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The Europeanisation of Czech Parties' Election Manifestos Review To the article “The Europeanisation of Czech Parties’ Election Manifestos Review- ing the 2013 Chamber of Deputies Elections” published in CEJISS Volume 9, Issue 2. The correct affiliation of the author is: Jan Kovár, Ph.D., Associate Research Fellow, Institute of International Relations, Nerudova 3, Praha 1 - Malá Strana, 118 50 & Lecturer, Department of International Relations and European Studies, Metro- politan University Prague, Dubecská 900/10, Praha 10 – Strašnice, 100 31, kovar@ evropskehodnoty.cz. © cejiss 2015 cejiss acts as a forum for advanced exploration of international and security studies. It is the mission of cejiss to provide its readers with valuable resources regarding the current state of inter- national and European relations and security. To that end, cejiss pledges to publish articles of only the highest calibre and make them freely available to scholars and interested members of the public in both printed and electronic forms. editor in chief Mitchell Belfer pr & editorial support Daniela Zordová executive editor David Erkomaishvili assistants Sabina Domaskina (Research and Development Assistant) Nikol Chumová (Assistant) associate editors Imad El-Anis, Jean Crombois, Bryan Groves, Jason Whiteley Yulia Zemlinskaya Hana Bredikova (Media Consultant), Tomas Zboril (Communications Assistant) academic centre Nigorakhon Turakhanova (Advisor), Adisa Avdić (Book Review Editor) Lenka Kumpanova (Managing Director of Submissions) media hub Martin Novak (Media Director), Jay Nemec (Web Design and Support) Simona Bartovicova (Web Support), Laziz Omilov (Assistant) language editing Debra Shulkes editorial board Benjamin R. Barber (Honorary Chair), Javaid Rehman, Ilan Danjoux Ibrahim A. El-Hussari, Efraim Inbar, Francesc Morata, Boris Popesko, Evan N. Resnick Cristian Nitoiu, Charles Robinson, Michal Romancov, Marat Terterov Yuliya Zabyelina, Natalia Piskunova, Gary M. Kelly, Kyle Atwell, Ladislav Cabada Harald Haelterman, Nik Hynek, Petr Just, Joachim Krause, David R. Marples Karel B. Müller, Suresh Nanwani, Tomas Pezl, Nicole Gallina, Nelli Babayan Benjamin R. Barber, Muhammad Atif Khan, Salvador Santino F. Regilme, Jr., Mils Hills Marek Neuman, Francesco Guimelli, Alica Kizekova, Adam Reichardt, Victor Sharduski Central European Journal of International & Security Studies C/o Metropolitan University Prague Dubečská 900/10, 100 31, Prague, Czech Republic Tel.: +420 724 587 171, Fax: +420 274 817 190, [email protected] cejiss is published by Metropolitan University Prague Press Printed in the eu issn: 1802-548x e-issn 1805-482x cejiss is not responsible for the contents of any external hyperlinks. The views expressed in this issue are solely those views of the respective authors and do not represent those of cejiss and its boards. Contents Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2015 Editor’s 6 Borders in the Americas Analysis Research 9 From Imagined Communities to Bordered Societies? Articles Bordering Processes in the Americas in the Late 20th and Early 21st Centuries Kateřina Březinová 23 The Body as Border? Using Arizona’s SB1070 to Rethink the Spatiality of the US-Mexico Border Leila Whitley 42 Rethinking the Borders in Latin America and the Clash of Social Imaginaries The Impact of Intercultural Universities on Indigenous Autonomy Zuzana Erdösová 58 A Place without Frontiers? Changes and Continuities in Interethnic and Power Relations in the Southwest Amazon in the 19th Century Louise de Mello 78 Operation MANUEL When Prague Was a Key Transit Hub for International Terrorism Michal Zourek 100 So Far from God, So Close to the US Current Dynamics of Mexican Migration to the United States Lucia Argüellová 120 Understanding the Borders of Authentic Healing from Gambling Addiction among the Western Apache Daniela A. Pěničková 136 Emigration and Displacement in Ciudad Juárez, México Rodolfo Cruz-Piñeiro and María Inés Barrios de la O 154 On Border and On Murder The Juárez Femi(ni)cides Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová 175 The Nature of Separatism and Its Weak Reverberations in the Americas Jaume Castan Pinos The Editor in Chief of cejiss, mitchell Belfer, welcomes a guest intro- duction on: Borders in the Americas Towards the end of the 20th century, the circumstances of globaliza- tion led, as Sassen put it, to ‘novel assemblages of territory, authority and rights.’1 Enhanced by a larger context of the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the ideological barriers, the decade of 1990s seemed to suggest that borders had lost their importance. The world had ap- parently entered the era of “de-bordering”. However, while the processes of globalisation and movement of goods, persons and capital seemingly rendered borders less effective, they continued to have acute relevance as a source of identification for citizens, or as territorial frameworks for action by national govern- ments. The importance of borders was once again put to the forefront in the early 21st century by the tragic events New York and Washing- ton, as well as those in Madrid and London, and most recently Paris. The practice of bordering has, ever since, become gradually dominated by security concerns, as well as by the adoption of enhanced migration policies focusing on the control of unwanted human mobility. What is being contested is not only the issue international borders, but also inner societal borders of ethnicity, class and/or religion. The ambition of the present volume is to contribute to a boom- ing field of border-related research by focusing on the region of the Americas. This area is, indeed, highly relevant for a comprehensive understanding of bordering processes. Reasons abound both in past and present days: in the early 19th century, different regions of the Western hemisphere pioneered the decolonisation process by claiming their independence from Spain, an effort accompanied by processes of the nation-building and border demarcation. In the late 19th century, the influential concept of the American bor- derlines as a threshold between ‘civilization’ and ‘savagery’ was formu- lated by the North American historian Frederick Jackson Turner. In an effort to emancipate the history of the United States from the discur- sive models of European historiography, Turner pointed out the signif- 6 icance of the Western frontier for shaping the American identity. He perceived the frontier as ‘hither edge of a free land,’ an advancing line of settlement upon the no-man’s land – in explicit contrast to Europe, where, in his understanding, the frontiers have been ‘fortified bounda- ry lines ruing through dense populations’ (image not altogether true).2 Guest Turner’s thesis received enthusiastic response at home and abroad, Introduction and in the decades following, several attempts were made to transfer his frontier model to different geographical areas such as South Amer- ica, Australia or Russia, or, in the case of Walter Prescott Webb, upon the whole process of European colonial expansion.3 In early 21st century, the 3.000 kilometres long international border between the us and Mexico epitomises most of the bordering practices nowadays, as well as different processes of human mobility. Ever since the tragic events in September 11, 2001, the so-called “securitisation” paradigm monopolised the public and media discourse, as well as pol- icy development relating to this border. These have tended to lump together issues of migration, terrorism, and organised crime. In this volume, analysis of the current situation is set against the scholarship on earlier border processes with regards to the Americas. Several case studies concerning contemporary dynamics along the border between the us and Mexico (R. Cruz Piñeiro, L. Argüellová, L. Whitley, T. Jiroutová Kynčlová) follow the first batch of texts delving into colonial and societal aspects of bordering processes in the variety of locations ranging from the Amazon to the us and Mexico (L. de Mello, D. Pěničková, Z. Erdösová). The analysis of the ideological im- pact of the Cold War over bordering practices is taken into considera- tion (M. Zourek). These eight studies are bracketed by two theoretical reflections: opening with the analysis of the contemporary bordering practices in the Americas (K. Březinová), and concluding with the scrutiny concerning the relationship between secessionism and the principles of territorial integrity, self-determination and legitimacy (J. Castan Pinos). What comes across from both historical and present day reflections of different authors in this volume is the conviction that redefining what a state border actually is, where it is located and how it is to be enforced has become crucial. The ultimate challenge is how to maintain the borders open and societies communicating, while keeping them secure. mateřina Březinová, markéta Křížová 7 The editors wish to acknowledge the support of the Czech Ministry of Ed- ucation, Youth and Sport in 2015 (Institutional Support for Research and Development No. 34-3), which made possible the preparation of the articles relating to the issue on the Borders in the Americas. cejiss 3/2015 Notes 1 Saskia Sassen (2008), ‘Neither Global nor National: Novel Assemblages of Territory, Authority and Rights,’ Ethics and Global Politics 1:61-79, available at: < http://www.columbia.edu/~sjs2/neitherglobalnornational_Sassen. pdf> (accessed 04 August 2015). 2 Frederick Jackson Turner, ‘The Significance of the Frontier in American History’, Annual Report of the American Historical Association 1893, pp. 199- 227; further elaboration of the concept in Walker D.
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