DOCSLIB.ORG

Politeness in Cicero’S Correspondence Dana Roodenburg

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Politeness in Cicero’S Correspondence Dana Roodenburg ‘O mi iucundissime Cicero!’ An analysis of the use of the vocative and its relationship to politeness in Cicero’s correspondence Dana Roodenburg University of Amsterdam (UvA) Masterthesis Classics and Ancient Civilizations December 2017 Student number: 10301313 Under supervision of: mw. dr. R. Risselada Second assessor: mw. dr. L.W. van Gils Word count: 18417 Contents List of Tables 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: The vocative and politeness theory 8 1.1. The vocative: call and address 8 1.2. Politeness theory 10 1.3. Three forms of politeness 11 1.4. Approach and method 13 Chapter 2: The vocative and its forms 16 2.1. Nomen est omen: the use of names 16 2.2. Possessive pronouns: mi and noster 18 2.3. Emotions and Greek impressions: the particle ‘o’ 19 2.4. Kinship terms 20 2.5. Showing affection: adjectives and nouns 20 Chapter 3: The vocative and its functions 23 3.1. The vocative as discourse marker 23 3.2. The vocative as intensifier 25 Chapter 4: Politeness: a new vocative function 28 4.1. The vocative as an instrument of politeness 28 4.1.1. Problematic cases 41 4.2. Various degrees of politeness 46 4.2.1. Bare vocative vs. vocative with additions 46 4.2.2. The absence of the vocative 50 Conclusion 54 Bibliography 56 Appendices 59 2 List of Tables 1. Table I: Total number of vocatives per category 14 2. Table II: An example of various vocative forms, addressed to Atticus 15 3. Table III: Classification of letter (2) 15 4. Table IV: The use of names in Cicero’s correspondence 16 5. Table V: The use of mi and noster 19 6. Table VI: Adjectives and nouns in combination with a vocative 22 7. Table VII: Various vocative functions 27 3 Introduction On October 1st, 47 BC. Cicero, the famous Roman politician and lawyer, wrote the following letter to his wife Terentia (Fam. 14.20): (1) Scr. in Venusino Kal. Oct. an. 47 TVLLIVS S.D. TERENTIAE SVAE In Tusculanum nos venturos putamus aut Nonis aut postridie. Ibi ut sint omnia parata. Plures enim fortasse nobiscum erunt et, ut arbitror, diutius ibi commorabimur. Labrum si in balineo non est, ut sit; item cetera quae sunt ad victum et ad valetudinem necessaria. Vale. Kal. Oct. de Venusino. Near Venusia, 1 October 471 From Tullius to his dear Terentia greetings. I think I shall get to Tusculum either on the Nones or on the following day. Kindly2 see that everything there is ready. I may have a number of people with me, and shall probably make a fairly long stay there. If there is no tub in the bathroom, get one put in; likewise, whatever else is necessary for health and subsistence. Goodbye. Kalends of October, from the district of Venusia. Two things immediately stand out: first of all, certain conventional characteristics of Roman epistolography seem to be lacking. When writing a letter in antiquity, certain conventions were usually followed, such as the division of the text in three parts (‘opening’, ‘body’, ‘closing’), and the use of specific formulaic expressions (e.g. si vales bene est, ego valeo, alternately written as s.v.b.e.e.v. ‘If you are well, I am too’).3 In this quick scribble to his wife, however, Cicero apparently thought them unnecessary. This suggests that whether the writer 1 The Latin text and its translations are quoted on the basis of the Loeb edition (based on the Cambridge edition), (both) edited by Shackleton Bailey. 2 How blunt this request really is, is confirmed by Shackleton Bailey’s choice to add kindly to his translation of ibi ut sint omnia parata, of which there is no actual equivalent in the Latin. 3 Trapp (2003:4-5). 4 strictly followed these conventions or not was dependent on the relationship between himself and the addressee, as well as the circumstances in which the letter was written. Secondly, the absence of polite language and terms of endearment makes the reader wonder whether Cicero had any affection for his wife at all. Without attempting to conceal the true purpose of his letter or any form of blanditia,4 he asks his wife to ensure that everything is ready for his arrival at Tusculum in a very blunt way. Compare this to the next letter, in which Cicero presents himself as a loving and considerate husband: (2) Scr. Formiis ix Kal. Febr. an. 49 (Fam. 14.18) TVLLIVS TERENTIAE SVAE ET PATER SVAVISSIMAE FILIAE <ET> CICERO MATRI ET SORORI S.D.P. Considerandum vobis etiam atque etiam, animae meae, diligenter puto quid faciatis, Romaene sitis an mecum an aliquo tuto loco. Id non solum meum consilium est sed etiam vestrum. Mihi veniunt in mentem haec: Romae vos esse tuto posse per Dolabellam eamque rem posse nobis adiumento esse si quae vis aut si quae rapinae fieri coeperint; sed rursus illud me movet, quod video omnis bonos abesse Roma et eos mulieres suas secum habere. Haec autem regio in qua ego sum nostrorum est cum oppidorum tum etiam praediorum, ut et multum esse mecum et, cum aberitis, commode et in nostris esse possitis. Mihi plane non satis constat adhuc utrum sit melius. Vos videte quid aliae faciant isto loco feminae et ne, cum velitis, exire non liceat. Id velim diligenter etiam atque etiam vobiscum et cum amicis consideretis. Domus ut propugnacula et praesidium habeat Philotimo dicetis. Et velim tabellarios instituatis certos ut cottidie aliquas a vobis litteras accipiam. Maxime autem date operam ut valeatis, si non vultis valere. Viiii Kal. Formiis. CICERO TO TERENTIA AND TULLIA Formiae, 22 January 49 From Tullius to his dear Terentia, and her father to his darling daughter, and Marcus to his mother and sister best greetings. My dear hearts, I think you should yet again carefully consider what you are to do – whether you should stay in Rome or with me or in some place of safety. The decision is yours as well as mine. The points that occur to me are these: Thanks to Dolabella, you can stay in Rome safely, and your doing so might help us if there is any outbreak of violence or looting. But on the other hand, I am concerned when I observe that all honest men have left Rome and have their womenfolk with them. Moreover, this district where I am, is full of towns friendly to me and also of properties of mine, so that you could be with me a good deal, and when we are separated could live 4Blanditia, ae. f. 1. Ingratiating behavior or speech. 2. Blandishment(s), flattery. Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd edn, 2012). Cf. Hall (2009). 5 comfortably in places of our own. Frankly I have not yet made up my mind which is the better course. You must observe what other ladies of your rank are doing, and take care that when and if you do want to leave you don’t find the way barred. Do please consider the matter again together and with our friends. Tell Philotimus to see that the house is barricaded and guarded and please arrange reliable couriers, so that I get some sort of a letter from you every day. But your chief care must be for your health, if you want us to keep ours. 22nd, from Formiae. Apart from the size of the letter, the first thing that stands out is its tone. Genuinely concerned about the safety of his family, Cicero asks his wife and daughter to consider their options: either to stay in Rome or to join him at the countryside. The tone of the entire letter seems to be softened by certain words, such as the subjunctive velim used in the request at the end of the letter, and the vocative animae meae. Considered a Latin equivalent of the English ‘please’, classicists agree upon the use of velim as a politer way of saying you want something.5 The relationship between the use of the vocative and someone’s desire to convey politeness, however, has not yet received much attention in literature. Intent on making a significant contribution, the focus of this thesis will be on the use of the vocative in written conversation, and more specifically on the possible connection between the vocative and the concept of politeness in the epistolary exchanges of Cicero. For instance, how should we explain the use of the vocative animae meae in the second letter? Is it just Cicero’s way of showing his affection towards his family or is the vocative strategically placed to make up in advance for the imposition he is about to make? Or is it both affectionate and politeness-related? These are the type of questions this thesis will address. The epistolary genre provides interesting material for this type of research for a number of reasons. First of all, since epistolography is by its very nature less direct than spoken conversation, and often characterized by a different use of language, calling out to someone to get his/her attention - the most common function of the vocative in spoken interaction - does not seem to apply to this specific genre. Even though letters were usually dictated to scribes, Halla-aho (2011) rightly states that ‘it would be an oversimplification to think that when an educated person like Cicero dictated a letter, he would have produced colloquial language simply because he was using his vocal organs rather than his hand (cf. 5 As Dickey (2012) states, velim can be considered the Latin equivalent of the English I would like or the French je voudrais.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Latin Literature
    Latin Literature By J. W. Mackail Latin Literature I. THE REPUBLIC. I. ORIGINS OF LATIN LITERATURE: EARLY EPIC AND TRAGEDY. To the Romans themselves, as they looked back two hundred years later, the beginnings of a real literature seemed definitely fixed in the generation which passed between the first and second Punic Wars. The peace of B.C. 241 closed an epoch throughout which the Roman Republic had been fighting for an assured place in the group of powers which controlled the Mediterranean world. This was now gained; and the pressure of Carthage once removed, Rome was left free to follow the natural expansion of her colonies and her commerce. Wealth and peace are comparative terms; it was in such wealth and peace as the cessation of the long and exhausting war with Carthage brought, that a leisured class began to form itself at Rome, which not only could take a certain interest in Greek literature, but felt in an indistinct way that it was their duty, as representing one of the great civilised powers, to have a substantial national culture of their own. That this new Latin literature must be based on that of Greece, went without saying; it was almost equally inevitable that its earliest forms should be in the shape of translations from that body of Greek poetry, epic and dramatic, which had for long established itself through all the Greek- speaking world as a common basis of culture. Latin literature, though artificial in a fuller sense than that of some other nations, did not escape the general law of all literatures, that they must begin by verse before they can go on to prose.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Harvard Certamen Advanced Division Preliminary Rounds
    2019 HARVARD CERTAMEN ADVANCED DIVISION PRELIMINARY ROUNDS 1 2019 HARVARD CERTAMEN ADVANCED DIVISION ROUND 1 1. For the verb careō, give the perfect active infinitive. CARUISSE B1: Give the same form for cernō. CRĒVISSE B2: Change crēvisse to the future tense. CRĒTURUS/-A/-UM ESSE 2. Known in Latin as Vallum Aelium, what structure, begun in 122 A.D., served as the northern boundary of the Roman Empire until the construction of a fortification north of it 20 years later? HADRIAN’S WALL B1: What governor of Britannia supervised the construction of Hadrian’s Wall? (A.) PLATORIUS NEPOS B2: Immediately north of the wall was the territory of which Scottish tribe? PICTS 3. Listen carefully to the following passage from Augustus’s Res Gestae, which I will read twice, and answer the questions that follow in English: Annōs undēvīginti nātus exercitum prīvātō consiliō et prīvātā impensā comparāvī, per quem rem pūblicam ā dominātiōne factiōnis oppressam in libertatem vindicāvī … Populus autem eōdem annō mē consulem, cum consulēs uterque bellō cecidisset, et triumvirum reī pūblicae constituendae creāvit. The question: Augustus claims that he freed the republic from the oppression of what? (THE DOMINATION OF) A FACTION (from: rem pūblicam ā dominātiōne factiōnis oppressam) B1: Describe how Augustus mustered an army. WITH PRIVATE PLANS & PRIVATE EXPENSE(S) (from: exercitum prīvātō consiliō et prīvātā impensā comparāvī) B2: What tragedy led the Roman people to install Augustus as triumvir and consul? THE DEATH OF THE TWO CONSULS (IN WAR) (from: cum consulēs uterque bellō cecidisset) 4. Described by Donatus as tall, dark, and rustic, which Roman author studied under the Epicurean Siro, was nicknamed Parthenias for his social aloofness, and wrote works such as Bucolics and Georgics? VIRGIL / (P.) VERGILIUS MARO B1: In the Georgics, Virgil removes mention of what prefect of Egypt, who had fallen out of favor with Augustus? CORNELIUS GALLUS B2: In place of a panegyric to Cornelius Gallus, there is an epyllion concerning what mythological beekeeper? ARISTAEUS 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Tartu Ülikool Humanitaarteaduste Ja Kunstide Valdkond Ajaloo Ja
    Tartu Ülikool Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut Aare Kartau CICERO JA POLIITILINE VÕITLUS HILISES ROOMA VABARIIGIS Bakalaureusetöö Juhendaja: dotsent Mait Kõiv TARTU 2016 Sisukord Sissejuhatus ................................................................................................................................ 4 1. Cicero päritolu ja noorusaeg................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Nimest ........................................................................................................................... 11 1.3. Õpingud ja sõjaväeteenistus .......................................................................................... 11 1.4. Naine, ori, sõber, vend. ................................................................................................. 14 1.4.1 Terentia .................................................................................................................... 15 1.4.2 Tiro .......................................................................................................................... 17 1.4.3. Atticus .................................................................................................................... 18 1.4.4 Quintus .................................................................................................................... 19 2. Homo novus-ena poliitilisse ellu. Teekond konsuliks! ......................................................... 20 2.1. Kvestor
    [Show full text]
  • A Book Circle
    A BOOK CIRCLE Compiled by J. L. Herrera With special thanks to Peter Jones, Penny Parrish, Anita Clarkson, Rose Brown, Marie-France Sagot, Liz Field, Dawn Gregory, Margaret Burkett, Ken Herrera and Santi Mariso Introduction This book began as an overflow of ideas from A Writer’s Calendar and it uses the same format though I’ve reduced the number of names. But as it grew I realised it was not so much the result of recording in reasonably readable form the bits and pieces I’d been saving, chaotically, in exercise-books for years but an excuse to explore areas in which I might not have dared to tread a few years ago. My mother once said she hated receiving criticism but that upon reflection it was always worth having. I agree. But it also means that where once I would have hesitated to criticise anyone, unless they’d been dead for many years, I now feel I have an equal right to weigh into contemporary questions and debates and my thoughts, even if timid rather than profound, have the advantage of coming from a source that is often ignored except in those brief snippets where someone with a camera or a microphone goes out into the street and asks people what they are reading (and if anyone should happen to push a microphone under my nose it would be just my luck to be reading something terribly dull like my bus timetable or last week’s Mercury—). So here are not only more little mouthfuls but also some op-ed style pieces on which to browse.
    [Show full text]
  • Cicero's Presentation of Stoic Ethics in De Finibus Book
    “TOTAS PAGINAS COMMOVERE?” CICERO’S PRESENTATION OF STOIC ETHICS IN DE FINIBUS BOOK III By Ákos Brunner Submitted to Central European University Department of Philosophy In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy Supervisors: Professor Gábor Betegh Professor Brad Inwood (external) CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2010 CEU eTD Collection I hereby declare that this dissertation contains no materials accepted for any other degrees in any other institution or materials previously written and/or published by another person, unless otherwise noted. Budapest, 04.12.2010 …………………………………………………… Ákos Brunner CEU eTD Collection CEU eTD Collection ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Most of all I would like to thank my supervisor Gábor Betegh, without whose invaluable guidance, constant dedicated support and, at times, patience this work would never have been written. I am also deeply thankful to Brad Inwood for his kind encouragement and illuminating discussions on many subjects. It was during my unforgettable period of research in Toronto under his inspiring supervision that the basic ideas of my dissertation were conceived. Many thanks also to István Bodnár for helping me in many ways over the years. I would like to acknowledge the debt I owe to all my teachers and colleagues at the Department of Philosophy at CEU; I have greatly benefitted from the three years of study and coursework here. I also owe to the CEU – University of Toronto Exchange Program for enabling me to spend the fall term of 2005 at the University of Toronto, and to the TOPOI Excellence Cluster for granting me the opportunity to spend January and February of 2010 at Humboldt University of Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • Poggio Bracciolini and the Re(Dis)Covery of Antiquity: Textual and Material Traditions Proceedings of the Symposium Held at Bryn Mawr College on April 8-9, 2016
    Textual and Material and Traditions Textual Antiquity: of Poggio Bracciolini the and Re(dis)covery oggio Bracciolini and the Re(dis)covery ofP Antiquity: Textual and Material Traditions PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM HELD at Bryn Mawr College on April 8-9 2016 Edited by Roberta Ricci FIRENZE UNIVERSITY PRESS ATTI ISSN 2239-3307 (PRINT) | ISSN 2704-6230 (ONLINE) – 38 – ISI FLORENCE SERIES Editor-in-Chief Stefano Baldassarri, ISI Florence, Italy Scientific Board Erika Bianchi, ISI Florence, Italy Marino Biondi, University of Florence, Italy James Hankins, Harvard University, United States Francesca Marini, ISI Florence, Italy Giuseppe Mazzotta, Yale University, United States Fabrizio Meroi, University of Trento, Italy Sergio Zatti, University of Pisa, Italy Titoli già pubblicati Serena Baldini e David Marini, Vorrei. Corso di lingua italiana di livello elementare 1. Libro di testo e libro degli esercizi, 2016 Serena Baldini e David Marini, Vorrei. Corso di lingua italiana di livello elementare 1 e 2. Libro di testo e libro degli esercizi, 2019 Poggio Bracciolini and the Re(dis)covery of Antiquity: Textual and Material Traditions Proceedings of the Symposium Held at Bryn Mawr College on April 8-9, 2016 edited by Roberta Ricci with assistance from Eric L. Pumroy FIRENZE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2020 Poggio Bracciolini and the Re(dis)covery of Antiquity : Textual and Material Traditions : proceedings of the Symposium Held at Bryn Mawr College on April 8-9, 2016 / edited by Roberta Ricci with assistance from Eric L. Pumroy. – Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2020. (Atti ; 38) https://www.fupress.com/isbn/9788864539683 ISSN 2239-3307 (print) ISSN 2704-6230 (online) ISBN 978-88-6453-967-6 (print) ISBN 978-88-6453-968-3 (online PDF) DOI 10.36253/978-88-6453-968-3 Graphic design: Alberto Pizarro Fernández, Lettera Meccanica SRLs Front cover photo: Poggio Bracciolini, De nobilitate, ms.
    [Show full text]
  • 2008 10Th Anniversary Issue
    Vol. 17, No. 1, 2008, ISSN 1854-8466. 10th Anniversary issue Vol. 17, No. 1, 2008 TheWrite Stuff EMWA Executive Committee Journal insights President: TheWrite Stuff is the official publication of the European Medical Julia Forjanic Klapproth Writers Association. It is issued 4 times a year and aims to provide Trilogy Writing & Consulting GmbH EMWA members with relevant, informative and interesting articles and Falkensteiner Strasse 77 news addressing issues relating to the broad arena of medical writing. 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany We are open to contributions from anyone whose ideas can complement Tel.: (+49) 69 255 39511, Fax.: (+49) 69 255 39499 these aims, but opinions expressed in individual articles are those of the [email protected] authors and are not necessarily those held by EMWA as an association. Articles or ideas should be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief (see below) Vice President: or another member of the Editorial Board. Helen Baldwin SciNopsis 16 rue Candolle, Subscriptions 83600 Fréjus, France Subscriptions are included in EMWA membership fees. By writing to Tel: (+33) 494 83 90 20, Mobile: (+33) 662 37 91 36 [email protected] non-members can subscribe at an annual rate of: [email protected] • €35 within Europe • €50 outside Europe Treasurer: Wendy Kingdom Instructions for contributors 1 Red House Road • TheWrite Stuff typically publishes articles of 800–2800 words East Brent, Highbridge although longer pieces or those with tables or graphics will be considered. Somerset, TA9 4RX, UK • All articles are subject to editing and revision by the Editorial Board. Tel: (+44) 1278 769 214, Fax: (+44) 1278 769 214 [email protected] Any changes will be discussed with the author before publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Cicéron Bafouille
    Cicéron bafouille JEAN-FRANÇOIS GÉRAUD MAÎTRE DE CONFÉRENCES EN HISTOIRE CONTEMPORAINE CRESOI, UNIVERSITÉ DE LA RÉUNION « Hélas la vérité ne suffit pas. Souvent, c’est même la pire chose pour la défense d’une cause. C’est pour ça que nous avons la rhétorique. La beauté, le pouvoir des mots »1. Le rapprochement de ces deux termes semble relever de l'incongruité : comment Cicéron, l'orateur maître de son métier, le théoricien de l’éloquence et de ses ficelles, aurait-il pu bafouiller ? Ne sait-on pas au contraire qu'il a multiplié les discours, et, du moins les commentaires de ce terrifiant livre de chevet que furent les Lettres Latines2 nous l'affirment, qu'il remporta — presque — autant de succès qu'il prononça de plaidoiries ? Non, l'image d'un Cicéron bafouilleur nous semble une contrevérité, bien plus, elle relève de l’oxymore. Or c'est méconnaître une première réalité : parmi ses magnifiques discours, celui qui passe pour un modèle du genre, le Pro Milone3, écrit pour défendre le tribun Milon dans l'accusation du meurtre de Clodius, ne fut jamais prononcé ; car on ignore souvent cette seconde réalité : le jour de ce procès, au moment de plaider, déstabilisé par les huées de l’auditoire, Cicéron fut pris de bafouillement4. Ainsi, l'icône qui semblait, par la parole, avoir informé tous nos orateurs, du filandreux Lamartine à François Mitterrand, en passant par Gambetta, Jaurès, Clémenceau, Edgar Faure, s'effrite, et la république romaine, dont on sentait confusément qu’elle était l’aïeule de notre propre république, avoue ses faiblesses.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Imperium by Robert Harris Imperium by Robert Harris
    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Imperium by Robert Harris Imperium by Robert Harris. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. What can I do to prevent this in the future? If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. Cloudflare Ray ID: 658cbd6b8e97cb04 • Your IP : 188.246.226.140 • Performance & security by Cloudflare. Imperium PDF Book by Robert Harris (2006) Download or Read Online. Imperium PDF book by Robert Harris Read Online or Free Download in ePUB, PDF or MOBI eBooks. Published in September 19th 2006 the book become immediate popular and critical acclaim in historical, historical fiction books. The main characters of Imperium novel are Marcus Tullius Tiro, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. The book has been awarded with Booker Prize, Edgar Awards and many others. One of the Best Works of Robert Harris. published in multiple languages including English, consists of 480 pages and is available in Paperback format for offline reading. Imperium PDF Details. Author: Robert Harris Book Format: Paperback Original Title: Imperium Number Of Pages: 480 pages First Published in: September 19th 2006 Latest Edition: July 5th 2007 Series: Cicero #1 Language: English Generes: Historical, Historical Fiction, Fiction, Historical, Politics, Cultural, Italy, Thriller, Audiobook, Novels, Roman, Classics, Main Characters: Marcus Tullius Tiro, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, Marcus Licinius Crassus, Marcus Antonius, Publius Clodius Pulcher Formats: audible mp3, ePUB(Android), kindle, and audiobook.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Roman Literature, but Inas¬ Hilarius
    ^ - 7X/ZVra'XWP - V* ^ ■ , *, ^ V1 * ■A a ■>- * *5 2*. •* ^ C>v ■* , 'ismjr+r \ N V ' 0 a y o * x * A> C A^ 0>V v - - '<* ■ «,% .,0* *C°JL ^% ,%* 1 ^ a p oox r WvVs^ * V **•, * 'Zr ■>” .# % \ * *Vflf,v- ^ A * ' *r i?/, *,% - S' ■* ^ =>' ° 1 A> ^ ° V/ \vv> c. -, !* * P ^ ^ - \- A A * : A \ ss A o, ft ft ,\\ « V I « z, AV■ **/%"*1 >'.<• -st»<% v *• , / / . ■>* V a /T\ ''*■' v^ -1 ^ 7 *f* f * •* o o' « « <*- v , ^ E5pd^<^0 o A ’A - > A ^ * c °t *'* . o’° A ^ » aAoV ,CT ss*«. <V * S' x 0 ’ >#’ ❖ cv V *A < 0' > M \% *" V</> ,\V.0.V' QQ* av <$» ° WWW+ -v* ^ *• . ^,**., , . » _A A^K * V A *> '■ A >5'■' , V, ■4 «V ^ y. N rj* » <b 2> -A A V * ^ .»».ca * *'' a . >1 •« \ ,,'i*0^t»"‘, ^ ■ <..' • ^ ^ r\ (~, ■ A * j |i4 r- ^ A ♦ « ^ A « * AV ,J^. « * S A ''•If y 0 * X * AX /y y ss A 'xD * 0 « X /V^> cP- •bo' r«^l0L'. ^ > 'SmiSp* >rooi * \° ^ 5 ° ^ ^ ^ * .0 n 0 ^ A" y it o ^ ^ . # # I ' C »^A'0 s- *- *- k~* * bi MN 0 0<’ " *^'Vs ^ ' vS - ^O. \> A* (A ^ <» .c, O aV <%> a WMW* ^ ^ <X ^ A 4 oV ^ - - < » ^ •/0«x'i> A S' ' b a\V , V I ^ A1^,* 1 °o G0> ° J ‘ % % '* wv * / ."“ '-1 - ^ ^ v0 o^ /? i *w3l \ ^ n\v \00^ * V 0J ii‘ A v»aT>*\a \>rr~'V «v0> s-> s,^? ' 'f O \; « < 0 A > * 1 Ss * * / ^ A /jsfe\ % ^ a- *' * i ° v\^' ^ a ' v> "%■ » o \V ./> ^ A O' y„ . -fc Av ^ z ^ * «rvV ^ ^ ^ , 0 * V xir* * v * * * S A v| (V^ C° 0 « A* , *V A ” ■**-, ^ '^C/J/-ar 'f r\ fv y '^vS-’ <.
    [Show full text]
  • Greetings from the Chair
    Yale Department of Classics Summer 2019 Greetings from the Chair: I have been reflecting how much I enjoy this annual opportunity to review the activities of the department over the past year in the quiet of early Summer. The helter-skelter of the academic year does not allow much time to sit around admiring each other’s achievements or the steady, unsung work that goes into teaching, mentorship, and collegiality, but the fruits of this work are everywhere apparent. Uppermost in my mind are the successes of this year’s graduating class, whose achievements we celebrated at a Commencement reception on May 20th. Ten Senior Classics majors graduated this May: Christopher Bracken, Daniel Flesch, Sam Lee, Flora Lipsky, Katie Liptak, Daphne Martin, Caderyn Owen Jones, Katie Shy, Lucy Western, and Connor Wood. We will miss the unstoppable creativity, Classics majors Lina Kapp (’20) and Samir Al-Ali (’21) field questions laughter, and serious brilliance that they brought to their from the audience before the start of Novice Finals studies. Their immediate careers post-Yale are as manifold as their talents, including High School teaching, a Light Philology Day on April 11th-12th on the theme of “The Fellowship in China, a Mellon Fellowship at Cambridge Counsel of Bookworms: Constructions of the Book in University, Journalism, and Law School. Imperial Greek Writing.” This two-day event involved On the graduate side, congratulations are due to presentations in the Beinecke from Dexter Brown, Kyle Drs. Rachel Love, Cynthia “Cara” Polsley, and Jennifer Conrau-Lewis, Erynn Kim, Joe Morgan, and Sylva Weintritt, who received their Ph.D.
    [Show full text]