USGS, Geological Survey of Alabama. [email protected]; David Spears, Virginia Dept. of Mines, T19. Innovative, Multidisciplinary Approaches to Teaching Minerals, and Energy; Rich Harrison, USGS; Nick Evans; Core Geoscience Courses. Lynn Fichter, James Madison Steve Schindler, USGS; Ron Counts, USGS. Univ.; Lawrence Malinconico, Lafayette College; David 5. The Marcellus/Millboro Shale in Virginia and West Sunderlin, Lafayette College; Steven Whitmeyer, James Virginia. Tues.–Wed., 8–9 April. Daniel Soeder, U.S. Dept. of | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ Madison Univ. y Energy, [email protected]; John Chermak, Virginia T20. Undergraduate Research as Teaching Practice in the Tech; Cathy Enomoto, USGS. Southeastern Section. Jeff Ryan, Univ. of South Florida; Weston Dripps, Furman Univ.; Lee Phillips, Univ. of a Tod GSA North Carolina at Pembroke. 25 Post-Meeting STUDENT MENTOR LUNCHEONS 6. karst Geomorphology and Hydrology in the Shenandoah Cosponsored by the GSA Foundation. Students will have the oppor- Valley, Virginia. Fri.–Sun., 11–13 April. Daniel Doctor, USGS, tunity to discuss career prospects and challenges with professional [email protected]; Wil Orndorff, Virginia Dept. of geoscientists over a FREE lunch. See www.geosociety.org/ Conservation and Recreation; Joel Maynard, Virginia Dept. of mentors/ for more information. Environmental Quality; Jerry Casile, USGS; Matt Heller, Roy J. Shlemon Mentor Program in Applied Geoscience: Virginia Dept. of Mines, Minerals, and Energy. Thurs., 10 April. 7. Tectonics and Stratigraphy of the Eastern Blue Ridge: John Mann Mentors in Applied Hydrogeology Program: Regional Correlations of the Ashe and Alligator Back Fri., 11 April. Formation (Metamorphic Suites), Southern Virginia and Northwestern North Carolina. Sat.–Sun., 12–13 April. Mark LOCAL COMMITTEE Carter, USGS, [email protected]; Arthur J. Merschat, USGS. 8. Geology of the Scottsville Mesozoic Basin, Virginia General Chairs: Robert J. Tracy, [email protected]; Kenneth A. Piedmont. Sat.–Sun., 12–13 April. Christopher M. Bailey, Eriksson, [email protected] College of William & Mary, [email protected]; Jacob Technical Program Chair: Steven Whitmeyer, whitmesj@ Rosenthal, College of William & Mary; Robert Weems, USGS. jmu.edu 9. Mesozoic Fauna from the Solite Quarry, Dan River Basin, Field Trip Chairs: Chuck Bailey, [email protected]; Lorrie Coiner, Virginia. Sat., 12 April. Andy Heckert, Appalachian State [email protected] Univ., [email protected]; Cynthia Liutkus-Pierce, Appalachian State Univ.; Alton Dooley, Virginia Museum of Exhibits Coordinator: Sarah Timm, sarah.timm@vmnh Natural History. .virginia.gov 10. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Upper Mississippian Posters Coordinator: Esteban Gazel, [email protected] Pride Shale in the Appalachian Basin. Sat., 12 April. Sponsorships Coordinator: Chester (Skip) Watts, cwatts@ Ken Eriksson, Virginia Tech, [email protected]; Ty Buller, radford.edu Virginia Tech. 11. Geology of the Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Virginia Piedmont. Fri.–Sat., 11–12 April. Joe Aylor, Virginia Uranium Corporation, [email protected]; James Beard, Virginia Museum of Natural History; Bob Bodnar, Virginia Tech. GSA Mentor Programs at the 2014 Section Meetings

Plan now to attend a Roy J. Shlemon Mentor Program in for times and locations. A reminder will be included on all student Applied Geoscience and/or a John Mann Mentor Program in badges at the onsite registration desk. Space is limited, so plan to Applied Hydrogeology luncheon at your 2014 Section Meeting to arrive early: first come, first served. If you have questions or want receive career advice and chat one-on-one with practicing geosci- to serve as a mentor, please contact Jennifer Nocerino at entists. FREE lunches will be served! Check the Section Meetings [email protected]. website, www.geosociety.org/mentors/sectionSched.htm,

SOUTH-CENTRAL NORTH-CENTRAL Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA Lincoln, Nebraska, USA Shlemon luncheon: Mon., 17 March Shlemon luncheon: Thurs., 24 April Mann luncheon: Tues., 18 March Mann luncheon: Fri., 25 April

NORTHEASTERN JOINT ROCKY MOUNTAIN & Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA CORDILLERAN Shlemon luncheon: Sun., 23 March Bozeman, Montana, USA Mann luncheon: Mon., 24 March Shlemon luncheon: Mon., 19 May Mann luncheon: Tues., 20 May ry 2014

a SOUTHEASTERN

nu Blacksburg, Virginia, USA a Shlemon luncheon: Thurs., 10 April Mann luncheon: Fri., 11 April y | J a

GSA Tod www.geosociety.org/Sections/meetings.htm

26 2014 INHIGEO CONFERENCE International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences 6–10 July 2014 Asilomar Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, California, USA

The 2014 International Commission on the History of of the Earth Sciences.” The focus of that meeting was on how Geological Sciences (INHIGEO) conference will be held on the practicing scientists (geoscience “insiders”) and professional Asilomar Conference Grounds, situated by the ocean on the historians (“outsiders”) approached research in our field. Monterey Peninsula, California, USA. Asilomar provides an Twenty years later, it is fitting to ask where we stand on funda- outstanding setting for extensive interaction among meeting mental questions about scholarly inquiry into the development participants, with meals taken in common at the center’s dining of the geosciences. hall. Participants should plan to arrive at Asilomar on the after- • What is properly encompassed within historical studies noon of 6 July with departure on the 11th. A post-meeting field of the earth sciences? How is the domain of investigation trip is planned for 11–16 July. defined? Where do its boundaries lie? This meeting is sponsored jointly by the INHIGEO and the • Why should the history of the earth sciences be investi- Geological Society of America (GSA). North American members gated and analyzed? What purposes are served by such of INHIGEO and the GSA History and Philosophy of Geology historical examination? Who should care? Division are partners in planning this meeting. • How should research on history of the geosciences be conducted? How should the results be formulated? CALL FOR PRESENTATION PROPOSALS How can constructive dialogue between scientists and Deadline: 17 Jan. 2014 historians be promoted? How can our research be better If you wish to make a presentation at the meeting, please shared with colleagues and with the public at large? complete the online proposal form at http://community.geoso- 2. California’s Place in the History of the Earth Sciences. ciety.org/INHIGEO2014/Home. Membership in INHIGEO or keynote speakers: Eldridge Moores (University of California, GSA is not a prerequisite for presentation and participation in the Davis) and William R. Dickinson (University of Arizona). conference. The organizers strongly encourage attendance and With this meeting’s venue in California—and at the site of the participation by everyone with interest in the themes of the watershed 1969 Penrose Conference (“The Meaning of the conference and hope for active involvement by many who are not New Global Tectonics for Geology”)—it is especially appro- INHIGEO members. priate that the second conference theme be about California’s place in the history of the earth sciences. DUAL CONFERENCE THEMES 1. Doing the History of the Earth Sciences: PROGRAM What, Why, and How? The Program Committee will entertain all proposals addressing keynote speakers: Claudine Cohen (École des Hautes Études the history of the geosciences but strongly encourages presenta- en Sciences Sociales, Paris) and Ernst Hamm (York University, tions relevant to either of the two conference themes. For those Toronto). who may need this encouragement, it should be said that research In 1994, GSA hosted the Penrose Conference, “From the Inside into any area of the history of the geosciences can be organized so and the Outside: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the History as to address aspects of the programmatic, historiographical, and | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ y a Tod GSA

California’s Big Sur Coast near Pacific Grove, California, USA. Image credit: Robert Schwemmer, NOAA photo library, www.flickr.com/photos/ noaaphotolib/5436397416/. 27 methodological issues stated in the first of the conference themes. Participants should plan to arrive at Asilomar on the afternoon Presentations will include posters as well as talks. of 6 July, with departure on the 11th. Dinner on the 6th is Closing keynote speaker: Henry R. Frankel (University of included in the lodging package (Asilomar lodging includes three Missouri–Kansas City) will speak at the closing banquet. meals per day in the Crocker Dining Hall). A non-refundable deposit of the charge for one night’s accommodation plus a one- Posters: Poster presenters will have the opportunity, in advance of time housing bureau fee of US$20 per person will be required the poster session, to make very brief remarks about their presen- when you make your reservation. tations as part of the oral program. Rates for combined lodging and meals (alcoholic beverages not Panel sessions: The Program Committee will endeavor to cluster included), per person, are set as follows: Single occupancy: some presentations as components of panel sessions for contribu- US$262.47; double occupancy: US$167.42 per person; youth (ages tions that relate to a common problem or issue. Identification and 3 to 12, in a shared room): US$94.32. There are also very limited organization of such panel sessions will depend on proposals possibilities for triple and quad accommodation, at the daily rates received. As examples, here are two potential Panel Session topics: of US$139.40 and US$125.40 per person, respectively. These rates are inclusive of all fees and taxes. It is important to remember that A. We belong too: Inclusion of “outlier disciplines” in the history these daily amounts include three meals as well as lodging. of the earth sciences. How can fields outside “geology proper” be While conference participants are not required to take accom- integrated within the history of the earth sciences? How impor- modation at Asilomar, the organizers very strongly encourage tant is it to attempt to do this? Such a panel might incorporate doing so in order to promote interactions among conferees. oceanography, meteorology and climatology, geography, cartog- Conference registrants who choose to book lodging elsewhere raphy, soil science, geochemistry, physics, engineering, mathe- will be charged a daily fee of US$10, required by Asilomar for matics, environmental planning, and alchemy and early “off-grounds participants.” chemistry. B. Organizing research around theory and practice: At the close of ITINERARY his 1986 book, Controversy in Victorian Geology: The Cambrian- Silurian Debate, Jim Secord argued for a reorientation away from 9 July: Mid-Meeting Excursion Day a handful of classic theoretical debates toward concrete traditions of Point Lobos State Natural Reserve, a spectacular coastal head- research, or what he called “an approach through the study of prac- land ten miles south of Asilomar, is also a locality of geologic tice.” What is the present state of affairs (and what are the prospects interest. Here one can examine ocean-side exposures of for the immediate future) regarding this polarity—placing historical Paleocene-age submarine canyon infill deposits lying unconform- research around twin poles of theory and practice? ably on mid-Cretaceous granitic rocks. Leaders: Léo Laporte, Bob Garrison, and Steve Rowland. Learn more about Point Lobos at REGISTRATION www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=571. http://community.geosociety.org/INHIGEO2014/Home/ Options for those preferring to make independent excursions Among the costs covered by the registration fee, which will be include the outstanding Monterey Bay Aquarium (www posted online, are pre-dinner receptions and private dining rooms .montereybayaquarium.org), located just two and a half miles on the evenings of the conference opening and closing; coffee from Asilomar, and accessible by public bus; and the historic town breaks; expenses for meeting space, audio-visual equipment and of Carmel, site of one of the earliest California missions, about service, and poster equipment; program printing; and meeting six miles away (www.carmelcalifornia.com). administrative and planning expenses. 11–16 July: Post-Meeting Field Trip VENUE Plans are in progress for a six-day post-meeting field excursion, Dates: 6–11 July 2014 limited to 32 participants. The itinerary will take the group from Reservations open: 6 Jan. 2014 Asilomar eastward across the San Joaquin Valley to Yosemite Reservation deadline: 6 June 2014 National Park (with two nights at Yosemite Lodge at the Falls), The Asilomar Conference Grounds in California, USA, has then across the Sierra Nevada to the western margin of the Great been the site of many notable meetings over the past several Basin (two nights at Mammoth Lakes). On the return via Lake decades. Learn more at www.visitasilomar.com. Tahoe, the group will be able to visit localities associated with the Asilomar is located about 120 miles (190 km) south of San mid-19th-century California Gold Rush. For those who prefer not Francisco and about 330 miles (530 km) north of Los Angeles. to terminate the trip with a return to Asilomar, afternoon drop- Airline travelers can reach Asilomar via the nearby Monterey off on 16 July at a major airport (probably Sacramento) will be an Regional Airport (MRY), with service from San Francisco, option. Trip leaders: Tony Orme and Ken Aalto. ry 2014

a Los Angeles, San Diego, Las Vegas, Phoenix, and Denver. The Organizing Committee

nu much larger international airports of San Francisco (SFO), about Kenneth R. Aalto, Victor R. Baker, Kennard B. Bork, Renee M. a 110 miles away (177 km), and San Jose (SJC), 80 miles distant Clary, James C. Dawson, Gregory A. Good, Léo F. Laporte, and

y | J (130 km), are linked by direct shuttle (Monterey Airbus, www

a Kenneth L. Taylor. .montereyairbus.com). Program Committee Vic Baker, Jim Dawson, Mott Greene, Sally Newcomb, and GSA Tod Ken Taylor.

28 John J. Donohue IV Harry Dowsett Patrick J. Drohan Jennifer Druhan Welcome New Assem El-Haddad Ettebong Eshiet Emmanuel Victoria Ershova

Eden Espino Photo by Jason Gulley. GSA Members! Perry Fields Daniel C. Fisher William H. Fleming Jr. The following individuals submitted their applications for GSA Robert John Floran membership between 16 Feb. and 19 Sept. 2013 and were approved Matthew Fox by GSA Council during the 2013 GSA Annual Meeting & Dylan H. Frazer Exposition in October 2013. Richard Friese Wayne Thomas Froehlich PROFESSIONALS John R. Broker Cunhai Gao Erin Adams Alan Lee Brown Carlos Alberto Garcia-Ramirez Timothy Adams Jacinda Nettik Brown Hassan Gholibeigian Alfredo Aguillón-Robles Larry Buckley Melissa Noel Gill Adel Alaraifi George Burke Pedro David Gomez Gutierrez Murray Allan Heath Bush Brian F. Gootee Jessica Allewalt Nicholas Butterfield Quentin Graham Thomas Ambroz William T. Cains Sr. Walter Gray Muhammad Azrul Amir David Calvert Laurie Green Colin D. Anderson Cory James Cantrell Aaron Greene Songjian Ao Lorraine H. Carey Jeremiah Nathaniel Greenland Troy Ardon Thomas J. Casadevall Dan Grenard Joe Alan Artz Stephan Mark Castle Kliti Grice Bernard Appiah Asare Tiffany Caudle William Francis Gunderson Glen W. Atwood James Cearley III Qinghai Guo Brittany Austin Joel Chacon Frank Hagar Gerry Austin Lisa B. Chaddock Erik R. Hankin Kamlesh Awatramani Korey Byron Champe Spencer J. Harris Ogochukwu Azike Indrajeet Chaubey Matthew Harrison Norman Richard Bailie Yong Chen Takashi Hasegawa Lawrence E. Band Jennifer T. Cholnoky Robert M. Hatch Yvonne Barbee Christina Lynn Clark Peter John Havord Thomas E. Barchyn Donald Michael Cobb Robert M. Hazen Jessica L. Barone Peter C. Cooper Eric Hedblom Kenneth T. Barrow Sarah Martha Cooper Casey James Helfrich Attila Bartha William Corbin Jacob T. Henry Hazel A. Barton William Maclin Cowan Judith R. Hepburn Margaret Benoit Brooke Crowley Stephen D. Heron III Hermann Bermudez Mariah Cushing Alan T. Herring Fiona Claire Best Jayesh P. Das Cheryl R. Hiatt Kathakali Bhattacharyya Jenny Marie Dauer Catherine Regina Hill Joseph A. Biaglow Jerry D. Davis Levi James Hime Thomas S. Bianchi Joseph Davis Thomas E. Hoak Jens Thomas Birkholzer Jeff B. de Graffenried Scott J. Hogrefe Tabitha Bittinger Rachel Ann Dearden Jennifer Ellen Horner Brian S. Blais Nicholas D. Deardorff Franklin G. Horowitz Kelly Blake Michael J. DeFrisco Koichi Hoyanagi Beth Boddiger Robert K. Denton Jr. Sarah J. Hunt | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ Richard Bolen Daniel Dickerson Rory Hunter y Jacquelyn Renee Bolman Noah Diffenbaugh Tracy Imperato Clint Aaroen Boyd Philip Difilippo Michael Keith Irving Oscar Paulo Gross Braun James M. Dohm Rhonda Lindsey Jacobs a Tod GSA Christopher Michael Breeding Donglin Dong Jason R. Janke 29 Paula Jefferis-Nilsen Hitoshi Matsubara David Porinchu Rebecca Smith Maul Wayne Eric Jepson James Maxwell Durga D. Poudel Andrew Smye Dayong Jiang Glenn Michael May Timothy Dodd Powell M. Claire W. Snavely Edward Jonas John J. McArdle Sara E. Pratt Linda K. Soar Karin Jones-Moore Lewis Peter McCaffrey Georgina A. Price Muhammad Ali Solangi James Aron Juip Mark McCaffrey Corine Prieto Christopher Speedy Uwe Richard Kackstaetter Louis M. McDonald Heather D. Provost Adrian D. Stanca Jessica M. Kandal David McGee Greg Pucilowski Joel Stevens Asko A. Käpyaho Tim McKinsey Michael E. Purucker John F. Stolz Necati Karakaya Chris McLindon Martin Elliott Purvins Jennifer Leigh Stone-Sundberg Douglas B. Kent Maria E. McNamara John Michael Pyles Vlad Jean Strimbu Amit Kesarwani Luca Menegon Laura Rainey James Andrews Sturm Shokofeh Khadivi Donboli Kai Meng Paul Ramaekers Ricky Sturm Martyne J. Kieling José Francisco Mescua Marcelo Omar Ramirez D.S. Subrahmanyam James Kirkpatrick Paula Messina Monica Ramirez Enid J. Sullivan Scott Kirst Scott Charles Mest Asha P. Rao James Edward Swierc Jerrold M. Klatt Bridget T. Miller Bonnie Jane Ratkiewicz Shana Swirin Christian Klug Jennifer Kay Miller John T. Ray Renee Szostek Sunil Kumar Kondeti Charles V.H. Mims Edward Reboulet Atieh Tajik Katrina Skube Korman J. Toby Minear Ragi Mallikarjuna Reddy Michael Takaichi Steven J. Kostka Steffen Mischke Sadhi Srinivas Reddy Laura K. Tapp Gillian Krezoski Karl Leon Mitchell Glyn Trevor Reece Sarah Jane Taylor David C. Kuentz Geoffroy Mohn Nathan Dale Renfro Joya Tetreault Jonathan Kuntz Jacob Mohrmann Lois A. Ricciardi Erik Anthony Thomasser Li-jung Kuo Jennifer Moore Sylvain Richoz Todd Alan Thompson Yochanan Kushnir Millard Frank Morgan III Robert Riding William James Titus Tyler Cantrell Landers Kazuyoshi Moriya Keith John Robertson Tetsu K. Tokunaga Stephen Earl Laney Aisha Renee Morris Dianne Quigley Robinson Rocky E. Torgrimson Jay Leaver Shaun Morrison Ginger AE Rogers Stephen G. Torres Young Soo Lee Matthew Timothy Scot Allan Russell Fabio Tosti Kevin Leecaster Mossbrucker Seyed M. Salehi Alfonsina Tripaldi Naoma Kay Leonard Barry Muller Emad Abdulrahman Salih Aradhna Tripati Rudy Lerosey-Aubril Luminita Muresan Johanna Salminen Claudia Sayão Valladares Hong Li Fergal Murphy Timothy Salter Thijs R.A. Vandenbroucke Ke Yi Li Joseph David Murphy Ann Sam Thomas Vangkilde-Pedersen Kristina Lilova Lyndon K. Murray Scott Sampson Pieter Vermeesch Jonathan M. Lincoln Jennifer Musilek Jesus Betancourt Sanchez Kent Aaron Vollmer Katie Lister Anthony David Myers Ori Sartono Matthew von der Ahe Chenglin Liu David L. Naftz Joseph M. Sassaman Albrecht Von quadt James Whyte Livingstone Amanda Nahm Daniela Sauer Koji Wakita Matthew J. Lock Steve Siu Hin Ng Irene Schimmelpfennig Scott D. Warner John A. Lough Adeniyi Adeyemi Olowojebutu Carolyn M. Schroeder Clare J. Warren Kristin A. Ludwig Daniel J. Olson Jacek Scibek Kathryn E. Watts John L. Lufkin Dani Or Bryan Sell Jie Wei William E. Lum II Amalie Jo Orme Jung Hun Seo Al Werner Claire Lundeby Jessica Leigh Oster Barbara Seuss BJ White Jr. Rebecca Lunn Andrew Overholt Kathy A. Shade David M. White Sarah Augusta Maccracken Ilona C. Pall Nycole Sharma Christopher P. Williams Hirokazu Maekawa Puneeta Pandey Laura Saylor Sherman David Richard Williams Craig Magee Jeremy William Paris Sarah C. Sherwood John Warren Williams Marie Ann Maher Des Patterson Imadadullah Siddiqui Sandra Wiseman ry 2014

a Keith I. Mahon J. Taylor Perron Patrick Coleman Siglin Erica Wood

nu F. Steve Petersen a Michael James Malaska Paula M. Sime Thomas A. Woolman Vladimir Malkovets Jack Gordon Peterson John Walton Simmons Albert William Workman y | J

a Sundar Raj Mani Joseph Michael Petsche Kamini Singha Hongwu Xu Arabella Marks Bryce Pfeifle Jeyakeeshan Sivarajah Zhiqin Xu James R. Marlatt Roger Pielke Jr. Tarek Slama Aaron Yair GSA Tod Michael Marshall Aaron Pietruszka Marilyn Smith Soh-joung Yoon Jill Ann-Gudding Martin T. Craig Poole Michael J. Smith Ka Chun Yu 30 Kendra L. Zamzow Kim Victoria Fendrich Peter Jeroen Mast Nickolas Jordan Adamowicz Massimiliano Zattin Christopher M. Fisher Colleen McConvill Kaitlin Amanda Adams Joseph P. Zebrowski Drew Lowell Foraker Christyna Nadia McCormick Zach Adams Dominique L. Zellmer Christina Louise Frattali Christopher M. Mudge Tyler Adelstein Edward D. Zisman Colin James Frye James Muller Oluwasegun Okunlola Adeniyi Carlos Uriel García Jake A. Murphrey Ayca Agar Cetin RECENT GRADUATES Kevin Roland Garrett Robert Thomas Murray Iftikhar Ahmad Anthony Francis Aluise Johanna Marie Gemperline Harpreet Narang Muhammad Ahmad Ridzuan Gregory James Andersen James Thomas Gleason Nicholas Nelson Omar Ahmed Andrew Thomas Anderson Sara M. Gonzalez Kayla Elizabeth Nussbaum Caitlin Ahrens Bhavna Arora Nathan Alexander Grady Jonathan Patrick O’Connell Cheyne L. Aiken Mazie Ashe Michelle Graff Nicole Renae Oester Jessica Ainslie Valerie A. Austin Chad T. Gregory Garrett Montana Owen Rawlings Akondi Nkerh Michelle Louise Bagnasco Jessica Gregory Louis N. Pappas Christian Bennett Alexander Mac Baker Joshua Groth Samantha Pascarelli Ellen Alexander Renee V. Barker Daniel Nacey Habecker Chirag Patel Ibrahim Ali Alkhardawi Michael David Barthelmes Jennifer M. Hall Nenette Paulson Chrissy Allen Elias Bayeh Christopher Halter Daniel Alfred Payne Hannah Allen Susan K. Birnbaum Justine Hart Thomas Peterson Isaac Allred Trevor Anton Lewis Birt Krystal Michelle Heibel Jason Pillai John M. Almand Katherine C. Bolles Christopher Kenneth Hendrix Mattia Pistone Katelyn Almeter Adam M. Booth Audrey Marie Hernando David Thomas Reddick Abdullah Ayed Alotaibi William P. Brady Dimitris Alexander Herrera Cordell C. Renner Eric L. Alpine Lauren Brennan Hillary Sydney Hover Molly Ann Reynolds Zahra M. Alsafwani Melissa Brite Joe S. Hughes Alyssa Rhoden Ohood Bader Alsalem Humberto Brito Evan Hyde Alex James Rich Ghassan Alsulaimani Joshua Michael Brown Nicholas Friedrich Icks Meridith Richmond Zachary D. Altman Arianna Bucci Peter Ilhardt Maximilian Ringwald James Anthony Amato Angela Bulla Sarah Jean Ivory Zachary Rivers Clinton Forrest Anderson Ryan J. Cabral Elise Jakoby Michael Robbins Lee Anderson Celestino Castillo III Kiel Ryan Jenkin Jacob Leo Rosenthal Stephen Daniel Anderson Katie Ann Cavell Erin Lynn Jensen Maxwell Rudolph Anna Sofia Andeskie Natalia Chavez Johnny Jewell Jaakko Sakari Salonen Matthew Andresen Angus Rohan Chen Alyson Caroline Joos Mary Alexandra Samolczyk Jeremy Andrews Mark Tilman Childre Alexander David Kegley Akram Shahhosseini Lucy Andrews Alan C. Cobb Kaytan Kelkar Lauren Sipich Kaitlan Winnetka Angel Graham Davic Colegrove John Trusal Kemper Jeremy Snailer Ryan Angel Ashley David Colin Bernal Esther Gallant Kennedy Amy Leigh Steimke Zach Ansley Maria Collins Mallory Janet Kinczyk Aviel Stern Brianne Apolinar Michele Maria Conrad Francesca Elizabeth King Misty Michele Stroud Nathan Appleton Indalina Contreras Alicia Kinoshita Michael Sullivan Daniel M. Applin Christopher Paul Costa Megan Christine Kjelland Rachel Marie Thornton Amanda Denise Aragon Richard W.J. Dams Adam Wayne Knudson Dane Tikunoff Carlos Arciniegas Amberlee Patrice Darold Evan M. Krekeler Daniel Roberto Valencia Lisabeth Nicole Arellano Robert Davis Kylie Marie Larson-Robl Jesse K. Vavrek Marcela Aristizabal Colin Frederick De Bruhl Adam M. Laurie Sarah Verghese Bryan J. Armajo Ryan Dewey Kong Chek Lee Andrew Wantland Hannah Rose Armendarez Rebecca Dozier Thomas Unsok Lee Mia Rebecca Wapner Bradley Keith Arnett Christi Noelle Drawhorn Kelley Liao Holly Marshell Wilson Meredith P. Arnold Elizabeth J. Ducey Collin Reynolds Littlefield Alexander Gavin Wood Felipe Aron Garrett Page Duncan Maria del Pilar Escobar Lopez Deacon Paul Aspinwall Bryan M. Dwyer Ricardo Lopez-Maldonado STUDENTS Emily Atkinson Blake Eatherton Amy Luther Lavontria Miché Aaron Lauren Austin Guilford Graham Ellsworth Eric Zeke Madden Charles Joseph Abolt Zach Avi | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ Kyle Emberg Matthew C. Magee Stewart M. Abrams Jennifer Axler y Nicholas Engdahl Benjamin Manning Royce Weylin Abshire Ayowale Emmanuel Ayodele Max Z. Ephraim Maxime Mareschal Mathew Phillip Accardo Benjamin Azar Lauren Brett Farnsworth Connor Marr Gina Marie Accorsi Marcelo Erdens Azevedo a Tod GSA Anna Farrell Steven Masschelin Sheridan Elise Ackiss Phoebe Azucena 31 Rakiya Babamaaji Molly Ann Blakowski Candace M. Bunch Adegoke Badejo John Tyler Blank Kathleen Bundy Christian W. Baird III Richard Robert Blonn Melissa K. Bunte Aldrumesia Baker Matthew D. Blower Kyle Burden Jonas Brandon Ball Denise M. Bluhm Paula Madeline Burgi Steffen Michael Ball Brandon J. Bobal Theodore Burlick Alexa Ballard Maryanne Bobbitt James Burnham Sarah Anne Barker Grace Bodewitz Megan E. Burson Elias Barkey Ashlynn Rose Boedecker Yuval Burstyn Emily Barnett Madison LaChance Boehm Beverly J. Burtenshaw Andrew Kenji Barnhart Harris Russell Boekenheide Amy M. Burzynski Angelica Yuridia Barrera Alex Hamil Boggess Chelsea Elizabeth Bush Taylor Walls Barrett Anthony Joseph Bollasina Spencer David Buteyn Edward Allen Barrie Bridget Borce David Butler Howard Patrick Barry Max Bordal John Quentin Byers Samuel Russell Bartish Sebastian Botas Natalia Bykova Courtney L. Bartlett Ilias Bouaamlat Jack Cadigan Hanna Claire Bartram Frank Garrett Boudinot Matthew David Cahalan Shovon Barua Matthew Robert Boudreau Ryan C. Cahalan Audra Elizabeth Basal Kim C. Bourgouin Gabriele Calzolari Kherlen Batbayar Emily Kathleen Bowles Lauren M. Camfield Cameron Batchelor Nicholas George Bowman Benjamin P. Campanaro Charlene Batchelor James T. Boyle Aaron Campbell Eric James Baumann Jr. Patrick Ryan Boyle Siobhan Campbell Dinaleigh S. Baxter Jennifer Leigh Bradham Jaime Campo Bayanmunkh Bayarjargal Ashley Brady Andrew Canada Lakin Beal Jill Branby Kevin M. Cannon Cara Nicole Beasley Brianna Brannan Erick Jason Cano Hannah Beauchesne Charlotte Anne Brassey Ivan A. Cantu Jacob Daniel Beckham Habib H. Bravo-Ruiz Ying Cao Eric S. Beebe Ryan Gerard Brembs Yumeng Cao Eugenia Claire Behar Quaid Brenniman Steven C. Carey Nicholas Bel Melissa Carrie Brett Melissa Aileen Carley Chris Beliveau Monica Devi Bridgelall Joseph Andrew Carlin Eric Bellefroid Scarlett Ramsey Brimingham Alyssa Carlisle Elvis Chekwube Bello Emilia Bristow Ian Carlisle Sylvana Bendana Alex Brittingham Brandee Nicole Carlson Vivianna Martinez Bendixson Elinor Broadman Mary Jane Carmichael Matthew B. Benecki John Paul Brodt Jennifer Lou Carnes Crystal Anne Bennett Henri-Paul Bronsard Reece Kelly Carpenter Dan S. Bentley Sam Brooke Catherine Alice Carr John Michael Bentz Sharon Brooke Matthew S. Carson Paul Richard Beré Caroline K. Brooks Fabiola Maria Cartagena Lindsay R. Bergquist Fawn Brooks Clint Jordan Caruso Ashley Paige Berkow Kevin M. Brooks Heather Lee Casares Joseph Bernarducci Hanna Rose Brourman Artena Faye Casarez Ryan A. Berry Carolyn Ann Brown Christopher Francis Cassone Clea Bertholet Jason Brown Ariane Castagner Elisabeth Bertolett Mark Joshua Brown Jonathan A. Castellano Michelle Mae Berube Joshua Wayne Brownlow Allen N. Castillo James Biemiller Kyle Robert Brudvik Chris Mark Castillo ry 2014

a Joshua Patrick Bilskemper Jacob C. Bruihler Geno Castillo

nu Heinz Binder a Brianna Lynn Buchanan Gentry Ann Catlett Stacy James Bjerk Schaefer Buchanan Sofia Caylor y | J

a Erin McLeod Black Sean David Buchanan Magda Celejewski Joshua Michael Blackstock Sarah Budd Yeliz Cengelcik Brian Blakely Ellen K. Buelow Lluvia Cervantes GSA Tod Sarah Michelle VanderMeer Brandy Buford Meeta Victoria Cesler Blakely Rachael Jane Bullock Lucas Paul Chabela 32 Carissa Lacy Chambers Phil L. Cowan Samantha Dold Jordan Paul Faltys Shelby Renee Chandler Joshua Cox Jessica Rose Domino Oyebode Famubode Rudra Chatterjee Cyn Coyle Kevin G. Donaldson Yihang Fang Justin Chauvin Mishella Joy Craddock Sijia Dong Sarah Fanning Arriana Chavez Alex Michael Craig Ian Donovan Abotalib Zaki abotalib Farag Darren Cheah Taylor Douglas Craig Michael T. Dorsey Jr. Isaiah Farley Michael John Cheeseman Daniel James Crawford Murphy H. Doughty Karla R. Farley Jianbo Chen Edward Eve Crawford III Jacob Dove Corinne Fay Lin Chen Isaac Crenshaw Naila Dowla Isabel Fay Wei Chen Alexis A. Crisp Logan Brenton Downs Michael James Feil Yanying Chen Danielle Crisp Thomas Francis Doyle Anne Margaret Fendick Tanvi Dhiren Chheda Nicole Crocker William A. Drago IV Margot Ferencz Brian Chi Amanda Dien Cross David Edward Draper Colin Mikael Ferguson Stephen Chignell Evan Stuart Crowe Raphael Dreier Sarah Lynn Ferguson Heather V. Christensen Alana Crown Debbie J. Drennan Vanessa Fernandes Joe Christensen Jesse R. Cruz Justin Barclay Rogers Sandra Fernando Tiffani Chu Patrick James Cullen Drummond Adrian Ferrar Angela Chung Ed Cunningham Adrienne M. Duarte Robert Fess Christopher E. Churches Samantha Cunningham Scott Douglas Ducar Jon Jay Fields Jr. Danielle Jenna Cicero Savahnna L. Cunningham Patrick Duff Reynaldy Fifariz Julia Cisneros Mercedes L. Dahler Shamus Duff David M. Fink Christopher A. Claes George Dalgleish Brenda K. Dulak Kyle William Finlay Brent Cland Rodney B. Dalton Caroline Duncan Alex R. Fiore Faye Victoria Clark Jessica Davey Sean Brian Dundas Emily First Micah Noah Claypoole Lindsey Reneé Davis Nicolle Dupuis Rebecca A. Fischer Daniel Martin Cleary Sierra M. Davis Allison Leigh Durkee Sarah Elizabeth Fischer Annaka Mary Clement Michael Davlantes Hannah M. Durkee Sean Fischer Brendan Evan Clement Jennifer L. Dawson William McPherson Durrett Jr. Bridget June Fisher Eric Clementelli Travis C. Dawson Zachary Dutra Elizabeth Fisher Michael J. Clifford Christine Dayton Camille Honoré Dwyer William Fisher IV Emily Jordan Cline Nathan de la Cruz James Matthew Dye Lauren Fissel Anna Elizabeth Clinger Marie de los Santos Matthew Dewayne Dye Peter Lee Flaming Jr. Ellen Michelle Clippard Levi Jason de Martinez Jordan David Dyer Monte Alain Fleming Karly Clippinger Zachariah Arthur Debacker Michael Ray Dykstra Zachariah Fleming Paul Coar Stephen J. Dechon Ewa A. Dzik Ashton Flinders Lindsay Lane Cobb Nicholas Burns Decker Garrett S. Eastep Natalie Flinn Ruthanne Elise Coffey Delphine Defforey Daisy Edel Elise M. Flores Alison Ann Cole Lauren L. Degennaro Paul V. Edinger Victor Eduardo Flores James M. Coll Ellen Lacey Dellard Mohammad Eisa Alyssa Flotron Devin Colley Cansu Demirel Josh Ekhoff Michele Fondriest Dylan R. Collins Laura Michelle DeMott Kayla Elahian Nicole Fontanella Yamilette M. Colon Eli Jacob DenBesten Stephen Matthew Elardo Andrew Thomas Foreman John William Condsidine Gaela Sarah John Tyler Elorriaga Michael Jacob Forsey Cole Conger Dennison-Leonard Mohamed El-waraky Sophie Lee Foster Maricate Conlon Keegan Lane DePriest Justin Elwonger Abigail Foust Andrew Connolly Felix Desperrier Christopher Alan Engberg Owen Michael Fowler Evelyn Ivonne Conrado Leigh H. Deuter Eric N. Engel Edward Heald Fox II Mary Elizabeth Conroy Stephanie H. Diaz Kimberly Therese Engels Jared Michael Fox Chris Edward Conway Sofia Dibari Chris Enright Michael Edward Fox Maura Colleen Conway Nathan W. Dickey Jae Erickson Jacob Frahm Asia L. Cook Joseph Othmar Dierkhising Ovie Emmanuel Eruteya Crystal Fraley Joseph Reid Coons Adam Jaeger Difrisco Yesenia Espino Skylar Francis Sean Mitchell Coppola Maristella Di Primio Ama Essuman Spencer M. Francisco Melinda Corbin Tyler Kurt Dix Abigail Miller Eurich Joseph Frank | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ Eliana Cordoba Andrea Dixon Clark Evans Kelsey M. Franko y Julian Correa Emily Dixon Nadine Evans Phil A. Frederick Jr. Jordan Lee Cottingham Daniel William Doan II Jaivime Evaristo Sarah Elizabeth Frederick Hannah Couch Sean Peter Dobson Taylor A. Ewald Jaimeson Grigaitis Fredericks a Tod GSA Justin G. Coughlin Travis M. Dodson Kristoffer Falcones Shelby Marie Fredrickson 33 Paul Freedman Jessica D. Gordon Michael Harrison Brandon K. Brody Price Friesenhahn Kelly L. Gorz Janet Hart Holzbauer-Schweitzer Tyler Olsen Fritz Adam R. Gottschalk Caitlin Hartig Jennifer Lee Hood Wanlu Fu Autumn Gould Holly E. Havel Mats Hope Abby K. Fullem Jackson Graham Joseph Hawkins Heath Hopson Ethan Fulwood Kathryn Faye Grant Robert Rexford Hawkins Kaleb A. Horlick Emily Eggleston Gaddis Jackea S. Gray Amelia M. Hayes Audrey Horne Maxwell Blaine Gade Katelyn Elise Gray Zachary Haygood Elizabeth A. Horne Norbert A. Gajos Webster Gray Scott M. Healy Robert J. Horner Amy Galanter Allison Greaney Cole I. Heap Somayeh Hosseininejad Connor J. Gallagher Austin Tyler Green Matthew Heath-Clarke Forrest Lee Howard Stephanie M. Gallegos Johnny Herman Green Chad Hebert Julia Howe Elizabeth Marie Gallo Jonathan Greenawalt Jake Heil Rachel Erin Howe Stephanie L. Gallo Philip Greene Erin Nicole Heimburge Brett Andrew Howell Christine Gamble Andrea Xamplas Greer Annette Hein Tanner Howitz Alexander D’Marco Garcia Jade Candice Greve Sara Heine Zachary Harwood Hoylman Emily Irene Garcia Denisha C. Griffey Mindi L. Heintz Heng Hu Isamar Garcia Marianne Allyson Grillo Leslie L. Hellebuyck Rixiang Huang Sade Garcia Jason Gross Jacob Thomas Helsley Hannah Hubert Chadrick Levi Gardner Matt Grotte Nevin Michael Henderson Thomas Michael Huberty Kasey Garrand Danielle Gruen Xai Her Thomas Joseph Huckin Jr. Rhiannon M. Garrard Juan Carlos Guerrero Chelse Herbold Gregory J. Hufford Nicole D. Garrett James Guilinger Elysse Nicole Hernandez David B. Huggins Bertrand Gaschot Mark Philip Guilliams Jacob Hernandez Jacob Hughes Daniel Gaskell Moussa Guira Álvaro Felipe Hernández Thomas Harland Hundley Lisa Gaston Jasleen Kaur Gujral Eider Hernandez Bilbao Rachel Marie Hunt William James Gaumitz Oguzhan Gumruk Karen Grace Herrig Harris M. Hunter Scott Gavin Ryan Jeffrey Gunder Susan E. Hertfelder Brittany Nicole Hupp Parastoo Gaznavi Hakan Gungor Douglas Hessler Kathleen Huybers Ioulia A. Georgiado Jr. Cathina Leann Gunn de Rosas Chelsi M. Hewitt Juana Ibáñez Elizabeth Lynn Gergurich Sarah Lynn Gunnell Luan J. Heywood Daniel Enrique Ibarra Bobbi Jo Gibbons Kate L. Gunzelman Jocelyn Lorene Hicks Rachel Renee Ibers James W. Gibson Alan Gustafson Matthew Hiebing Selicity A. Icefire Sherika Danyelle Gibson Kyle Gustafson Austin James Hilbun Emma S. Idol William Blake Gibson Molly Gutelius Benjamin Thomas Hildebrant Nayani Thanuja Ilangakoon Vicky Lynn Giese Dusty Ann Gutierrez Danika N. Hill K.P. Indulekha Dominique Giesler Ethan Guyant Kristyn Hill Waseem Iqbal IV Joshua Ryan Gillmore Mallory R. Haas Stephen M. Hilliard Jr. Joshua Irvine Amy K. Gilmer Alexander J. Haberfield Christine Ann Hiner Duygu Isbil Michelle Gilmore Jason Daniel Hafliger Benjamin Davis Hinks Brandon T. Ives Stephen Ginley Graham Adrian Hagen-Peter Jase Leland Hixson Joshua Travis-Ruben Ivie Anthony Joseph Giuffre Gordon Marsh Haight III Dimitri Hiyood Allie A. Jackson Tanya Given Hameed Samir Hakimi Kathryn Kiku Hobart Carren Leigh Jackson Emilyn Jane Gjertsen James Paul Haklar Marta Danielle Hodan Naiema Nicole Jackson Erik Gjesfjeld Tracy Leight Haley Joshua Brian Hodge Tracie Jackson Jacob Glasbrenner Duncan James Hall John Benjamin Hodges Samantha Jacob Margaret Elizabeth Glasgow Tricia Lynn Hall Cheryl A. Hodgson Cheyanne Jacobs Sam Glasscock Christian Haller Justin William Hodgson Peter Hedges Jacobs Emma Bond Gleeman Marc Halling II Claire L. Hoffman Joshua Jacobson Abner Godoy Nick Connor Hamden Adam Peter Hoffmann James Jacoshenk Hannah Yvette Godwin Benjamin David Hamill Alexandra Hoisington Chelsea Jaeger ry 2014

a Melissa M. Goldade John M. Hamilton Rachel Elaine Hojnacki Nicholas Joseph Jaquez

nu Teresa Hanna a Michelle Elizabeth Goldberg Charles Edward Holada Katarena Adriana Jarrell Angelique Gonzales Mark Hansford Bert Hold Dawn A. Jarrels y | J

a Belem Gonzalez Hailey Marie Harden Lewis G. Holland III Mahonri C. Jaussi Rosa Lilia Gonzalez Emily Anne Harper Lauren N. Hollins M. Chris Jenkins Claudio Gonzalez-Solis Winnie Ramona Harrell Jessica August Holm William Taliaferro Jenkins GSA Tod Joyce Goode Catherine E. Harris Chris Daniel Holt Jeffrey Jennings Marissa Goodman Heather M. Harris Ashleigh Megan Jernigan 34 Clayton Thomas Jernigan Brittany Kirch Oliver Alexander Lawrence Lucy Low Rafael Jimenez Kory L. Kirchner Breagh Lebert Rowan Lowden Patricia Johnigan Andree Moss Kirsch Michael Ledbetter David G. Lowe Aleisha Christine Johnson Zachary D. Kisfalusi Matthew Daniel Ledvina Christopher Dale Loyacano Cassandra L. Johnson Alex T. Klink Christopher Lee Ryan G. Lucas Daniel Johnson Scott Thomas Klopfenstein Jeong-hyun Lee Kimberly R. Lucke Elizabeth Allen Johnson Nicole Knight Kern Young Lee Maxine Elinor Luckett Hannah Johnson Deon Hanley Knights Carey Legett IV Morgan Luckey Jessie Johnson April R. Knox Dylan Marcus Legler Katherine Lundy Kaitlin Marie Johnson Emily Mae Knutsen Lucy Lehman Janietta D. Lusk Kit W. Johnson Maxwell Montgomery Koenig Natalie R. Leibovitz Chelsea Lynch Kyle Johnson Rachel Kohler Alexander Hatch Leich Kennda Lynch Lauren M. Johnson Heather Marie Kolberg Sasha Leidman Rachelle L. Lyons John Kiley Jones Rachel Lynn Kolenko April Leistikow Kari D. Lytle Lewis Jones Heather R. Kortuem Isaiah Lemmon Gracewell Mcebisi Mabhena Ryan Price Jones David Kowal Awad Abdussalam Lemnifi Douglas Robert MacLeod Shelby A. Jones Daniel Kowalski Lucas Michael Lenhert Markus Rudi MacNamara Shane R. Jones Kostka Robert Kowalsky Quin A. Lenz Christopher James Jody T. Jordan John Krassikoff Jr. Geoffrey A. Lerner Macpherson Rodrigo H. Jordy Teresa Krause Eric Aidan Letham Shaun Mahmood Na-hyun Jung Alexander Krawchuk Lauren Arlene Leudemann Helen Fitzgerald Malenda Katie Marie Junghans Lucie G. Krewcun Kyle A. Lewis Margariete GeorgeAlan Stewart Kabis Jorian Krob Paul Lewis Malenda Haley Kachmarik Hunter Krueger York W. Lewis Bethany Anne Malenick Fritz Kalakay Maria Krug Chunhui Li Nicole Malerba Ryan Kammer Felicia J. Kruger Wo-Man Li Manoj Kumar Malhi Hari Kandel Alexandre Krushnisky Jennifer J. Light Matthew W. Malinovsky Stephanie Ann Kangas Kathleen Kuepper Himal Limbu John Paul Malizia Murtaza Mustafa Kapasi Scott Anthony Kugel Peipei Lin Sammy Vesal Mallow Joachim Alexandre Katchinoff Kiefer Kuhn Aria Linares Joseph Maloney Andrew B. Katumwehe Charuta J. Kulkarni Maxwell Lindaman Alexandra Julia Malouta Malcolm Katzenbach Harshad Vijay Kulkarni Justin R. Lindeman Prabal Manandhar Kayleigh Corry Kavanagh Forrest G. Kunkel Thomas J. Liner Rejith R. Manavazhi Carsonna Kay-Gaines Brody John Kunz Katherine Lininger Cameron Manche Bryn W. Keenhold Brianna Kwasny Benjamin James Link Jusin Mandeville Grace E. Keesling Angela Kwon Cesar A. Lira David Howard Mangold Tara L. Kelloway Eint Myat Kyi Guy F. Litt Leroy Manivong Colter Joseph Kelly Patrick Thomas Labadie Baoli Liu Ryan Mann Joshua Kelly Gregory Dean Lacke Minglu Liu Raymond Lucas Marchese Kyleen E. Kelly Jeffrey Ladderud Weihan Liu Michael Francis Maresch Sara Ann Kelly Cory Evan Lader Zuolin Liu Jesus Marinelarena Brady B. Kent Samuel William Lagor Jason Michael Lively Tom Marker Alexander Kerman Sean Richard LaHusen Gregry B. Livingston Nicolas Michael Marquez Ruhollah Keshvardoost Amanda C. Laib Tasha Lo Michael G. Mars Will Daniel Ketcheside Rachel Marie Laker Kayla Anne Lockmiller Samuel Quain Martin Amanda Ketting-Olivier Geoffrey T. Lalk Shane M. Loeffler Taylor K. Martin Pankaj Khanna Paula C. Lancaster Howard L. Loftis Tyler David Martin Genevieve C. Kidman Heidi Landis Leslie Logan Ana Maria Martinez Timothy Kiesel Mduduzi B. Langwenya Sarah Katherine Logan Camila Martinez Heather Deatrice Kilgore Warangkana Larbkich Pia Constanza Lois Sr. Sarah Rebecca Martinez Megan E. Killeen Benjamin Scott LaRiviere Christy M. Long Kelsey Anne Mason Allison Kimbrough Tracey LaRocco Jedidiah C. Long Megan Elyse Masterson Daniel R. King Ahmad Lashkari Karen Lopes Douglas J. Mateas Hannah King Kimberly Lau Rachel Anne Lopez Matthew William Matko | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ John King Christopher Wayne Laviolette Cecilia Lopez-Gamundi Shelby Matsuoka y Kathleen Suzanne Kingry Joshuah David Law Danielle M. Lord Cindy E. Mauro Cole G. Kingsbury Matthew T. Lawhorn Molly Lord Brett Mayhew a Tod GSA Kayla A. Kinkead Connor David Lawrence Peter Ellis Loree Micah V. Mayle Michael Kipp Jr. Kaylee M. Lawrence Kristen Lorenz Janel Alexandra Mayo 35 Zachary Maza Benjamin E. Mittler Melissa Kristin Ng Colin Penn Kristen Suzanne McCadams Jason D. Mizer Dalin Luu Giang Truong Andrew Richard Perrine Louise Alice Mccann Sahar M. Dehcheshmehi Nguyen Philip Max Persson Katherine McComas Nnamdi Lionel Mojekwu Diem Nguyen Emily Anastasia Pesek Benjamin D. McCracken Timothy Hans Molitor Luan C. Nguyen Kristy Anne Peterson Jennifer McDaniel Miriam Moller Elizabeth Marie Niespolo Lillian Gabrielle Petty Mark Tanner McDaniel Dhiman Ranjan Mondal Cameron Nikmard Michelle L. Pewitt Shauna McDonald Evan Monroe Clint Noack Georgy V. Peychev Kelsey McGee Christopher M. Mooney Max Norman Anna Pfohl Devin Ross McGinty Daniel Silas Moore Monica Kelly Norton Athena Phan Scott Douglas McGlashing Lauren Moore Brock S. Norwood Garrett James Phillips Marcella M. McKay Matthew J. Moore Dave C. Nuhn Madhujya Phukan Josh McKeon Mccain Moore Ernest H. Nunez Jr. Sarah Pick Allison Mckeown Brianna Morales Ebenezer Wilberforce Oakley Laura Gabrielle Pickett Andrew Harrison McLarty Jamie Moran Alison Ann O’Connor Jon Paul Pierre Theodore James McLean Priyanka Ramesh More Jamie O’Daniel Aline Pieterse Timothy Mclure Dylan James Moreau Natalie Odegaarden Angela Piller Matthew McMahon Nick Moreno Sean O’Donnell Nathan Pindell Zachary Michael McMahon B. Chance Morgan Gilead F. Ofuya Luis Alberto Pizano Kyle A. McMearty Tyler T. Morgan Olanrewaju Ogunsola Kojo Plange Patrick Mcnamara Randall Morlan Brandon Jerrod Okafor Kari Pohl Joy Karylne McNeill Austin Morrell Ijeamaka Jennifer Okechukwu Crystal Pomerleau Kaitlyn Mcpherran Madison Ashley Morris Eric Nicholas Oldale Mark Poole Jr. Kyle Alfred McQuiggan Corey Bryant Morse David Oliver Christopher Alan Pope Nathaniel John McWaters Md Niaz Morshed Elizabeth Olree Katherine A. Popyack Ellen Mears Kaitlyn Morvan Elizabeth Dalton Olson Andrew L. Port Kirsti Pier Rogers Medig Debra A. Moseley Erik Olson Nishalia Porter Gina Marie Medley Benjamin T. Moss Timothy S. Olson Rachel Powers Jennifer B. Meidinger Akram Mostafanejad Lucas Olvera Aris Pramudito Evan Randolph Meinzer Seyed hani Motavallianbaran Paul William O’Malley Sarah Preston Laura Rose Melcher Catherine Mary Mottram Christopher Onderisin Anthony L. Previte Alexa K. Melcon James Dalen Moxley Travis O’Neill Dianna L. Price Matthew Melde Alison E. Moyer Christina Opfer Shaina N. Price Sarah D. Mellies Holden P. Muehleisen Colin Orourke Jay James Priest Ross Menking Crystal Marie Mueller Elias Ortiz Clay William Prins Eder Renato Merino Stephanie D. Mueller Olivia Mae Oseguera Amy Bronwan Pritt Natalie Michelle Merrell James Muirhead Kelly O’Shaughnessy Kelsey Anne Prochazka Joseph Merrill James Thomas Mulgrew Dillon James Osleger Lucia Profeta Reed Benjamin Mershon John Christian Munson Andrea Lynn Oswald Tiffany Ainsley Proffitt Joshua Mark Messenger Brendan Murphey Sarah Overton Junbing Pu Dylan Meyer Ashley Elizabeth Murphy Sarah C. Owen Fabiano Do Nascimento Creighton Webster Meyers Kevin Daniel Murphy Owen Gardner Pace Pupim Michael John Michalek Carrie Murray Christina Marie Palomo Dominic Pyanoe Curt Middleton Matthew Simon Musso Astyka Pamumpuni Evan Frederick Pydych Christian David Milkus Madeline Elizabeth Myers Matthew Leland Baxter Pardee Yu Qian Alice Sarah Millard Allison Myers-Pigg Munjae Park Tony Tri Quach Allison Miller Ryan Lee Nagelkirk Anna Parker Lauren Quas Ashley Christine Miller Jenny Nakai Colleen Parker Kevin Quillan Ashley E. Miller Dipanwita Nandy Herschell Brooks Parker Kawther Al Quraishi Jacquelynn Frances Miller Jone Naujokaityte Nathaniel Parker Kelley Rabjohns Olivia Miller Conor Neal Ryan T. Pasternak Natalie Hope Raia ry 2014

a Ryan Miller Leland Lowell Neeper Milind Patel Alyssa Kathryn Raisis

nu Kirstin Lynn Neff a Mallory R. Millington Sudhir Kumar Pathak Daniel Thomas Ramey Scott P. Milo Demian A. Nelson Kory David Patrick Angeline Nicole Ramirez y | J

a Aric Howard Mine Nicole S. Nembhard Annette Irene Patton Victoria Ramirez-Solis Priscilla Miranda Elizabeth A. Nesbit Brandon Tyler Peach Jason David Rappe Viridis Maria Miranda Lee Edward Newbold Jessie Kathleen Pearl Amy K. Rasmussen GSA Tod Daniel Miserendino Trenton Thomas Newkirk Anine O. Pedersen Christopher John Ray Casey Lee Mitchell Alice Caroline Newman Emily Mae Pendergrass Maxwell Ray 36 Daniel Razavi Akkarapol Sakulraungsri Jeremiah Bristow Reagan III Jose R. Salazar-Verdin Brian Redder Hillarie J. Sales Thiruchelvi Rajagobal Reddy Dandara Ataide Salvador Tina Redlinger Rachel Michelle Samuels Emma Reed Resham Singh Sandhu Shannon Rees Stephanie Sang Mattie Morgan Reid Simran Singh Sangha Alex Reis Paula Santi Malnis Eric J. Reiss Natalia De Andrade Santiago Ian James Renfrew Danielle Santiago Ramos Marisa Nicole Repasch Ryan Armando Santos Allison Rachelle Reynolds Joshua Glenn Sargent James Reynolds Zachary Ryan Saucedo Jennifer Lynn Reynolds Casey Saup Zachary John Rhinelander Kelsey M. Saylor Jessey Rice Monique M. Scales Justin B. Richardson Richard Sie Scarborough Paula D. Richter Keelin Rae Schaffrath Annelise M. Riggins Zachary Schagrin Daniel James Ritter Megan Leigh Schaner Glorianne Marie Rivera Mackenzie Scharenberg Anna Maria Christi Roa Mike Scott Schedel Yosef Robele Maxwell Crow Scherff Daniel Roberts Lincoln Colin Schick Logan Thomas Roberts Corey Schiller Nathan Alan Robey Lea Schiola Melissa Robinson Elisabeth A. Schlaudt Paula Robinson W. Kirk Schleiffarth Nathan Roddy Brooke A. Schlemeyer Carolina del Mar Rodriguez Michael Schmelzel Josue Rodriguez Kimberly Louise Schmid Flover Gregorio Rodríguez Sr. Clayton Schmidt Lizmar Rodríguez Lugo Jenny Lynn Schmidt Allison Roebuck Millicent Schmidt Lauren E. Roeglin William Schmidt Elizabeth Roepke Andrew Richard Scholz Robert Rogers Derek M. Schook Kevin P. Rohde Cody Christian Schulte Robin Rohrback-Schiavone Olivia Ann Schulte Alfredo Rojo Max R. Schultz Adeyemi Roland Eliza K. Schulz Luke Bryan Rome Ethan Porter Schuth Rebecca Rooney Tayler Schweigel Amelia Root Michelle Sclafani Jennifer Elizabeth Roozeboom Dan N. Scott Tori L. Rose Maryann Scroggins Rachel Ann Ross Paul Levader Scruggs Jason Roth Derek Leander Seaney Claire Marie Routledge Matthew Joseph Sebade Zohra Roy William Seelig Claire M. Ruffing Alexander John Seeling Olivia Carmen Ruiz Kirellos John Sefein Abigail Ruksznis Tyler Lee Selves | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ Keegan T. Runnals Francesca Senes y Kate Alexandra Ruoff Firat Sengün Chelsea M. Rush Lily Serach Cameron Ayden Russ Gabriela Serrato Marks a Tod GSA Daniel Rust Allison Severson 37 Caroline Seyler Dayna Marie Spero Matthew Teich Foteini Vasilikou Nikki Marie Seymour Justin Ambrose Sperry Tyrell James Tenpenny Travis Ryan Vaughn Allison L. Shackelton Stephanie Spetka Michal Rachel Terranova Aldwin S. Vazquez Hassan Shah Vishnu Srinivasaraghavan Rachel Leeann Terry Nathan Veale Alexander S. Shahrokhi Zackary Edward St. Clair Jessica Rene Thacker Margaret Anne Veitch Sara I. Shaten Timothy Stadler April Lin Thalken Claudia Janet Velasco Campos Steven J. Shaw Kenneth Stanley Abigail Grace Thayer Brian Velez Gina Shcherbenko Andrew D. Stark Laura Thayer Shruti Venkata Chari Kerry Joseph Lemieux Sheader Michael Andrew Stearns Helen Thomas Olivia Verma Sam Shelafo Bennett J. Steen Patrick Scott Thomas Daniel Aaron Vinson Tim Shelton Douglas P. Steen Adam Thompson Jeremy M. Vinton William Craig Sherwood Jeffrey Tucker Steen Nathaniel James Thompson Lauren Frances Vitko Sarah Shields Jonathan Stelling Rebecca Lin Thompson Allison Vitkus Monica Shihadeh Jacob James Stephenson Marcus James Thomson Sebastian M. Vivancos Corey Shircliff Belinda J. Stevens Candice Thornton Linh Vo Zakiya Celeste Shivji Logan Stevens Max E. Thornton Catherine Vogel Michael Joseph Sholtis Luke David Stevens Michael Thorpe Courtnay Vogel Jessica Marie Shumway Casey Stevenson Jr. Danielle Tiopan Manfred Vogt Shalev Avraham Siman-tov Anna-Marie Stewart Amberly Hope Tobin Justin James Vojak Jeremy Martin Simmons Thor Russell Stewart Tisha R. Tohe Shanna C. Vojtasek Katie Simmons Noah Stewart-Maddox Francesca Luisa Toledo-Cossu Spencer Constantine Adam Simon Arthur Stier Daniel R. Tompkins Vokorokos Maurício Bulhões Simon Trevor Allen Stine Michael Toomey Stefan Alois Vollgger Sharane Simon Ben Stinnett Zachary A. Torrano Jared Thomas Voris Jennifer Leigh Simpson Kimberly Stinnett Denny Mariana Torres Ortiz Brian Matthew Vosburg Erik Singels Symone Stinson Rene Marie Toth Britta Voss Chris R. Siron Briana Kristen Stone Sarah Frances Toups Nanpan Monday Vuruktu Ryan Sisson Brynne Storsved Nancy Toure Adrian Allan Wackett Robert Cameron Skankey Jesse Stovall Nolan T. Townsend Alex C. Wagenblast Alla Skaskevych Christopher E. Stovern Eric Traub Kaleb G. Wagner Amy Elizabeth Skidmore Benjamin Strauss Ryan W. Travis Patrick Ford Wagner Alexandra Skrivanek Derek Lee Street Heath Richard Traywick Samuel Ray Wakefield Jeremy Slaugenwhite Stephen B. Strehl Corey Robert Trull Virginia Teresa Wala Bradley David Slaughter Thomas Ryan Strong Adam Levi Trumbo Brett Halsey Walker Ian Slayton Matthew Struve Daniel Trumbo Matthew Walker Catherine Smith Kaitlyn Elizabeth Sturm Aubrey L. Turman Corben Nicholas Wall Connor Josiah Smith Colin Sturrock Jennie Tutone Nolan Walla Hannah Smith Laura Lynn Sugano Sonja Tyson Jon Wallace Jared Caleb Smith Grace Lorraine Sumption Ashley Uecker Joshua Alexander Wallace Joel Smith Chenguang Sun Vishal Ukey Jesse Bennett Walters Matthew D. Smith James Robert Super Thomas Ulizio Wendell Walters Tracey Dennis Smith Sujitha Suresh Babu Buck Anthony Unsderfer Dongdong Wang Matthew Smolenski Anna Eliza Svartman Dias Atiba Upchurch Qiqi Wang Margaret Z. Smoot Jerlyn L. Swiatlowski Mika Usher Jessica Camille Ward Jonathan Sneed Andrew Swindle Fortune Usoro Kevin Michael Ward David Michael Snyder Teresa Marie Sykes Kara Jayne Vadman Patrick James Warfel Marcus Vinicius Theodoro Adam Szyikowski Tyler Vail Abdul Waris Soares Dylan Tabor Rebecca Anne Valenzuela Nadine Lynne Warneke Alexa Lea Socianu Joseph James Tamborski Brennan Van Alderwerelt Trudy Watkins Anand Soni Robert D. Tand Cory Bruce Van Auken Jeffery A. Watson Paula Mariana Soto Chelsea Tarbell Matthew James Van Grinsven Jaclyn L. Watters ry 2014

a Katrina Lucia Soundy Chelsea Tavormina Kristina L. Vanchick Jesse C. Watts

nu Adam Taylor a Lauren E. Southerland Ryan John Vandeusen Cailleach J. Way Stephanie Souza Alec W. Taylor Michael Vandro Hector Weah y | J

a Dominik Soyk Bridget Taylor Amanda Joy VanHaitsma Eli Webster Daniel F. Spaulding David Walker Taylor Jr. Daan Vanhove Kevin D. Webster Michael Spehlmann Jordan M. Taylor Abby Amelia Vanleuven Nichole Renee Weedman GSA Tod Kody Spencer Kathryn Teague Theresa M. VanNoske Hengye Wei Nathan Spencer Douglas Wayne Tebo Rocio Vargas Renjuan Wei 38 Brandon Jeffery Weihs Yola Wong K Daniel Glaze Becky Haag Wesley Randall Weisberg Patrick James Wood Bonita L. Harris Paul Hueper David Kutai Weiss Sayge Claire Wooldridge Phil Harrison Margaret C. Jacob Bailey Leo Welch Joshua David Work James Eugene Hochstetler Joshua Keith Rachel Kristen Wells Sara Rose Worsham Laurel Huggins Hochstetler Marda Kirn Whitney Welsh Jackie M. Wrage Shelly Hott Lena Kozovski Bin Wen Hannah Wright Jane Kirshenbaum James R. Lauridson Anna K. Wendt Justin Wright Gary C. Kleinknecht Steven Andrew LaValle Amanda Lee Wescott Long Wu Jenessa K. Kuykendall Ellie Lee Christopher Kirk West Davina Allie Wyman Elizabeth C. Laplant Theo G. Lofton Debra West Yanxue Xie Cynthia Lawry Susan Lynds Jeffrey Westrop Clara Xiong Thomas W. Long Sharon A. Messina Ruthie C. Wetzel Zexuan Xu Renata Machado Medeiros Tuyaa D. Montgomery Megan L. Weyand Zhiwei Xu Fátima Aboim Madeira Lin Grey Moore Lisa Marie Whalen Fan Yang Susan K. Maurice Jerry Nagel Patrick Whalen Nan Yang Kevin McMahon Paul Vincent Nolan Amanda Wheat Ze Yang Francis Mark Mikan Philip Charles Oxley Spencer Wheeling Marla K. Yates Dennis Gerard Nichols Grant Pedersen Chelsi White Desawi Yosef Ronald P. Ramsey Mark Penny Elizabeth Marie White Chris Young Daniel E. Reidy Troylene Perry Alex Whitehead Dylan Young George R. Risberg Pamela Powell Shannon Whitehead Holly Young Carole A. Rostash Liz W. Quinn Silas Whitley Jonathan Michael Young Jacqueline T. Scallan Chase D. Ramsey Theresa Whorley Robert Toshiro Young Joyce Schaunaman Elizabeth Seastrum Zach Ma Wiele Dean Youngren Bernadette Scheller Denise Strode Stealey John Arthur Wiesenfeld David Yoxtheimer Chuck Gordon Schepke Lawrence B. Steele III Anna Wieser Hector A. Zamora Teresa Lynn Silveus Pete Sundt Sarah Wigginton Emily Elizabeth Zawacki Jody A. Suprenant Chris Tallackson Kory Wiley Brittany Leola Zedalis David Thomas Thesenga Marisa Tiger Tracy Lynn Wiley Tina Zeidan Elizabeth Ann Tobin Jeanne S. Vanecko Wesley Wilkins Sarah Zeilfelder Carol A. Wander Robert M. Wilcox Adam C. Williams Hannah M. Zellner Anna Weber Sarah G.W. Williams Courtney Williams Salvatore Zerbo III Kathryn V. Williams Mary Ellen Wilson Jason R. Williams Xiaoying Zhang Mary Gray Williams Hartmut H. Wisch Jennifer Marie Williams Zixiang Zhang Rosalind Williams Marc Young Jordan Williams Xin Zhao Carolyn Wood Joshua Williams Alexander Zimmerman Kong You Wu Patricia S. Williams Johannes Zirlewagen Rosie Williams Erich Victor Zorn AFFILIATES Taylor Marsden Williams Zhili Zou Andrew Backus Marci Allison Wills Brian Michael Zuber Edward Bayly Anna Maria Wilson Marie Allison Zuck David Bayus Kathleen Wilson Luisa F. Zuluaga Valencia Thomas Beno Kathryn Wilson Scott Brackney Megan Rose Wiltse K–12 TEACHERS Jonathan Carey Eric Winchell Robert F. Adler Randy Cho Chelsea Elizabeth Windus Colin Ankerson Michael V. Curulla Danae Winkler Nagaraju Arveti Jeffrey D’Addario James Ryan Henry Winter Vinay Babu Myron Dianiska Ryan Winter Amy Lynn Woodworth Bernier Carlo Davide Diele Katherine Helen Wister Alison Burton Jonah Dipane Jenae Withey Jacquelyn Calder Cliff Dominy Matthew Kenneth Witte Anastasia Nicole Carone Lucia B. Edmonds Molly R. Witter Spencer Cody Dick Esser | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ Kendall Coleman Wnuk David N. Conover Rick Farrar y Joseph Wnukowski William R. Corbett Max Garner Evan Michael Wolf Patricia Colleen Dennis Lynn Hackett Gorman Oliver Wolfe Obiorah Ebo Jacob Grana a Tod GSA Doug Wolfinger Sara Margaret Fulton Allan Graubard 39 In Memoriam The Society notes with regret the deaths of the following members (notifications received between 1 Aug. and 31 oct. 2013) norman r. anderson robert J. Gutru Jerry C. Olson Samuel J. Sims Tacoma, Washington, USA Wichita, Kansas, USA Mesa, Arizona, USA Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA Date of death: 28 oct. 2011 Date of death: 1 oct. 2012 Date of death: 12 Mar. 2013 Date of death: 13 May 2013 GSA notified: 21 oct. 2013 GSA notified: 10 oct. 2013 david G. roberts Sarah J. Stoll Charles V. Campbell Verne Q. Hornback Combloux, France Sheyboygan, Wisconsin, USA Fruita, Colorado, USA Weed, California, USA Date of death: 5 July 2013 Date of death: 13 Sept. 2013 GSA notified: 16 oct. 2013 Date of death: 4 Aug. 2013 James a. roddick Leigh Van Valen a. Eugene Fritsche James S. kahn Vancouver, British Columbia, Chicago, Illinois, USA Winnetka, California, USA Galena, Illinois, USA Canada GSA notified: 29 oct. 2013 Date of death: 7 July 2013 Date of death: 27 July 2013 Date of death: 19 Feb. 2013 John Vecchioli Howard r. Gould derek J. Main Eugen Seibold odessa, Florida, USA DeKalb, Illinois, USA Irving, Texas, USA Freiburg, Germany Date of death: 9 Feb. 2013 Date of death: 29 Aug. 2013 Date of death: 4 June 2013 Date of death: 23 oct. 2013

Gottfried k. Guennel Eric P. nelson Paul k. Sims Littleton, Colorado, USA Golden, Colorado, USA Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Date of death: 13 May 2013 Date of death: 27 Aug. 2013 Date of death: 29 oct. 2011 GSA notified: 11 Sept. 2013

To honor a friend or colleague with a GSA Memorial, please go to www.geosociety.org/pubs/memorials/ mmlGuid.htm to learn how. Contact the GSA Foundation, www.gsafweb.org, if you would like to contribute to the Memorial Fund.

GSA ELECTIONS

GSA’s success depends on you—its members—and the work biographical information on the nominees will be online for of the officers serving on GSA’s executive Committee and you to review at that time. Paper versions of both the ballot and Council. candidate information will also be available. In early March, you will receive a postcard with instructions Please help continue to shape GSA’s future by voting on the for accessing your electronic ballot via our secure website, and nominees listed here. 2014 OFFICEr and COunCIL nOMInEES

PrESIdEnT VICE PrESIdEnT/PrESIdEnT ELECT TrEaSurEr We congratulate our incoming President (July (July 2014–June 2016) (July 2014–June 2015) 2014–June 2015), who was elected by GSA Jonathan G. Price Bruce r. Clark membership in 2013: Harry (Hap) y. McSween Jr. Jonathan G. Price, LLC The Leighton Group Inc. of the University of Tennessee–Knoxville. Reno, nevada, USA Irvine, California, USA

COunCILOr POSITIOn 1 COunCILOr POSITIOn 2 COunCILOr POSITIOn 3 (July 2014–June 2018) (July 2014–June 2018) (July 2014–June 2018) aaron Cavosie Timothy Bralower Steven G. Pollock University of Puerto Rico–Mayagüez Pennsylvania State University University of Southern Maine Mayagüez, Puerto Rico State College, Pennsylvania, USA Gorham, Maine, USA

anke M. Friedrich Shuhai xiao alan E. kehew Universität München Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State University Western Michigan University Munich, Germany Blacksburg, Virginia, USA Portage, Michigan, USA

GSA TodAy | JANUARy 2014 Elections begin 7 March 2014. Ballots must be submitted electronically or postmarked by 13 april 2014. www.geosociety.org/aboutus/officers.htm 40 LAST Call for Applications 2014–2015 GSA–USGS Congressional Science Fellowship deadline: 1 Feb. 2014

Bring your science and technology expertise to Capitol Hill to work directly with national leaders at the interface between geoscience and public policy. The GSA-USGS Congressional Science Fellowship provides a rare opportunity for a geoscientist to spend a year working for a Member of Congress or congressional committee. If you are an earth scientist with a broad geologic background, experience applying scientific knowledge to societal challenges, and a pas- sion for helping shape the future of the geoscience profession, GSA and the USGS invite your application. The fellowship is open to GSA members who are U.S. citizens or permanent residents, with a minimum requirement of a master’s degree with at least five years of professional experience or a Ph.D. at the time of appointment. Learn more at www.geosociety.org/csf or by contacting Susan Lofton, | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ +1-303-357-1040, [email protected]. Apply today! GSA TodAy GSA

41 GSA FOUNDATION UPDATE P. Geoffrey Feiss, GSA Foundation President The Charles M. Shaw Bequest

In november, I reported on the transformative gift that We learned a bit about his passions from the fact that we former GSA Treasurer Robbie Griess made in creating the shared his estate with Berkeley, the Population Institute, The International Distinguished Lecturer Program at GSA. This is nature Conservancy, Save the Redwoods, and the Audubon typical of how a member with a strong interest in advancing Society, among others. His executor made it clear he trusted us GSA’s mission works with staff and Council to enhance a new to put his bequest to good use. initiative at GSA. With this responsibility on our shoul- It doesn’t always work quite like this. In ders, we discussed the Society’s top priori- March of 2013, we received word that the late ties with GSA leadership. Though we could Charles M. Shaw of La Conner, Washington, have spent the bequest in any way that our USA, had named the GSA Foundation, Board of Trustees deemed appropriate, we among others, in his estate. Few of us knew soon realized that we would best honor a Shaw and certainly no one had talked with geological life well lived if we created a him about a gift to GSA. A native of board-designated fund that aligned Shaw’s southern California and a navy veteran of interests, as we best understood them, with World War II, he had majored in chemistry GSA’s greatest needs. at the University of California–Berkeley and then received his Ph.D. in 1956 in experi- Thus, at the 2013 Annual Meeting in mental metamorphic petrology with the Denver, the GSA Foundation Board of Trustees created the Charles M. Shaw legendary John Verhoogen. He held a The late Charles M. Shaw of La Conner, Fulbright Fellowship at the University of Washington, USA Fund. For the next five years, income oslo, where he worked with the equally distributions from the fund will be used to legendary Tom Barth. His subsequent career support the new Science Policy Fellow in was as an independent consulting geologist in the western GSA’s D.C. office. This was a top priority of GSA Council and United States and new Zealand. We understand that he had a aligns, we think, with Shaw’s interests as exemplified by those keen interest in mining and minerals, especially ore specimens other organizations with whom we share his generous bequest. from unusual locales. After five years, we will revisit this allocation to assure that it is fulfilling the intent of Council and Shaw. This was about all we knew of Shaw—and most of that we learned through the “miracle” of the Internet. I tell this story for two reasons: First, to celebrate a marvelous act of generosity by a GSA member; second, to convey the seri- As time passed, we learned that the Charles M. Shaw estate ousness with which the Society and Foundation take their obli- would provide the GSA Foundation with an unrestricted gift gation to serve its members and to honor donor intent to the totaling at least half a million dollars. Such generosity could not extent we can—even when we must use some serious deductive go unnoted or unacknowledged. But how were we to honor the reasoning to understand what a donor might have wanted us to memory and thoughtfulness of a man so few of us knew? do with his gift. GSA TodAy | JANUARy 2014

42 2013–2014 gsA DiVision oFFicers

ARCHAeoLoGICAL GeoLoGy GeoPHySICS QUATeRnARy GeoLoGy AnD katherine a. adelsberger, Chair Samantha E. Hansen, Chair GeoMoRPHoLoGy Cynthia Fadem, Vice-Chair anna M. Courtier, Vice-Chair alan r. nelson, Chair Christopher L. Hill, Secretary-Treasurer richard w. Saltus, Secretary-Treasurer david P. dethier, First Vice-Chair Loren G. davis, Past Chair audrey d. Huerta, Past Chair anne Chin, Second Vice-Chair Sarah Brown Lewis, Secretary CoAL GeoLoGy GeoSCIenCe eDUCATIon Scott F. Burns, Treasurer Mark a. Engle, Chair Elizabeth a. Heise, Chair dennis E. dahms, newsletter editor/ Jennifer M.k. O’keefe, First Vice-Chair Julie C. Libarkin, First Vice-Chair Web Manager Brett J. Valentine, Second Vice-Chair Christopher L. atchison, Second Jim E. O’Connor, Past Chair Lois E. yoksoulian, Secretary Vice-Chair Margo Corum, Past Chair Sadredin (dean) C. Moosavi, SeDIMenTARy GeoLoGy Secretary-Treasurer Marjorie a. Chan, Chair enVIRonMenTAL AnD don a. duggan-Haas, Past Chair katherine a. Giles, Vice-Chair enGIneeRInG GeoLoGy Linda C. kah, Secretary-Treasurer dennis M. Staley, Chair HISToRy AnD PHILoSoPHy richard P. Langford, Past Chair william J. Burns, Chair-elect oF GeoLoGy Matthew M. Crawford, Secretary renee M. Clary, Chair STRUCTURAL GeoLoGy norman S. Levine, Past Chair Jane P. davidson, First Vice-Chair AnD TeCTonICS Joanne Bourgeois, Second Vice-Chair andrew Meigs, Chair GeoBIoLoGy & GeoMICRoBIoLoGy david w. Goldman, Secretary-Treasurer Sarah M. roeske, First Vice-Chair James d. Schiffbauer, Chair James C. dawson, Past Chair Jean M. Crespi, Second Vice-Chair Marc Laflamme, Vice-Chair yvette d. kuiper, Secretary-Treasurer alison Olcott Marshall, Secretary HyDRoGeoLoGy donna L. whitney, Past Chair Shawn d. domagal-Goldman, Treasurer alan E. Fryar, Chair Frank a. Corsetti, Past Chair Madeline E. Schreiber, First Vice-Chair alicia M. wilson, Second Vice-Chair GeoInFoRMATICS Eric w. Peterson, Secretary-Treasurer kerstin Lehnert, Chair Todd Halihan, Past Chair Lindsey allison, First Vice-Chair Tiffany a. rivera, Secretary-Treasurer LIMnoGeoLoGy amy Myrbo, Chair GeoLoGy AnD HeALTH Johan C. Varekamp, Vice-Chair Saugata datta, Chair Michelle F. Goman, Secretary Thomas H. darrah, First Vice-Chair david B. Finkelstein, Treasurer Suzette a. Morman, Second Vice-Chair daniel M. deocampo, Past Chair kevin E. nick, Secretary-Treasurer robert B. Finkelman, Past Chair MIneRALoGy, GeoCHeMISTRy, PeTRoLoGy, AnD VoLCAnoLoGy GeoLoGy AnD SoCIeTy Eric H. Christiansen, Chair Suzanne O’Connell, Chair diane r. Smith, First Vice-Chair Christopher P. Carlson, First Vice-Chair yildirim dilek, Second Vice-Chair Bruce r. Clark, Second Vice-Chair J. alexander Speer, Secretary-Treasurer Jonathan H. Goodwin, Calvin G. Barnes, Past Chair Secretary-Treasurer r. Laurence davis, Past Chair PLAneTARy GeoLoGy devon M. Burr, Chair debra Buczkowski, First Vice-Chair

danielle y. wyrick, Second Vice-Chair | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ James J. wray, Secretary-Treasurer robert C. anderson, Past Chair GSA TodAy GSA

43 EarthCache™ is Turning 10!

ince the first EarthCache (GCHFT2) was placed on 10 January 2003, an amazing four-million people have visited more than 16,200 EarthCaches in 165 countries around the globe. That is a truly outstanding impact— peopleS outside, having fun, and learning about our dynamic planet all at the same time. The EarthCache program came from humble beginnings. A GSA member at the 2003 Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA, mentioned that GSA should look into geocaching. Then a GSA staff member and his daughter developed the first site with a noble aim—to use Earth to teach people about the geology under their feet. “Let the Earth be your teacher” still encapsulates what the EarthCache program is about. Now ten years on, the EarthCache program continues to provide a way for geocachers to experience some amazing places in a way a traditional geocache (a hidden plastic box with a log book) just can’t do. Throughout the ten years, the program built its support for EarthCachers through the EarthCache Masters and Discovery Programs, EarthCache Day, and the International EarthCache Events (IEEs). We have also started to organize EarthCache GeoVentures—special field trips for EarthCachers. These are wonderful programs that have helped to build a community of EarthCachers, through which some lifelong friendships have been formed. This month, the EarthCache community is celebrating the 10th Anniversary of EarthCache by holding events around the globe. We also are working on more activities to run through the year to get people involved—photo and video competitions, a virtual 5-K race, and more. Our future continues to be very bright. We want to build on all these programs and work with our extraordinary volunteer reviewers (the “Geoawares”) to help cachers around the world continue to enjoy and learn about all aspects of geoscience. GSA thanks everyone who has been involved—Groundspeak Inc., volunteers, staff, and the wider geocaching community. Happy Birthday EarthCache! ry 2014 a nu a y | J a GSA Tod EarthCaching is for the young and young at heart. Photo by Gary Lewis. A dike of once molten rock cuts the rock platform at EarthCache I in Australia. Photo by Gary Lewis. 44 ExPLOrE HawaIIan VOLCanOES FOr COLLEGE STudEnTS I*: 2–11 February THE GEOLOGy OF CanyOn COunTry, MOaB, uTaH: 11–17 May GEOLOGy OF dInOSaur MOnuMEnT, yaMPa rIVEr: 5–11 June ExPLOrE auSTraLIa’S GEOLOGy FOr k–12 TEaCHErS: 14–26 June SurVEy OF COLOradO’S MInInG GEOLOGy, COLOradO SPrInGS, COLOradO: 22–28 June ExPLOrE SOuTHErn auSTraLIa (extension trip): 26 June–3 July ExPLOrE dynaMIC ICELand**: 27 July–7 august ExPLOrE HawaIIan VOLCanOES FOr COLLEGE STudEnTS II*: 27 July–4 august ExPLOrE HawaIIan VOLCanOES FOr k–12 TEaCHErS: 6–13 august GEOCaCHInG On an aCTIVE VOLCanO: 8–15 november Contact Gary Lewis for more information on GeoVentures at [email protected]. 2014 Field camps for K–12 Teachers And you thought the Midwest ILLInOIS BaSIn FIELd CaMP: 15–19 June didn’t have amazing geology! rOCky MOunTaIn FIELd CaMP: 21–26 June MaMMOTH CaVE FIELd CaMP: 14–19 July Contact davida Buehler for more information on Field Camps at [email protected]. www.geoventures.org www.facebook.com/gsAgeoVentures Mammouth Cave national Park. Image courtesy Wikimedia Commons. * These trips are almost full. register now to secure your spot. ** wait-list only. Classified Rates—2014 salary commensurate with experience (see Collective groundwater resource evaluation, groundwater hy- Agreement at www.tucfa.com/?page_id=111). Review draulics, hydrogeochemistry, and hydrogeophysics. Ads (or cancellations) must reach the GSA advertising office of applications will commence on Jan. 17, 2014 and Tentative start date will be Fall 2014. The candidate no later than the first of the month, one month prior to the issue in which they are to be published. Contact advertising@ continue until the positions are filled. must have a Ph.D. in geological sciences or closely geosociety.org, +1.800.472.1988 ext. 1053, or +1.303.357.1053. Applications should be sent to: Prof. Charles related field at the time of employment. Salary All correspondence must include complete contact informa- Henderson, Head, Dept. of Geoscience, University Range: $65,000. For more information and to apply, tion, including e-mail and mailing addresses. To estimate cost, of Calgary, 2500, University Drive, Calgary, AB., visit http://apptrkr.com/409605 by 3/15. Announce- count 54 characters per line, including punctuation and spaces. Actual cost may differ if you use capitals, boldface CAnADA T2n 1n4, Fax: (403) 284-0074, e-mail: ment #10000043970. AA/eoe. [email protected]. type, or special characters. Rates are in U.S. dollars. GISCIENCE, GEOVISUALIZATION All qualified candidates are encouraged to apply Per line each OF BIG DATA, DEPT. OF GEOSCIENCES Per Line for addt’l month and excellence will be the primary decision criterion; AND COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Classification 1st month (same ad) however, in accordance with Canadian immigration GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY Positions Open $9.10 $8.85 requirements, preference will be given to Canadian Fellowship Opportunities $9.10 $8.85 The Dept. of Geosciences at Georgia State University citizens and permanent residents of Canada. The Opportunities for Students invites applications for a tenured or tenure-eligible University of Calgary respects, appreciates, and First 25 lines $0.00 $5.00 faculty position at the Associate or Full Professor Additional lines $5.00 $5.00 encourages diversity. level in GIScience and Geovisualization of Big Data, HYDROGEOLOGIST, TENURE TRACK effective Fall 2014. Ideal candidates will focus on the ASSISTANT PROFESSOR POSITION geovisualization of social and/or environmental dis- DEPT. OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES parities, preferably in urban settings. This position Positions Open THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA is part of Georgia State University’s (GSU) Second The Dept. of Geological Sciences at The University Century Initiative (www.gsu.edu/secondcentury/) to ExECuTIVE dIrECTOr of Alabama invites applications for a tenure-track recruit up to three outstanding Big Data faculty in aMErICan InSTITuTE OF faculty position in Hydrogeology, beginning Aug. geosciences, business, and disease modeling. PrOFESSIOnaL GEOLOGISTS 2014. The position will be filled at the Assistant Minimum requirements for the Big Data position The American Institute of Professional Geologists Professor level. Candidates must have a strong re- in GIScience and Geovisualization are an earned is accepting applications for the position of execu- cord of research and a Ph.D. in the geosciences or Ph.D. in geography, geosciences or a related disci- tive Director. The successful candidate will succeed a closely related field, preferably with specialization pline; an outstanding record of scholarly publica- the current director who has announced his intent linking surface and groundwater processes, by the tions demonstrating expertise in GIScience and Ge- to retire. Applications will be accepted until the posi- time of appointment. The successful candidate will ovisualization of big data commensurate with rank tion is filled. Details can be found at www.aipg.org/ be expected to establish a strong, externally-funded at the associate or full professor level; evidence of AIPGexDirSearch.pdf. research program and to attract high-quality Ph.D. external funding commensurate with the candidate’s and M.S. graduate students. The successful can- TWO TENURE-TRACK INSTRUCTORS discipline and experience; and a demonstrated excel- didate also will be expected to teach introductory GEOSCIENCE lence in teaching in geography, geosciences, or re- geology courses and undergraduate and graduate THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY lated fields. Candidates with interests in community courses in hydrogeology, advise graduate students, Applications are invited for two tenure-track initial engagement and/or citizen science are preferred. The and contribute to the department’s research pro- term instructor positions in the Dept. of Geoscience. successful candidate will be able to provide leader- gram in hydrogeology and environmental geol- These teaching positions are part of an ongoing ship for the college’s Big Data research and teaching ogy. opportunities for research collaboration also effort to improve the experience of undergraduate initiatives and will also have the ability and desire to exist with the Geological Survey of Alabama, the students through student engagement and student promote interdisciplinary research on the applica- newly established noAA national Water Center, learning in any area of geoscience. The successful tion of Geovisualization and GIScience to Big Data and the Center for Freshwater Studies, all located applicants will have an advanced degree in geosci- technologies and modeling techniques. on The University of Alabama campus. The depart- ence (Ph.D. or equivalent expected) and a desire to ABoUT THe enVIRonMenT. Georgia State ment has a broad range of resources and existing achieve teaching excellence and pedagogical and cur- University is a leading research university in the facilities, including modeling and computational ricular development within an academic setting. All dynamic heart of downtown Atlanta with a diverse resources, field and laboratory equipment, and candidates who consider themselves passionate and student body of over 32,000 students. The Dept. chemical and stable isotope analytical facilities. adaptable with respect to teaching across a variety of of Geosciences (http://geosciences.gsu.edu/) offers Details regarding existing department research geoscience disciplines (see www.geoscience.ucalgary bachelors and masters degrees in Geosciences, with programs, equipment, and facilities can be found .ca/courses for reference to courses) are welcome concentrations in geography and geology, and a at: www.geo.ua.edu. Questions should be directed to apply. Ph.D. in Chemistry with a geology specialization. to Dr. Fred Andrus ([email protected]), Chair of Known as Canada’s energy capital, Calgary is a FURTHeR InFoRMATIon AnD APPLICA- the Hydrogeology Search Committee. Applicants bustling city of more than 1.2 million, located near TIon PRoCeDURe. Applicants wishing to apply should submit a cover letter, curriculum vitae, re- the foothills of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. The should register with http://academicjobsonline. search statement, teaching statement, and names University of Calgary is a global intellectual hub org/ (the registration is free) and upload their cur- and contact information for at least three referees where students thrive in programs made rich by re- riculum vita, statement of research and teaching through the UA Jobs website at facultyjobs.ua.edu. search and hands-on experiences. The Dept. of Geo- interests, and provide contact information for three Review of applications will begin Jan. 10, 2014, and science is one of the largest geoscience departments references. Please indicate that you are applying for will continue until the position is filled. in north America, with comprehensive undergradu- the Big Data position in Geosciences. Applicants are ate and graduate programs recognized for excellence HYDROGEOLOGIST, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR required to submit their materials via the online world-wide and research strengths in energy and en- GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF system. Questions about the position can be sent vironmental geoscience. IDAHO, MOSCOW, IDAHO, USA to [email protected]. Review of applica- Applications must include a cover letter indicating The Dept. of Geological Sciences at the University tions will begin immediately and applicants will be your qualifications for the position, a curriculum vi- of Idaho (UI) is seeking applications for a 9-month, reviewed until positions are filled. Positions are con- tae, a maximum two-page statement of teaching phi- tenure-track position in hydrology. Applications tingent on University budget approval. losophy including a list of disciplinary areas in which will be accepted from candidates with research and Georgia State University is an equal opportuni- teaching interests over a wide spectrum of ground- ty educational Institution/Affirmative Action em- GSA TodAy | JANUARy 2014 | CLASSIFIEd AdS the candidate would like to teach, and the complete contact information of three referees. Appointment water science applications. Areas of specialization ployer. employment is contingent on background will be within the Instructor stream, with a 12-month may include, but are not limited to all aspects of verification. 46 SOIL SCIENTIST faculty positions, 12 of which will be Foundation Multiplying Knowledge; and (4) Building Commu- DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENTAL, Professors. We are seeking an individual with a re- nities, expanding opportunities. See www.provost GEOGRAPHICAL search specialty of fluid flow in and around fractures, .ku.edu/planning/themes/ for more information. AND GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES who will contribute to research in reservoir charac- eoe M/F/D/V. BLOOMSBURG UNIVERSITY OF terization (e.g., Co storage/enhanced oil Recovery, 2 HYDROGEOCHEMIST, GEOHYDROLOGY, PENNSYLVANIA geothermal energy, petroleum, shale gas, waste-water SECTION, KANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania invites disposal, water resources and contaminant trans- THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS, LAWRENCE applications for a full-time, tenure-track position port). This position is part of a coordinated cluster of Full-time position to lead KGS hydrogeochemical at the Assistant Professor level (AA# 41-3-53) to 12 new faculty hires within the College of Liberal Arts investigations. Faculty-equivalent, sabbatical-eligi- begin fall semester 2014. We seek a Soil Scientist and Sciences and the School of engineering focusing ble position at the rank of Assistant or entry-level with a focus on Food Systems/Agricultural Science. on water and energy resources, and technology and Associate Scientist. Requires Ph.D. with an empha- The successful candidate will be expected to teach social questions related to the extraction of fossil fu- sis on aqueous geochemistry related to groundwater upper-level courses in soils science and food systems/ els from unconventional reservoirs. Initial review of resources, and scientific leadership potential. Back- agricultural science as well as introductory courses applications will begin on Feb. 3, 2014 and continue ground in hydrogeochemistry applied to regional- in geography and environmental science to complete as long as needed to identify a qualified pool. Refer scale groundwater investigations is desired. The a 12-hour per semester teaching load. The successful to www.geo.ku.edu/misc/jobAd.shtml for additional Geohydrology Section has 7 full-time professionals candidate will participate in service to the depart- information about the position, qualifications and with additional support personnel. emphasis on ment, develop an active research program that involves how to apply. Questions may be referred to the Com- state-of-the-science field studies and complemen- undergraduates and will seek external funding. Pref- mittee Chair Randy Stotler ([email protected]) or the tary theoretical research. Complete announcement/ erence will be given to candidates with a focus on Dept. Chair Luis Gonzalez ([email protected]). application info at www.kgs.ku.edu/General/jobs applications that will complement the developing The University of Kansas is especially interested in .html. First consideration deadline: Feb. 7, 2014. Center for earth and environmental Sciences with- hiring faculty members who can contribute to four Apply online at http://jobs.brassring.com/1033/ASP/ in the Dept. of environmental, Geographical and key campus-wide strategic initiatives: (1) Sustaining TG/cim_jobdetail.asp?partnerid=25752&siteid= Geological Sciences. Applicant must have a Ph.D. the Planet, Powering the World; (2) Promoting Well- 5447&AReq=44BR. For further information contact or doctorate from an accredited institution by Being, Finding Cures; (3) Harnessing Information, Geoff Bohling ([email protected]) or Don Whittemore Aug. 22, 2015. Multiplying Knowledge; and (4) Building Commu- ([email protected]). equal opportunity employer The preferred candidate will have experience nities, expanding opportunities. See www.provost M/F/D/V. teaching in classroom, laboratory settings, and in the .ku.edu/planning/themes/ for more information. field, a demonstrated commitment to excellence in More information about Foundation Professors at THE ROY J. SHLEMON CHAIR IN teaching, and demonstrate an ability to work with KU may be found at www.foundation.ku.edu. APPLIED GEOSCIENCES, DEPT. OF diverse populations. Finalists for this position must eoe M/F/D/V. EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES communicate well and successfully complete an in- UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN GEOPHYSICS: terview process including a teaching demonstration. The Dept. of earth and Planetary Sciences at the ELECTRICAL/ELECTROMAGNETIC The successful candidate must be recommended by University of California at Davis seeks an outstand- METHODS, UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS the majority of the regular, full-time faculty. Prior to ing scholar for The Roy J. Shlemon Chair in Applied The Dept. of Geology at the University of Kansas a final offer of employment the selected candidate Geosciences in the College of Letters and Science. We invites candidates to apply for a tenure-track, fac- will be required to submit to a background check seek an individual with a well-established, highly vis- ulty position at the Assistant Professor level in Geo- including, but not limited to, employment verifica- ible and interdisciplinary research program in Qua- physics; appointment is expected to begin as early tion, educational and other credential verification ternary geomorphology with a strong quantitative as Aug. 18, 2014. We are seeking an individual with and criminal background check. background and an active interest in understanding a research specialty in the areas of electrical and Please submit an application packet including a the dynamics of earth’s surface through studies of electromagnetic Methods. This position is part of a letter addressing the requirements above, a curricu- the physics of surficial processes and the broad-scale university-wide cluster of 15 new faculty positions lum vitae, unofficial copies of undergraduate and interactions among tectonics, topography, and cli- that focus on “Water Resources”. Areas of study could graduate transcripts, and at least three recommen- mate. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to, include aquifers, geothermal and hydrocarbon reser- dation names and phone numbers to Dr. Stephen the dynamics of river and delta systems in response voirs, polar environments (ice sheets; permafrost), Whisner, Search Committee Chair, at geosearch@ to tectonism, climate change and sea level change, and monitoring of hydrological and biogeochemical bloomu.edu. It is encouraged but not required that the geomorphic evolution of mountain ranges and processes as they relate to water, energy, and environ- three letters of recommendation be included in the their local and regional impact on and feedback ment. The successful candidate will be expected to initial application. This position is contingent upon with climate dynamics, and theoretical modeling of establish an externally funded research program, di- available funding. fluid mechanics and sediment transport as applied to rect graduate students, and participate in teaching at For full consideration, completed applications problems of geomorphology. graduate and undergraduate levels. A Ph.D. or ABD must be received by Jan. 13, 2014. Position will re- We anticipate an appointment at the Associate or in geophysics, geology, natural sciences, engineering, main open until filled. Full Professor level to begin July 1, 2014. The success- or a closely related discipline with an emphasis on Bloomsburg University of PA encourages applica- ful candidate is expected to hold the academic dis- electrical and electromagnetic methods is expected tions from historically under-represented individu- tinction for appointment to an endowed Chair at the by the start date of the appointment. Initial review of als, women, veterans, and persons with disabilities post-tenure level. The candidate is further expected applications will begin Feb. 3, 2014 and will continue and is an AA/eoe employer. Visit our department to create a focal point for Quaternary Science re- as long as needed to identify a qualified pool. Refer website: http://departments.bloomu.edu/geo/. search on the UC Davis campus as well as to explore to www.geo.ku.edu/misc/jobAd.shtml for addi- links to the Center for Watershed Sciences (http:// OPEN RANK PROFESSOR IN FLUID FLOW tional information about the position, qualifications watershed.ucdavis.edu/) of the John Muir Institute UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS and how to apply. Questions may be referred to the of the environment. An interest in policy develop- The Dept. of Geology at the University of Kansas Committee Chair George Tsoflias ([email protected]) ment of water resource issues in California and/or invites candidates to apply for a tenure-track or ten- or the Dept. Chair Luis Gonzalez ([email protected]). the western United States is desirable. ured faculty position; rank from assistant professor The University of Kansas is especially interested in For more information about the UC Davis Dept. to Foundation Distinguished Professor, depending hiring faculty members who can contribute to four of earth and Planetary Sciences, see http://geology on experience and program needs; appointment is key campus-wide strategic initiatives: (1) Sustaining .ucdavis.edu. To apply, please go to https://recruit expected to begin as early as Aug. 18, 2014. KU is the Planet, Powering the World; (2) Promoting Well- GSA TodAy | www.geosociety.org/classiads/ .ucdavis.edu/apply/JPF00159. vigorously investing in its future by creating 64 new Being, Finding Cures; (3) Harnessing Information,

47 Review of applications will begin on December requirements can be found at www.dri.edu/ salary, tuition, research support and health insurance. 20, and will continue until the position is filled. UC graduate-scholarships/189-jod-scholarship. Field sites for research include the western United Davis is an affirmative action/equal employment op- Applications must be post-marked by Feb. 2, States and the east African Rift Valley. Students with portunity employer and is dedicated to recruiting a 2014. Proposal reviews will not be returned. Appli- interdisciplinary geoscience backgrounds (includ- diverse faculty community. We welcome all qualified cations should be addressed to: executive Director ing coursework/research in sedimentary geology, applicants to apply, including women, minorities, in- Division of earth and ecosystem Sciences Desert exploration seismology, petroleum geochemistry, dividuals with disabilities and veterans. Research Institute 2215 Raggio Parkway Reno, nV and micropaleontology) are particularly encouraged 89512, USA. to apply. experience in conducting remote field- work is a plus. Please contact Prof. Michael McGlue Graduate Fellowships at the university of ([email protected]) for more information. Opportunities for Students kentucky. Pioneer natural Resources Fellowships Further details on the Dept. of earth and environ- are available at the University of Kentucky. Pioneer mental Sciences at the University of Kentucky can M.S. and Ph.d. Opportunities, university of Fellowships are open to M.S. and Ph.D. candidates be found at http://ees.as.uky.edu/. The department kentucky. The Dept. of earth and environmental with research interests in stratigraphy, sedimentol- maintains world-class facilities and an active, stu- Sciences at the University of Kentucky has 2014– ogy, and petroleum geology. These positions include dent-centered research program. Review of applica- 2015 academic year assistantships and fellowships tions for Fall 2014 admission will begin Feb. 1, 2014. available for MS and Ph.D. students. All awards include tuition and health insurance. The department has 10 tenured/tenure-track faculty, 3 lecturers, and 11 adjuncts at the Kentucky Geological Survey and UK Center for Applied energy Research. Research specializations include sedimentary/petroleum geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, geophysics, When you get igneous/metamorphic petrology, and tectonics. Facilities include the Sedimentary, environmental and Radiochemical Research Laboratory; a state-of- the-art stable isotope laboratory; the Kentucky Seis- mic and Strong-Motion network; instrumentation for potential and active source geophysics; electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction laboratories; and extensive library holdings. UK is located in Lexing- ton, a vibrant community of nearly 300,000. The you’re getting… surrounding area offers a wealth of outdoor and cultural opportunities. For more information, visit http://ees.as.uky.edu or contact Dr. edward Woolery, Director of Graduate Studies (+1-859-257-3016 or [email protected]). • A monthly peer-reviewed science article that is always Graduate Student Opportunities, Ohio university. open access; The Dept. of Geological Sciences at ohio University invites applications to its graduate program for the • Peer-reviewed “Groundwork” articles that further the Fall of 2014. The department offers an MS degree in inﬂ uence of earth science on education, policy, planning, Geological Sciences with areas of emphasis within and funding; three research clusters: paleobiology and sedimentary geology, solid earth and planetary dynamics, • Thompson Field Forum announcements and reports; and environmental and surficial processes. Prospec- tive students are encouraged to contact faculty di- • Penrose Conference announcements and reports; rectly to discuss potential research topics. Qualified • GSA Position Statement drafts; students are eligible to receive teaching or research assistantships that carry a full tuition scholarship • Meeting announcements; and a competitive stipend. For additional program and application information, visit the department • Information on the latest GSA books; website at www.ohio.edu/geology/ or contact the • A treasure-trove of employment opportunities in the graduate chair, Dr. Alycia Stigall ([email protected]). classiﬁ ed ads section; Review of applications begins Feb. 1. • GeoCorpsTM job postings and highlights; Jonathan O. davis Scholarship, university of nevada, reno. The Jonathan o. Davis Scholarship • Information about GSA’s Connected Community; supports graduate students working on the Qua- • Education & Outreach programs; and ternary geology of the Great Basin. The national scholarship is $5,000 and the University of nevada, • A sense of community. Reno stipend is $1,500. The national scholarship is open to graduate students enrolled in an M.S. or Ph.D. program at any university in the United States. The nevada stipend is open to graduate stu-

GSA TodAy | JANUARy 2014 | CLASSIFIEd AdS dents enrolled in an M.S. or Ph.D. program at the www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ University of nevada, Reno. Details on application

Mosaics in Science The new GSA–national Park Service “Mosaics in Science” program is now accepting applications for paid, short- term, multidisciplinary “STeM” (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) positions at national Park sites across the United States. Mosaics in Science provides youth (17–25 years old) who are typically underrepresented in science career fi elds with on-the-ground, science-based work experiences with the national Park Service (nPS). After these jobs are completed, participants will attend a career workshop in Washington D.C. to present the results of their work, be introduced to different science career paths, and gain skills toward applying for and obtaining a federal STeM job. The Mosaics in Science program is administered by GSA in close collaboration with the nPS Geologic Resources Division and the nPS youth Program offi ce.

www.geosociety.org/mosaics/ Marissa Reis, Mount Rainier national Park, Washington, USA. GeoCorpsTM America —Summer 2014

GSA is now accepting applications for paid geoscience opportunities in public lands managed by the National Park Service, the U.S. Forest Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. All levels of geologists—students, educators, professionals, retirees—are encouraged to apply. The summer 2014 program includes Guest Scientist positions, Diversity Internships, and American Indian Internships.

Learn more about GeoCorps!

• Blog: Check out Amy Atwater’s blog post about

her summer 2013 GeoCorps experience at Denali | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ National Park: http://bit.ly/1ds6Ira Like us on Facebook! • Facebook: www.facebook.com/GeoCorps GSA TodAy GSA www.facebook.com/GeoCorps • Website: www.geosociety.org/geocorps

51 Why are there so few Hispanic students in geoscience?

Philip J. Stokes, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona, qualitative nature of student narratives (Fig. 1). Incidents can then Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA; Roger Levine, Consultant, be quantitatively compared across categories, groups, and respon- 168 Iris Street, Redwood City, California 94062, USA; and dents. We followed Levine et al.’s (2007) classification for many of Karl W. Flessa, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona, the factors influencing the choice of a geoscience major. Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA We identified critical incidents in the transcripts as events that Geoscience struggles to keep pace with the changing national affected the student’s feelings of self-confidence, desire to pursue a demographics. Of all of the science, technology, engineering, and geoscience degree, persistence in the major, or perception of math (STEM) fields, geoscience has the least racial and ethnic geoscience. If the student reported that the incident was worth- diversity. In 2010, 20% of all U.S. bachelor’s degrees were awarded while or supported their decision to major in geoscience, it was to underrepresented minorities, and fewer than 7% of bachelor’s classified as a positive outcome. If the student reported that the degrees in geoscience were awarded to underrepresented minori- incident was frustrating, created a hurdle to persistence, or ties (NSF, 2013). Diversity benefits students’ academic develop- detracted from their confidence about choice of major, it was ment, awareness of cultures, professional societies, and the classified as a negative outcome (Table 1). workforce (Chan, 2013; Velasco and Velasco, 2010). Explanations We interviewed 29 current or former University of Arizona offered for the limited participation of minority students in students: 17 females and 12 males. Eight students self-identified as geoscience include family influences, cultural differences, and Hispanic/Latino (Hispanic, hereafter) and 21 students self-identi- hidden barriers (e.g., O’Connell and Holmes, 2011; Lewis and fied as white, non-Hispanic/Latino (white, hereafter). We Baker 2010; Seymour and Hewitt, 1997). Few explanations have collected a grand total of 881 critical incidents. There was no been tested, and progress toward greater participation of under- significant difference in the average numbers of total critical inci- represented minorities in geosciences has been slow. dents reported by Hispanic students and white students and no We used the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) (Flanagan, 1954) significant difference in the number of positive critical incidents to examine the factors that affect student enrollment and persis- between white and Hispanic students. However, Hispanic tence in geoscience. The CIT is a semi-structured interview tech- students reported more negative incidents than white students. nique that elicits reports of “critical incidents” in the subject’s past Whites and Hispanics differed significantly with respect to that influenced their actions, decisions, or attitudes. The CIT familial factors (Fig. 1). Per student, Hispanics reported twice as provides a way to collect and classify the otherwise anecdotal and many critical incidents relating to familial factors during college

4.88 College: Familial factors 2.62

3.25 College: Course experiences 3.38

2.50 College: Geoscience culture 1.48

College: Outdoor 2.13 experiences 2.19

College: Major selection & 2.13 Hispanic/Latino advisement 1.76 Figure 1. Average number of critical incidents White College: Peer pressure & 2.13 provided by white and Hispanic students, socialization 1.57 by category. Statistically significant (p < .05) findings shown in bold typeface and darker College: Personal 2.00 characteristics 2.76 color.

0.88 College: Research & mentors 1.05 ry 2014 a 1.50

nu K-12: Course experiences

a 1.24

Out-of-School: Outdoor 0.38

y | J experiences 1.24 a

012345 Average number of reported incidents GSA Tod

GSA Today, v. 24, no. 1, doi: 10.1130/GSATG176GW.1. 52 adjustment. More informal outdoor experiences for Hispanic youth could result in more Hispanic undergraduate geoscience majors. Familial factors are important to Hispanic students considering an undergraduate major in geosciences, and Hispanic students encounter more resistance from their families than do white students. While our sample size is small (n = 29; 881 critical incidents), it is larger than any previous study of differences between ethnic groups of geoscience majors. Our geographic scope is also small, being limited to one institution. Furthermore, our statistical approach to hypothesis testing only allows us to identify experiences that differ in prevalence for Hispanic and white students. Results should not be interpreted as indicating that factors such as “K–12 course experiences” or “research & mentors,” and the organizations that promote such activities, are unimportant—only that we are unable to detect differences in their prevalence. In these cases, the than did whites. Furthermore, Hispanics reported five times more experiences appear to be equally important to both Hispanic and negative familial factors (2.5) than did whites (0.5). white majors. This study is a beginning: We make the usual call for The only other significant difference we found between white more data and a broader scope. More focused efforts to provide and Hispanic geoscience majors is that fewer Hispanics reported Hispanic families with career information and educational outdoor out-of-school outdoor experiences—a factor associated with experiences for their children may increase the number of Hispanic geoscience career choice. geoscience majors. Extended families are important to Hispanics. While white students typically reported familial factors involving just parents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS and siblings, Hispanic students often noted interactions with We thank National Science Foundation award 0914401, the University of aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents as part of their decision- Arizona Graduate and Professional Student Council, Graduate College, making processes. In addition, Hispanic geoscience majors had Department of Geosciences, and The Geological Society of America for their significantly more negative familial experiences than their white support. QSR International donated NVivo 10 for critical incident analyses. peers. This indicates that not only do Hispanic students have more This work is approved by the UA Human Subjects Research Office, IRB# 10-0834-02. Special thanks to Miriam Fuhrman of Rock Solid Testing family to satisfy, but Hispanics encounter more skepticism Services and the American Institutes for Research. regarding their major choice from family members than do white geoscience students. REFERENCES CITED Cultural and familial factors are very important to Hispanic Chan, M., 2013, Why does diversity matter to GSA?: GSA Today, v. 23, no. 7, students (e.g., Chapa and De La Rosa, 2006; Munro, 2009). That p. 11. the eight Hispanic students involved in this study were able to Chapa, J., and De La Rosa, B., 2006, The problematic pipeline: Demographic persist in geoscience speaks to their abilities to handle family- trends and Latino participation in graduate science, technology, based criticisms of their major choice. How many potential engineering, and mathematics programs: Journal of Hispanic Higher Hispanic geoscience majors have been steered into other fields by Education, v. 5, no. 3, p. 203–221. their families? Flanagan, J.C., 1954, The Critical Incident Technique: Psychological Bulletin, v. 51, no. 4, p. 327–358. Geoscientists are not as visible in the workforce as other scientists Hoisch, T.D., and Bowie, J.I., 2010, Assessing factors that influence the recruitment or engineers, and because there are so few Hispanics among them, of majors from introductory geology classes at Northern Arizona University: parents may not easily see the value of the profession. Because Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 58, no. 3, p. 166–176. Hispanic students encounter more skepticism when explaining their Levine, R.L., Gonzalez, R., Cole, S., Fuhrman., M., and Le Floch, K.C., 2007, The choice of a major to their family, it would serve geosciences well to geoscience pipeline: A conceptual framework: Journal of Geoscience provide prospective geoscience majors with information useful in Education, v. 55, no. 6, p. 458–468. their family discussions. Sharing information on employment Lewis, E.B., and Baker, D.R., 2010, A call for a new geoscience education research agenda: Journal of Research in Science Teaching, v. 47, no. 2, p. 121–129. opportunities, job security, and starting salaries in geoscience fields Munro, J.L., 2009, Understanding decisions Latino students make regarding should help to convince families that geoscience is a worthwhile persistence in the science and math pipeline [Ph.D. thesis]: Tucson, degree (e.g., Hoisch and Bowie, 2010). Similarly, efforts to encourage University of Arizona, 264 p. Hispanic students to persist to graduate school could also benefit NSF, 2013, National Science Foundation Integrated Science and Engineering from admission policies that acknowledge the importance of Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), Raw data from National Center familial factors in students’ decisions. For example, the proximity of for Education Statistics (NCES) including IPEDS completions surveys NCES: https://webcaspar.nsf.gov/ (last accessed Jan. 2013). a student’s family to a graduate program may influence the decision O’Connell, S., and Holmes, A., 2011, Obstacles to the recruitment of minorities to pursue an advanced degree. into the geosciences: A call to action: GSA Today, v. 21, no. 6, p. 52–54. Hispanic geosciences majors had fewer informal outdoor experi- Seymour, E., and Hewitt, N.M., 1997, Talking about leaving: Why undergraduates | www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/ ences before college than white geoscience majors. This adds to the leave the sciences: Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press, 427 p. y challenge of recruiting Hispanic geoscience majors. For white Velasco, A.A., and Velasco, E.J., 2010, Striving to diversify the geosciences students who grew up with many outdoor experiences, geoscience is, workforce: Eos, v. 91, no. 33, p. 289–296. perhaps, an obvious fit. For Hispanic students who had fewer a Tod GSA outdoor experiences, geoscience might require more personal Manuscript received 10 March 2013; accepted 8 Aug. 2013. 53 188,171 5.4 202 Total pages of e-book content Average weeks from acceptance number of countries and available at www.gsapubs.org, to online for the December 2013 territories represented by visitors dating back to 1934. Geosphere issue. to the Geology website in the month of october 2013.

Start reading at www.gsapubs.org.

There is no better way to learn about volcanology than to live for a week on an active volcano. GSA’s “explore Hawaiian Volcanos”. GeoVentures provide an excellent opportunity to do just that. A week or more living on Kilauea allows school teachers, college students, and earthCachers a close-up view of the wonders of our dynamic planet as they visit eruption sites, measure and map ancient flows, see Because the best geologists current activity, and learn about the processes, research, and hazards of active volcanism. have seen the most rocks! GSA’s education & outreach team has been running and leading trips for teachers and college students for ten years. The trips aim to not only show the processes, but to expose participants to a range of geological skills, such as mapping, data collection, and developing geological hypotheses while in the field. In 2014, four Hawaii trips are planned—two for college students (February & July/August), a trip for school teachers (August), and a final trip for the earthCaching/Geocaching community (november). While each trip has a slightly different focus and depth, all of them visit amazing locations both on and off the tourist routes. Collecting sites for teaching specimens outside of the national/State Parks are also part of the experience. All the trips also include an opportunity to experience the culture and ecological diversity of the Hawaiian Island. other GeoVentures planned for 2014 include Iceland and Australia— both open to everyone! Photo by Gary by Photo Lewis.

GSA TodAy | JANUARy 2014 For more information go to www.geoventures.org, or contact Gary Lewis at [email protected].