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Identification of Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings in International Protection and Forced Return Procedures European Migration Network Study March 2014

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Identification of Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings in International Protection and Forced Return Procedures European Migration Network Study March 2014 Identification of victims of trafficking in human beings in international protection and forced return procedures European Migration Network Study March 2014 Home Affairs Synthesis Report – Identification of victims of trafficking in human beings in international protection and forced return procedures Contents Disclaimer ....................................................................................................................... 4 Explanatory note .............................................................................................................. 4 Executive summary .......................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 9 1.1 Background and context ....................................................................................... 9 1.2 EU Legislative framework ..................................................................................... 9 1.2.1 Anti-trafficking legislation ..................................................................................... 9 1.2.2 The EU asylum acquis ........................................................................................ 11 1.2.3 The Dublin Regulation ........................................................................................ 13 1.2.4 Legislation on return .......................................................................................... 14 1.3 The role of the EU Anti-Trafficking Coordinator and the EU agencies ........................ 14 2 Scope and scale of the problem ........................................................................... 15 2.1 Evidence from national studies ............................................................................ 15 2.2 National statistics .............................................................................................. 16 2.2.1 Detection of victims when in international protection procedures ............................. 16 2.2.2 Third-country nationals granted a reflection period or residence permit having been through or having moved from international protection procedures .................. 16 2.2.3 Third-country nationals granted an international protection status on grounds of being a victim of trafficking ................................................................................. 17 2.2.4 Third-country nationals detected in forced return procedures .................................. 17 3 National Frameworks ......................................................................................... 17 3.1 Protocols for children ......................................................................................... 17 3.2 Gender-specific protocols ................................................................................... 18 4 Detection and identification in international protection procedures ........................... 18 4.1 Mechanisms for detecting victims of trafficking in human beings ............................. 19 4.1.1 Proactive screening ............................................................................................ 19 4.1.2 Detection through the recognition of indications of trafficking ................................. 19 4.1.3 Self-reporting ................................................................................................... 20 4.2 Systems in place to follow up on suspected cases of trafficking ............................... 21 4.2.1 Immediate referral onto official identification procedures ........................................ 21 4.2.2 Assessment by asylum authorities / (specialised) reception centre staff ................... 21 2 Synthesis Report – Identification of victims of trafficking in human beings in international protection and forced return procedures 4.2.3 (Official) identification by asylum authorities / reception centre staff ........................ 22 4.2.4 Alternative assessments and The role of other actors in the identification process ..... 22 5 Detection and identification in “Dublin” procedures ................................................ 22 5.1 Mechanisms for detection in Dublin procedures ..................................................... 23 5.2 Assessment of suspected cases ........................................................................... 23 5.3 Decision not to proceed with a Dublin transfer ...................................................... 23 6 Detection and identification in return procedures ................................................... 24 6.1 Mechanisms for detection of victims in forced return procedures ............................. 24 6.1.1 Proactive screening of returnees .......................................................................... 24 6.1.2 Detection through the recognition of indications of trafficking ................................. 24 6.1.3 Self-reporting ................................................................................................... 24 6.2 Systems in place to follow up on suspected cases of trafficking ............................... 25 6.2.1 Secondary assessment / identification .................................................................. 25 6.2.2 Suspension of the return order ............................................................................ 25 6.2.3 Alternative assessments in case of non-identification ............................................. 26 7 Training of officials in contact with potential victims of trafficking ............................ 26 7.1 Training to actors in international protection procedures ......................................... 26 7.2 Training of actors responsible for enforcing returns ................................................ 27 7.3 Providers of training and cooperation ................................................................... 27 8 Referral ............................................................................................................ 28 8.1 Possibilities for referral to assistance for victims in international protection procedures ....................................................................................................... 28 8.1.1 Provision of assistance without changes to procedure ............................................. 29 8.1.2 Provision of assistance through changes in procedure ............................................ 30 8.1.3 No referral is needed as protection and residence possibilities are assessed at the same time ........................................................................................................ 30 8.1.4 No referral is needed as third-country nationals can be granted international protection on grounds of trafficking in human beings ............................................. 31 8.2 Referral from forced return procedures ................................................................. 31 8.3 Mechanisms and tools for referral ........................................................................ 31 8.4 Tranfer of personal data ..................................................................................... 31 9 Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 32 Annex 1 Statistics .......................................................................................................... 35 Annex 2 Glossary ........................................................................................................... 37 Annex 3 Competent authorities ........................................................................................ 39 Synthesis Report – Identification of victims of trafficking in human beings in international protection and forced return procedures DISCLAIMER This Synthesis Report has been produced by the European Migration Network (EMN), which comprises the European Commission, its Service Provider (ICF GHK-COWI) and EMN National Contact Points (EMN NCPs). The report does not necessarily reflect the opinions and views of the European Commission, EMN Service Provider (ICF GHK-COWI) or the EMN NCP, nor are they bound by its conclusions. Similarly, the European Commission, ICF GHK-COWI and the EMN NCPs are in no way responsible for any use made of the information provided. The Focussed Study was part of the 2013 Work Programme for the EMN. EXPLANATORY NOTE This Synthesis Report was prepared on the basis of National Contributions from 24 EMN NCPs (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, Norway) according to a Common Template developed by the EMN and followed by EMN NCPs to ensure, to the extent possible, comparability. National contributions were largely based on desk analysis of existing legislation and policy documents, reports, academic literature, internet resources and reports and information from national authorities. Statistics were sourced from Eurostat, national authorities and other (national) databases. The listing of Member States in the Synthesis Report results from the availability of information provided by the EMN NCPs in the National Contributions. It is important to note that the information contained in this Report refers to the situation in the above-mentioned (Member) States up to and including 2013
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