DOCSLIB.ORG

Understanding the Combustion Chemistry of Siloxanes: Reaction Kinetics and Fuel Interactions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Understanding the Combustion Chemistry of Siloxanes: Reaction Kinetics and Fuel Interactions Understanding the Combustion Chemistry of Siloxanes: Reaction Kinetics and Fuel Interactions by Rachel A Schwind A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Mechanical Engineering) The University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee: Professor Margaret S. Wooldridge, Chair Professor Johannes W. Schwank Dr. Robert S. Tranter, Argonne National Laboratory Professor Angela Violi i Rachel Schwind [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0116-3894 © Rachel Schwind 2019 i Dedication: “To those who saw the potential in me when I didn’t and those who reminded me to breathe when I forgot how.” ii Acknowledgements The following is the result of just over four years of work which would not have been possible to complete on my own. Whether it be through technical insights or support and friendship, many individuals have contributed to the success of this work. First, I would like to thank my advisors, Professor Margaret Wooldridge and Dr. Robert Tranter, for supporting me in all of my research endeavors both technical and educational. Both have been immensely supportive of my career goals and helped put me in situations to help best prepare me for the next steps. While both of them encourage me to push myself technically, they have also been sure to encourage me to pursue a healthy work life balance and cultivate my myriad of interests outside of research. I could not have asked for a better advisors to support my technical and professional growth. I cannot think them enough for their candid insights and generous support over the years. Additionally, I would like to thank Professor Johannes Schwank and Professor Angela Violi for serving on my committee. Their support of this work has been greatly appreciated and their insights have been valuable in recognizing ways to frame this research in the broader community as well as carry it forward. Further, I would like to thank Dr. Raghu Sivaramakrishnan for his guidance and contributions to the model development. I don’t know how I would have survived the past few years without the support and friendship of my current and former labmates. Dr. Mohammad Fatouraie, Dr. Scott Wagnon, Dr. Cesar Barraza Botet and Dr. Andrew Mansfield served as amazing teachers to help get me started on my research journey at UM. Dr. Dimitris Assanis, Dr. Ripudaman Singh, Dr. Luis iii Gutierrez, Mario Medina and Miles Burnett served as great colleagues and friends and I owe them thanks for the many insightful conversations whether it be bouncing around technical ideas or discussing the latest happenings in sports and fitness or contemplating politics and philosophy. I also owe many thanks to the amazing staff in the ME department from the wonderful ASO teams (both administrative and academic) to the amazing ME-IT staff. A special thank you to both Matt Navarre and Matt Jastrzembowski for their help through the renovation headaches and lab flood crisis. Everyone’s positive attitudes and support has made the UM ME department a great place to work and provided some breaks and smiles during the occasionally long and grueling days. Additionally, a thank you to my colleagues at Argonne for helping me always feel welcome and a part of the community. Especially my officemates, Dr. John Randazzo and Dr. Travis Sikes, for their help in working through ideas and also comradery during my stays at ANL. A further thank you to the larger Gas Phase Chemical Dynamics Group and support staff for always making me feel welcome at ANL and the many lively discussions over lunch and coffee. I owe special thanks to my various gym families over the years who have helped me find a stress relieving outlet no matter where I happen to be. From the lifting group at the UM Rec centers to my boxing family at Bodyshot, I have always had a welcoming place to unwind and clear my head. Finally, I can’t thank my family and friends enough for their support and understanding over this time. There were many ups and downs throughout this process and you all were there to make sure I made it through them all whether it was joining in celebration or offering a shoulder to lean on. To my Ann Arbor friends who became family, I owe immense thanks for all the love iv and support. To the friends made along my travels, a thank you for being a source of support and laughs no matter where we find ourselves. To the friends who have been around since before we were old enough to vote, an earnest thank you for being a source of never ending love and support no matter how far apart we are. To my family, thank you for always being there and putting up with my crazy schedules and stress. I am fortunate to have such an amazing and loving support system for which I will be eternally grateful. I could not have accomplished this without it. Funding Acknowledgements: This work has been generously funded by various agencies including the University of Michigan, University Turbine Systems Research program under National Energy Technologies Laboratory, National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences award DE-SC0019184 and based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) program which is administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) for the DOE by ORAU under contract number DE-SC0014664. Additionally, this research used resources of the Advanced Light Source, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under contract no. DE-AC02- 05CH11231. v Table of Contents Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... ix List of Appendices ...................................................................................................................... xiii Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... xiv Chapter 1: Combustion of Organosilicon Compounds ..............................................................1 1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1 2. Biogas Applications .................................................................................................................3 3. Siloxane Chemistry ..................................................................................................................5 4. Citations ...................................................................................................................................7 Chapter 2: Effects of Organosilicon Compounds on Syngas Auto-ignition Behavior.............9 1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................9 2. Methods ..................................................................................................................................12 2.1 Rapid Compression Facility Experiments ...................................................................12 2.2 Theoretical Calculations for HMDSO .........................................................................14 3. Results ....................................................................................................................................15 3.1 Rapid Compression Facility Experimental Results .....................................................15 3.2 Theoretical Calculation Results ...................................................................................20 4. Discussion ..............................................................................................................................24 5. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................29 6. Citations .................................................................................................................................29 Chapter 3: Shocktube Pyrolysis of Organosilicon Compounds ..............................................32 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................32 2. Methods ..................................................................................................................................34 2.1 Shocktube Facilities .....................................................................................................34 vi 2.1.1 Diaphragmless Shocktube .............................................................................34 2.1.2 High Repetition Rate Shocktube ...................................................................35 2.2 Laser Schlieren.............................................................................................................39 2.3 Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry..............................................................................42 2.3.1 DFST TOF-MS Experiments ........................................................................46
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chlorotrimethylsilane
    Chlorotrimethylsilane Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit Gezondheidsraad Voorzitter Health Council of the Netherlands Aan de Staatssecretaris van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid Onderwerp : Aanbieding adviezen over Chloortrimethylsilaan en Butylacetaten Uw kenmerk : DGV/MBO/U-932542 Ons kenmerk : U 2173/AvdB/tvdk/459-D35 Bijlagen : 2 Datum : 15 november 2001 Mijnheer de Staatssecretaris, Bij brief van 3 december 1993, nr. DGV/BMO-U-932542, verzocht de Staatssecretaris van Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Cultuur namens de Minister van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid om gezondheidskundige advieswaarden af te leiden ten behoeve van de bescherming van beroepsmatig aan stoffen blootgestelde personen. Per 1 januari 1994 heeft mijn voorganger daartoe een commissie ingesteld die de werkzaamheden voortzet van de Werkgroep van Deskundigen (WGD). De WGD was een door de genoemde Minister ingestelde adviescommissie. Hierbij bied ik u - gehoord de Beraadsgroep Gezondheid en Omgeving - twee publicaties aan van de commissie over chloortrimethylsilaan en butylacetaten. Deze publicaties heb ik heden ter kennisname aan de Minister van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport en aan de Minister van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer gestuurd. Hoogachtend, w.g. prof. dr JA Knottnerus Bezoekadres Postadres Parnassusplein 5 Postbus 16052 2511 VX Den Haag 2500 BB Den Haag Telefoon (070) 340 75 20 Telefax (070) 340 75 23 Chlorotrimethylsilane Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit report of the Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards, a committee of the Health Council of The Netherlands to the Minister and State Secretary of Social Affairs and Employment No. 2001/05OSH, The Hague, 15 November 2001 The Health Council of the Netherlands, established in 1902, is an independent scientific advisory body.
    [Show full text]
  • Benzoic Acid
    A Publication of Reliable Methods for the Preparation of Organic Compounds Working with Hazardous Chemicals The procedures in Organic Syntheses are intended for use only by persons with proper training in experimental organic chemistry. All hazardous materials should be handled using the standard procedures for work with chemicals described in references such as "Prudent Practices in the Laboratory" (The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2011; the full text can be accessed free of charge at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12654). All chemical waste should be disposed of in accordance with local regulations. For general guidelines for the management of chemical waste, see Chapter 8 of Prudent Practices. In some articles in Organic Syntheses, chemical-specific hazards are highlighted in red “Caution Notes” within a procedure. It is important to recognize that the absence of a caution note does not imply that no significant hazards are associated with the chemicals involved in that procedure. Prior to performing a reaction, a thorough risk assessment should be carried out that includes a review of the potential hazards associated with each chemical and experimental operation on the scale that is planned for the procedure. Guidelines for carrying out a risk assessment and for analyzing the hazards associated with chemicals can be found in Chapter 4 of Prudent Practices. The procedures described in Organic Syntheses are provided as published and are conducted at one's own risk. Organic Syntheses, Inc., its Editors, and its Board of Directors do not warrant or guarantee the safety of individuals using these procedures and hereby disclaim any liability for any injuries or damages claimed to have resulted from or related in any way to the procedures herein.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.455,998 B2 Brandstadt Et Al
    US007455998B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.455,998 B2 Brandstadt et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 25, 2008 (54) METHODS FOR FORMING STRUCTURALLY 2004/OO7781.6 A1 4/2004 Brandstadt et al. DEFINED ORGANIC MOLECULES FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS CA 2422600 * 3f2OO2 (75) Inventors: Kurt Friedrich Brandstadt, WO WO 90,09446 A 8, 1990 Frankenmuth, MI (US); Thomas WO WO 02/22842 A1 3, 2002 Howard Lane, Midland, MI (US); John WO WOO3/O542O5 A2 T 2003 C. Saam, Midland, MI (US); Joseph C. OTHER PUBLICATIONS McAuliffe, Sunnyvale, CA (US) J.N. Cha et al. “Silicatein Filaments and Subunits From a Marine Sponge Direct the Polymerization of Silica and Silcones. In vitro'. (73) Assignees: Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, PNAS 96: 361-365. (Jan. 1999).* MI (US); Genencor International, Inc., 1997 Sigma Catalog, pp. 652-653.* Palo Alto, CA (US) Bassindale et al., Enzyme-catalysed siloxane bond formation, Jour nal of Inorganic Biochemistry, May 21, 2003, pp. 401–406, Elsevier (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Inc. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Fattaklhova et al., Fermentative Hydrolysis of the Silicon-Oxygen Bond, Access Russia, Inc. pp. 100-105. U.S.C. 154(b) by 480 days. Nishino et al., Enzymatic silicon oligomerization catalyzed by a lipid-coated lipase, The Royal Society of Chemistry 2002, pp. 2684 (21) Appl. No.: 10/791.951 2685. Bassindale et al., Biocatalysis of Siloxane Bonds, Polymer Preprints (22) Filed: Mar. 3, 2004 2003, 44(2), pp. 570-571. Bassindale et al: "Siloxane Biocatalysis. Polymer Preprints.” Mid (65) Prior Publication Data Mar.
    [Show full text]
  • Siloxanes in Biogas: Approaches of Sampling Procedure and GC-MS Method Determination
    molecules Article Siloxanes in Biogas: Approaches of Sampling Procedure and GC-MS Method Determination Grzegorz Piechota GP CHEM, Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, Legionów 40a/3, 87-100 Toru´n,Poland; [email protected] Abstract: A new approach of siloxane sampling based on impinger, micro-impinger, adsorption on active carbon, and direct TedlarBag methods followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for the analysis of three linear (L2–L4) and four cyclic (D3–D5) volatile methyl siloxanes (VMSs). Three kinds of organic liquid-medium characterized by different polarities, namely acetone, methanol, and d-decane as siloxanes trap were arranged in the experiment which is widely discussed below. Thus, the GC-MS equipped with SUPELCOWAX-10 capillary column was employed to perform monitoring of VMS content in the analyzed biogas samples originating from landfill, wastewater treatment plants, and agriculture biogas plants. In all samples that have undergone the analysis, cyclic and linear VMSs were found in quantities exceeding 107.9 and 3.8 mg/m3, respectively. Significant differences between siloxanes concentrations depending on biogas origin were observed. Moreover, the high range of linearity (0.1 to 70.06 mg/m3), low LoD (0.01 mg/m3), low LoQ (0.04 mg/m3), and high recovery (244.1%) indicate that the procedure and can be applied in sensitive analyses of silica biogas contaminants. In addition to the above, the impinger method of sampling performed better than active-carbon Tube and TedlarBag, particularly for quantifying low concentrations of siloxanes. Overall, the evaluation of sampling methods for biogas collection simplified the analytical procedure by reducing the procedural steps, avoiding the Citation: Piechota, G.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Silanol
    Electronic Journal of Biotechnology E-ISSN: 0717-3458 [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Chile Kim, Yun-mi; Farrah, Samuel; Baney, Ronald H. Silanol - A novel class of antimicrobial agent Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 9, núm. 2, abril, 2006, pp. 176-180 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=173313794012 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Electronic Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 0717-3458 Vol.9 No.2, Issue of April 15, 2006 © 2006 by Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso -- Chile Received July 18, 2005 / Accepted September 12, 2005 DOI: 10.2225/vol9-issue2-fulltext-4 TECHNICAL NOTE Silanol - A novel class of antimicrobial agent Yun-mi Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Tel: 1 352 846 3793 Fax: 1 352 846 3355 E-mail: [email protected] Samuel Farrah Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Tel: 1 352 392 5925 Fax: 1-352 392 5922 E-mail: [email protected] Ronald H. Baney* Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Tel: 1 352 846 3785 Fax: 1 352 846 3355 E-mail: [email protected] Financial support: Air force Research Lab. Keywords: antimicrobial agents, bacteria, biocide, silanols. Abbreviations: cfu: Colony Forming Units.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrolysis of Polydimethylsiloxane Fluids in Controlled Aqueous Solutions
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256201018 Hydrolysis of polydimethylsiloxane fluids in controlled aqueous solutions Article in Water Science & Technology · August 2013 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.308 · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 10 1,323 6 authors, including: Gaëlle Ducom Baptiste Laubie Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon University of Lorraine 26 PUBLICATIONS 615 CITATIONS 30 PUBLICATIONS 138 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Claire Chottier Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon 7 PUBLICATIONS 18 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: H2S emissions in sewer systems View project Agromine des terres rares View project All content following this page was uploaded by Vincent Chatain on 01 July 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction or distribution or commercial use. This article was originally published by IWA Publishing. IWA Publishing recognizes the retention of the right by the author(s) to photocopy or make single electronic copies of the paper for their own personal use, including for their own classroom use, or the personal use of colleagues, provided the copies are not offered for sale and are not distributed in a systematic way outside of their employing institution. Please note that you are not permitted to post the IWA Publishing PDF version of your paper
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Scope of the Risk Evaluation for D4
    Public Comment Draft – Do Not Cite or Quote EPA Document# EPA-740-D-21-001 August 2021 United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Draft Scope of the Risk Evaluation for Octamethylcyclotetra- siloxane (Cyclotetrasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8-octamethyl-) (D4) CASRN 556-67-2 August 2021 Public Comment Draft – Do Not Cite or Quote TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................6 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................9 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................12 2 SCOPE OF THE EVALUATION ...................................................................................................13 2.1 Reasonably Available Information ..............................................................................................13 Search of Gray Literature ...................................................................................................... 14 Search of Literature from Publicly Available Databases (Peer-Reviewed Literature) .......... 14 Search of TSCA Submissions ................................................................................................ 24
    [Show full text]
  • UV Chemistry and Mitigation of Siloxane
    48th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2018-284 8-12 July 2018, Albuquerque, New Mexico UV Chemistry and Mitigation of Siloxane Lance Delzeit1. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035 and ChaKaria J. Hunter2 KBR Wyle, Moffett Field, CA, 94035 The presence of dimethylsilanediol (DMSD) within the water supply of the International Space Station (ISS) causes issues with the Water Processing Assembly (WPA). It can degrade the WPA catalytic reactor’s effectiveness and cause the early replacement of Multifiltration Beds. The DMSD is believed to be a decomposition product of siloxanes which are condensed into the water system with the humidity condensate. This paper presents the ultraviolet (UV) gas phase photochemistry of siloxanes under both long and short wavelength UV radiation, and high energy electron bombardment. The results of this study showed that the siloxanes reacted into progressively larger and more complex moieties which eventually formed large non-volatile components which included their attachment to various accessible surfaces. Nomenclature Ar = Argon m = meter C = Carbon MF = Multi-filtration ca. = calculated MMST = monomethylsilanetriol Cd = Cadmium nm = nanometer DMSD = dimethylsilanediol O = Oxygen Dn = A cyclic Siloxane with n Si atoms OH = Hydroxyl group GCMS = Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry ppb = parts per billion (by mass) H = Hydrogen atom ppm = parts per million (by mass) Hg = Mercury psi = pounds per square inch HS = Head Space SEM = Scanning Electron Microscopy ID = Inner diameter Si = Silicon ISS = International Space Station TMS = trimethylsilyl IUPAC = International Union of Pure and TOC = Total Organic Carbon Applied Chemistry ul = microliter J = Joules UV = Ultraviolet radiation kJ = kilojoules WPA = Water Processing Assembly Kr = Krypton Xe = Xenon Ln = A linear Siloxane with n Si atoms Zn = Zinc 1 Physical Scientist, Bioengineering Branch, and Mail Stop 239-15.
    [Show full text]
  • Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS)1 OSPAR Commission 2004
    Hazardous Substances Series ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS)1 OSPAR Commission 2004 1 OSPAR 2007 agreed to deselect Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) from the List of Chemicals for Priority Action (OSPAR 07/24/1, §8.3). OSPAR Commission, 2004: OSPAR background document on hexamethyldisiloxane ____________________________________________________________________________________________ The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (the “OSPAR Convention”) was opened for signature at the Ministerial Meeting of the former Oslo and Paris Commissions in Paris on 22 September 1992, The Convention entered into force on 25 March 1998. It has been ratified by Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom and approved by the European Community and Spain. La Convention pour la protection du milieu marin de l'Atlantique du Nord-Est, dite Convention OSPAR, a été ouverte à la signature à la réunion ministérielle des anciennes Commissions d'Oslo et de Paris, à Paris le 22 septembre 1992. La Convention est entrée en vigueur le 25 mars 1998. La Convention a été ratifiée par l'Allemagne, la Belgique, le Danemark, la Finlande, la France, l’Irlande, l’Islande, le Luxembourg, la Norvège, les Pays-Bas, le Portugal, le Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord, la Suède et la Suisse et approuvée par la Communauté européenne et l’Espagne. © OSPAR Commission, 2004. Permission may be granted by the publishers for the report to be wholly or partly reproduced in publications provided that the source of the extract is clearly indicated. © Commission OSPAR, 2004. La reproduction de tout ou partie de ce rapport dans une publication peut être autorisée par l’Editeur, sous réserve que l’origine de l’extrait soit clairement mentionnée.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals and the Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards 129
    nr 2002:2 The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals and The Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards 129. Chlorotrimethylsilane Hans Stouten, Fons Rutten, Iris van de Gevel and Flora de Vrijer Nordic Council of Ministers arbete och hälsa | vetenskaplig skriftserie isbn 91-7045-630-5 issn 0346-7821 http://www.niwl.se/ National Institute for Working Life The National Institute for Working Life is Sweden’s national centre for work life research, development and training. The labour market, occupational safety and health, and work organi- sation are our main fields of activity. The creation and use of knowledge through learning, information and documentation are important to the Institute, as is international co-operation. The Institute is collaborating with interested parties in various develop- ment projects. The areas in which the Institute is active include: • labour market and labour law, • work organisation, • musculoskeletal disorders, • chemical substances and allergens, noise and electromagnetic fields, • the psychosocial problems and strain-related disorders in modern working life. ARBETE OCH HÄLSA Editor-in-chief: Staffan Marklund Co-editors: Mikael Bergenheim, Anders Kjellberg, Birgitta Meding, Bo Melin, Gunnar Rosén and Ewa Wigaeus Tornqvist © National Institut for Working Life & authors 2002 National Institute for Working Life S-112 79 Stockholm Sweden ISBN 91–7045–630–5 ISSN 0346–7821 http://www.niwl.se/ Printed at Elanders Gotab, Stockholm Preface An agreement has been signed by the Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Standards (DECOS) of the Health Council of the Netherlands and the Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals (NEG).
    [Show full text]
  • Silanol - a Novel Class of Antimicrobial Agent
    Electronic Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 0717-3458 Vol.9 No.2, Issue of April 15, 2006 © 2006 by Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso -- Chile Received July 18, 2005 / Accepted September 12, 2005 DOI: 10.2225/vol9-issue2-fulltext-4 TECHNICAL NOTE Silanol - A novel class of antimicrobial agent Yun-mi Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Tel: 1 352 846 3793 Fax: 1 352 846 3355 E-mail: [email protected] Samuel Farrah Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Tel: 1 352 392 5925 Fax: 1-352 392 5922 E-mail: [email protected] Ronald H. Baney* Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Tel: 1 352 846 3785 Fax: 1 352 846 3355 E-mail: [email protected] Financial support: Air force Research Lab. Keywords: antimicrobial agents, bacteria, biocide, silanols. Abbreviations: cfu: Colony Forming Units. MLC: Minimum Lethal Concentration. Recently, a significant amount of attention has been Various types of biocides are used in antiseptics and directed toward development of novel classes of biocides disinfectants to inhibit or destroy selective bacteria or other because of the potential for microbial contamination microorganisms (McDonnell and Russell, 1999). On the and infection risks to military personnel and in the basis of their activity against microbes, antimicrobial agents general population. We have recently discovered a new can be classified into two groups, bacterialcidal and and unexpected class of powerful biocides based upon sporocidal. Quaternary ammonium compounds and compounds derived through simple chemistry from alcohols are frequently used as bacterialcidal.
    [Show full text]
  • Organosilicons in the Marine Environment
    UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME GESAMP: Organosilicons in the marine environment UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 78 Prepared in co-operation with ~ ~ . \'t ~ .~ II Uti ~ ~ ~~M) /ff {~) ~ ~ 1Y ~ ~ ~ ~ United• Nations FAD .UNESCO -WHO •WMO IMO IAEA UNEP 1986 ~hio ~"''""""'''- C.ao b>en <"""''"'ecl i>)" ln~ .bJ,,c ~''"ui' o[ "X~e,-t, on l!w Sdentitic. "">""C'" of l!adno P~ll"tlv.1 (G"Snl'l spm••on•rl 0, lhc Hn; t.ed ~•t>On•, Un i ted •~lion" """' •'"""""t PCOE'"""··· (lm"P) , Food ~M Ao;o·icultu,., Or;;•,.;_<~l.icn of th~ lfnit-·<1 ""'ti""" (PM), United H~li""' ""'"'"''"""'· sci«o\Jf>e_ •nd ~'uiturol <)cgwization {UNESCo), WurlU Health Oc~o,.;_<~Cion (~'liO), wnclrl He<eOt•o!o&iool ucoanizatl~n (o-11101. fntem•t1onal !<~.-iti"" O,.,;ani<"! "'n III§O\ and lHL••ro"'-'""·d Moc.io Onergy At"""Y (l~""J uo6er ~rojc·c••· ,-,.,010! B'>-05 "'·'' eo;0],11 '-'-03 n,• Oe~iouoCJ.cn• "'-'Pio;o~•J '"""the '"""~OLahw of Ch~ m•tecial ;., thcs oloeum~nt ""not i"'l'lY the- •'"Pces.io" o( any ""'"'"" "hat•oeoe,, "" ""' part of t"" '""·"'izations , . ., "ponsc-rin" <;~SAiiP concern>n~ \h" leeal "'"'-'" vf '"J Stote, Tct-cit.o,y, cd} ,,, a'""' or of lto ""thc-H>e<, o~ """"'''""'" tloe ddi .. >ltatior. of its h-..." I .or• or ooundari•o. 'Lho Mc•-nt """'-"'"" the "'"~" exprecoe~ o, ._..,.,.,.t_o .>e'-inf, ;., "'"'' ln·Ji~)rlual cc•podti~s. awl '"·'Y not nec~oesrily c_,,rrr;pflnd w•C.h ihr ne~c QC C.ho w~nsori"~ "'"""i~~l oon' Thi" cloou<"'"' hdC abo> '""'" ioou•'~ by WHO ln 1986 as GESt.HP (!MO/f-'0/Um'"CO,".m(>/IAO>IOI/IU~ep Jo<nt G'O<'P nt Exp<'>(" ou u"' Scm\\ if;< h''f''-"'" of H•riuc !'Dllutiu"), ll.·o>ew of pot~nitally ho<mt<d subo\onc,•<- Orgono,,);c_nn Co,,,ounds (Sil""'" and Sll""'"~"J­ Re~orb an<l 0\wll,s, GOOAHP.
    [Show full text]