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The Full Article Is Available for Download Here Faith in Business Quarterly Journal Volume 12 No.1 17 Faith, Work and Economic Life by Philip Giddings Faith, Work and Economic Life (GS Misc 890B) is copyright © The Archbishops’ Council 2008 and is reproduced by permission Philip Giddings he General Synod of the Church of England at York this year debated a Tmotion from St. Alban’s Diocese as follows: “That this Synod: a) affirms daily work as essentially a spiritual activity; b) recognises the importance of Christian values within economic life; c) requests the Mission and Public Affairs Council to examine the engagement of the Church of England with the economic sector in this country and to present its findings to Synod” Philips Giddings, as Chair of the Mission and Public Affairs Council of the Church of England, presented this background paper to the Synod in advance of the debate. 1. Introduction activities in the wider Church Board for Social Responsibility entitled, Church and Economy: 1.1 The Mission and Public which address the economic Effective Industrial Mission for the Affairs Council welcomes this sector and people’s working lives. 1990s – itself a follow-up to the motion from the St Albans 1.2 Because economic issues BSR document, Industrial Mission: Diocesan Synod which highlights touch so many aspects of life and An Appraisal which was the report an important area of work within society, many recent Synod of a working party chaired by the Council’s remit. If passed, it debates on public affairs have had Bishop Peter Selby when he was offers the MPA Council an an economic dimension. There Bishop of Kingston. opportunity to evaluate its own have also been important debates engagement with the economic on equipping the laity for mission 1.4 In 1997, the Council of sector; to consider the impact of and ministry which are relevant Churches for Britain and Ireland, with significant Church of economic issues and working life to this motion. on the Church’s mission; to work England input, published the with colleagues in Christian adult 1.3 Synod last addressed the major report Unemployment and education to consider how people Church’s structures for mission the Future of Work which included can be equipped for discipleship at in the economy in July 1989 when a substantial amount of material work, and to map the numerous it debated a report from the on the nature and theology of 18 Faith in Business Quarterly Journal Volume 12 No.1 work. The General Synod debated impact of East European embrace all these activities is this report in July 1997. The migration to Britain; likely to be inadequate, yet the report was produced by an c) Continuing decline in considerable differences between ecumenical working party to manufacturing, mining and them militate against which Mr Andrew Britton acted agricultural jobs and the rise of straightforward generalisations. as Secretary, and it was followed the service sector; All these activities are highly up by a collection of essays d) The impact of significant in the economy and all developing further the theological regeneration programmes on contribute profoundly to human implications.1 the shape of local labour well being. In the debate on Unemployment markets and jobs; 2.2 The location where work and the Future of Work, the motion e) Falling levels of takes place is no more useful as a before Synod included the clause: unemployment from the mid- way of defining what is meant by That this Synod …. 1990s to 2008 – and the “work”, since homeworking (paid (b) re-affirm the Christian unknown impact of the current employment carried out in a understanding of work as a sharing economic downturn; person’s home) is a major feature in God’s creativity, and a means to f) The impact of the of the workforce in both the human flourishing and service to others. Minimum Wage, and the upper and lower remuneration continuing numbers of brackets. A definition of “work” vulnerable workers; and “the workplace” is, perhaps, best approached in relational g) The shift towards more terms – times and places where entrepreneurial models and people enter into relationships of methods in the public and obligation to each other in order voluntary sectors; to achieve shared goals which h) The impact of Information contribute to economic activity. and Communications But it needs to be recognised that Technology on patterns of definitions in this field are, at best, work and the shape of of limited usefulness. University of York, where the Synod was held workplaces; i) Differing interpretations of 2.3 The Christian tradition has 1.5 However, since those “labour market flexibility”, never been satisfied with debates, the context has changed ranging from casualisation and understandings of work which considerably. Whilst a paper of insecurity to family-friendly are limited to economic activity in this nature cannot hope to do work practices and many other any narrow sense. Prayer and justice to all the factors which are aspects of flexibility; worship have often been changing the experience of work understood as part of humanity’s j) “portfolio working” taking in society, below is a list of ten proper work, just as work can be developments which represent the place of “jobs for life”, or even “one job at a time”. understood as part of humanity’s both a deepening of long- worship of God. This is important standing trends and a number of 2. What is “Work”? as it affirms the nature of prayer new phenomena : 2.1 Studies of “work” often and worship as acts of giving as a) Increasing inequality of struggle with definitions in order well as receiving. In contemporary reward between the top and to express the differing social culture, this is an important bottom of the workforce, and roles of, for example, corrective to the consumeristic the changes in the equation entrepreneurship, paid view that religion is merely about between risk and reward; employment, structured benefits for the participants. This b) Increased global migration, volunteering, home-making and places Christian views of work at including the free movement of childcare. Any definition of work odds with the predominant labour within the EU and the which does not, in some way, materialist, cultural understandings. Faith in Business Quarterly Journal Volume 12 No.1 19 3. Work as a Spiritual celebrated (and differentiated work is an expression of Activity from rest on the seventh day). discipleship and enacting God’s Second, in the gospels we see that will for the world. Whilst the 3.1 One has only to look at the God became incarnate in Jesus term may be used specifically of dis-spiriting aspects of unfulfilling who was brought up in the home vocations to ordained ministry or or badly organised work to of a carpenter, and that He called the religious life, ‘vocation’ is recognise the profoundly spiritual His disciples from among the often used much more broadly of dimensions of the ways in which a calling to particular jobs or people work today. Good work – professions such as teaching or work which is good both in its medicine. As a church we need ends and in its methods – not to do more exploration of the only contributes to the spiritual uses of the word “vocation”. We well-being of individuals but also need to think through the affects the relational and implications for Christians and community dimensions of others who find their working spiritual living. lives to be at odds with their 3.2 All economic activity, and discipleship or impossible to all work, is relational. From the Christ in the Carpenter’s Shop square with a sense of God’s call. entrepreneur whose activity Georges de la Tour (1645) 3.7 If human work has so creates work for others, to the much spiritual potential, it follows worker in manufacturing or the fishermen. We also see that the that badly ordered work can be public sector, to the mother with work of others, such as tax profoundly spiritually destructive. children, the volunteer or the collectors and publicans, which In our own culture and worldwide solitary who prays alone – all was regarded as a source of there is a great deal of “bad their work is, or can be, at an shame, can nonetheless be work” which is either directed to important level, directed to the redeemed. In the Gospels, many unworthy ends or so poorly good of others. The ends to of Jesus’ parables are framed managed and regulated that which work is directed are around the working lives of people are harmed by it. This is therefore a reflection of the many ordinary people. not just a factor affecting the ways, seen and unseen, in which poor and vulnerable: the spiritual 3.5 In these and other ways, the Spirit’s life finds expression in consequences of how work is the Biblical account tells us that people’s relationships with one ordered can be felt for good and human work both has the another. for ill among all strata of the potential for enabling us to workforce.2 3.3 Christians will also find in participate in the creative activity their work an opportunity for of God and, at the same time, 3.8 Living Christian values at discipleship. In the Bible we find that work is tainted by sin and work is not always a work presented as both blessing can lead us away from God. This straightforward enterprise. To and curse. Whilst there is no shows us that there is nothing begin with, there are important space here to offer a inherently salvific – or damning – questions to explore about the comprehensive theological about human work: it is the ‘morality of the market’ - the approach to work, there are purposes to which we direct it tension between the frequently several important points we can that give it ethical and spiritual asserted ‘value-neutral’ nature of briefly note.
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