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Audi Vs. BMW – on the Physical Heterogeneity of German Luxury Cars
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Audi vs. BMW – On the Physical Heterogeneity of German Luxury Cars Vistesen, Claus Global Economy Matters, Copenhagen Business School 18 December 2009 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19516/ MPRA Paper No. 19516, posted 22 Dec 2009 08:51 UTC Audi vs. BMW – On the Physical Heterogeneity of German Luxury Cars Working Paper 03-09 Claus Vistesen [email protected] and www.clausvistesen.squarespace.com MSc. Applied Economics and Finance Copenhagen Business School JEL: L62 Key words: luxury cars, BMW, Audi, pure characteristics demand models Database can be obtained by contacting the author through the e-mail above 1 Audi vs BMW – On the Physcial Heterogenity of German Luxury Cars Claus Vistesen Abstract This paper uses Logit and Probit regressions to test for and quantify the physical heterogeneity between German luxury cars. Using a matched sample database, the binary response variable consisting of Audis and BMWs is fitted to a matrix of physical characteristics such as power, torque, fuel consumption, engine displacement etc. The results indicate that having a forced induction engine (e.g. turbo) is associated with a 51% lower probability of observing a BMW and that increasing fuel consumption by 1 liter per 100km lowers the probability of observing a BMW with 61%. The results are discussed in relation to the idea that consumers may not differentiate across luxury products on the basis of physical characteristics and how this may introduce a bias with respect to predicting demand in the context of available market data. 1.0 Introduction The idea that you can take some of the most arcane tools of the economist’s toolbox and apply them directly to the unstable and complex reality of the real world remain a difficult aspiration in most contexts. -
BMW M Motorsport Presents the New BMW M4 GT3.Pdf
BMW Corporate Communications For Release: Immediate Contacts: Bill Cobb BMW of North America Motorsport Press Officer 215-431-7223 (cell) / [email protected] Oleg Satanovsky BMW of North America Product and Technology Spokesperson 201-414-8694 (cell) / [email protected] Thomas Plucinsky BMW of North America Motorsport Communications 201-406-4801 (cell) / [email protected] BMW M Motorsport presents the new BMW M4 GT3 • Newest addition to BMW Motorsport’s Customer Racing program. • Based on new M4 Competition Coupe. • Eligible for 2022 IMSA WeatherTech GTD and SRO GT Classes • $530,000 excluding shipping. • Competition Package available for $55,000. Woodcliff Lake, N.J. – June 2, 2021…BMW Motorsport is proud to announce the new state-of-the-art BMW M4 GT3 customer race car based on the recently launched 2021 M4 Competition Coupe. Powering the new Coupe is the P58 3.0-liter inline-6-cylinder M TwinPower Turbo engine producing up to 590 hp. The BMW M4 GT3 will retail for $530,000 in the US (excl. shipping). The Competition Package adds $55,000 and includes additional headlights, backlit door numbers, TPMS with 8 sensors, spring and brake pedal travel measurement systems, BOSCH CAS-M rear-view camera radar system, an additional set of rims, and one day of training on the BMW M Motorsport M4 GT3 simulator. In North America, the BMW M4 GT3 will be eligible to compete in the GT Daytona and GT Daytona Pro classes of the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, as BMW Corporate Communications well as the GT class of the SRO Fanatec GT World Challenge America powered by AWS and SRO GT America powered by AWS series. -
Audi A3 E-Tron BMW I3 & I3s BMW 330E** BMW X5 Xdrive40e BMW 530E Xdrive Chevrolet BOLT Chevrolet VOLT Chrysler Pacifica Hybr
Program administered by the New Car Dealers Association of BC on behalf of the Province of BC. Visit www.cevforbc.ca to learn more about clean energy vehicle incentives available to BC residents for 32 eligible vehicles. Follow us on Twitter @cevforbc and Instragram @cevforbc For events and test drives, follow us on Facebook facebook.com/emotivebc Electric vehicles (EVs) displaying If you have an old car you want to scrap, all vehicles an official decal are allowed in high qualify for additional incentives through the BC occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes in BC. Scrap-It Program: www.scrapit.ca. Audi A3 e-tron BMW i3 & i3s BMW 330e** MSRP $40,900* MSRP $51,500 MSRP $52,200 PHEV Electric Range: 26km BEV/ER-EV Electric Range: 183km PHEV Electric Range: 23km Full Range: 605km Full Range: 183-303km Full Range: 556km CEVforBCTM Incentive: $2,500 CEVforBCTM Incentive: $5,000 CEVforBCTM Incentive: $2,500 BMW X5 xDrive40e BMW 530e xDrive Chevrolet BOLT MSRP $74,950 MSRP $66,000 MSRP $44,095 PHEV Electric Range: 23km PHEV Electric Range: 25km BEV Electric Range: 383km Full Range: 863km Full Range: 572km TM TM TM CEVforBC Incentive: $5,000 CEVforBC Incentive: $2,500 CEVforBC Incentive: $2,500 Chevrolet VOLT Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid Ford Fusion Energi MSRP $38,995 MSRP $51,745 MSRP $36,588 ER-EV Electric Range: 85km PHEV Electric Range: 53km PHEV Electric Range: 35km Full Range: 676km Full Range: 911km Full Range: 982km CEVforBCTM Incentive: $5,000 CEVforBCTM Incentive: $5,000 CEVforBCTM Incentive: $2,500 Ford Fusion Energi Special Service Honda Clarity -
Water Outlet Housing Water Pipe
AUDI WATER PIPE ADP-001 ADP-002 ADP-003 #OE： 026121065-2 #OE： 026121065-1 #OE： 026121065D Model： AUDI 80 Model： AUDI 80 Model： AUDI 80 '88- ADP-004 ADP-005 ADP-006 #OE： 026121065B #OE： 048121065D #OE： 072121081B Model： AUDI 80 '87- Model： AUDI 80 '92- Model： AUDI 100 WATER OUTLET ADO-001 ADO-002 #OE： 037121145F-1 #OE： 037121145F Model： AUDI '80- Model： AUDI '80- HOUSING ADH-001 ADH-002 ADH-003 028121144M 037121132G #OE： 028121132 #OE： 028121145C #OE： 030121133K AUDI 80 A6 A4, Model： Model： Model： AUDI 80, A6, AUDI 100 80 A6, VW PASSAT CABRIOLET SEAT TOLEDO AUDI HOUSING ADH-004 ADH-005 ADH-006 #OE： 058121132A #OE： 030121121B #OE： 055121121F Model： AUDI, SKODA, VW Model： AUDI, VW, SEAT Model： AUDI, VW, SEAT ADH-007 ADH-008 ADH-009 06B121121 068121144 06A121133C #OE： 038121121B #OE： 068121145Q #OE： 06A121132A Model： AUDI A6, A4 Model： AUDI 80 Model： AUDI, VOLKSWAGEN ADH-010 #OE： 06B12111K Model： AUDI, VOLKSWAGEN BMW WATER PIPE BWP-001 BWP-002 BWP-003 #OE： 11 53 1 714 738 #OE： 11 53 1 706 969 #OE： 11 12 1 264 600 Model： BMW M40 Model： BMW M40 Model： BMW M20 E34 BWP-004 BWP-005 #OE： 11 12 1 717 432 #OE： B11 121 740 396 Model： BMW M50 Model： BMW M20/M50/M52 WATER OUTLET BWO-001 BWO-002 BWO-003 #OE： 1265058 #OE： 1722853 #OE： 11 53 1 720 173 Model： BMW E28/E34 Model： BMW Model： BMW E34 HOUSING BWH-001 BWH-002 BWH-003 11531722531 #OE： 11531722853 #OE： 11531740478 #OE： 11531709232 Model： BMW Model： BMW Model： BMW BMW HOUSING BWH-004 BWH-005 BWH-006 11531739752 #OE： 11531739755 #OE： 11531739208 #OE： 11531743200 Model： BMW 3 Model： BMW 3 Model： BMW 3 BWH-007 BWH-008 BWH-009 #OE： 11537829959 #OE： #OE： Model： BMW Model： BMW Model： BMW MERCEDES BENZ WATER OUTLET BZO-001 BZO-002 BZO-003 #OE： R104 203 02 74 #OE： 103 200 01 17 #OE： 102 200 04 17 Model： M. -
MAX BMW FAQ's
MAX BMW FAQ’s It looks like your online fiche sells a set of 4 bolts for $.65. Is this correct? The price on our website is for EACH item. The quantity shown for each part tells you what is required on the bike in the area that the diagram is covering. Kits and sets are only sold if this is the way that BMW sells them to us. Why do you require a VIN to use your microfiche? We do not require the use of your VIN to access our microfiche, but do recommend it. If you have it, it helps pinpoint your exact model keeping you from possibly selecting the incorrect model or production range. If your bike is not a U.S. model, we highly recommend that you use your VIN to get into the fiche as the website only displays U.S. models if you do not. Do you ship overseas? Yes we do ship worldwide! All international orders are accepted through our website. We accept payment by PayPal. If you only have a credit card, you can use it through a PayPal transaction. Another option is bank wire transfers. There is an additional $25.00 charge if you want to pay by this method. Please email us for information on this. I need my parts fast. What’s the fastest way I can get my parts? Use the Express Ordering option upon checkout. If you order before 2.30pm EST, the parts that are not in stock will be expedited from BMWNA to MAX BMW and should arrive the following business day. -
Review of Advancement in Variable Valve Actuation of Internal Combustion Engines
applied sciences Review Review of Advancement in Variable Valve Actuation of Internal Combustion Engines Zheng Lou 1,* and Guoming Zhu 2 1 LGD Technology, LLC, 11200 Fellows Creek Drive, Plymouth, MI 48170, USA 2 Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 December 2019; Accepted: 22 January 2020; Published: 11 February 2020 Abstract: The increasing concerns of air pollution and energy usage led to the electrification of the vehicle powertrain system in recent years. On the other hand, internal combustion engines were the dominant vehicle power source for more than a century, and they will continue to be used in most vehicles for decades to come; thus, it is necessary to employ advanced technologies to replace traditional mechanical systems with mechatronic systems to meet the ever-increasing demand of continuously improving engine efficiency with reduced emissions, where engine intake and the exhaust valve system represent key subsystems that affect the engine combustion efficiency and emissions. This paper reviews variable engine valve systems, including hydraulic and electrical variable valve timing systems, hydraulic multistep lift systems, continuously variable lift and timing valve systems, lost-motion systems, and electro-magnetic, electro-hydraulic, and electro-pneumatic variable valve actuation systems. Keywords: engine valve systems; continuously variable valve systems; engine valve system control; combustion optimization 1. Introduction With growing concerns on energy security and global warming, there are global efforts to develop more efficient vehicles with lower regulated emissions, including hybrid electrical vehicles, electrical vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. Hybrid electrical vehicles became a significant part of vehicle production because of their overall efficiency, and they still pose a significant cost penalty, resulting in a stagnant market penetration of 3.2% and 2.7% in 2013 and 2018, respectively, in the United States (US), for example [1]. -
BMW Group Pressclub
BMW Media The new BMW M3 Sedan and Information BMW M3 Competition Sedan. 09/2020 Page 1 The new BMW M4 Coupé and BMW M4 Competition Coupé. Short version. 35 years after the first BMW M3 took to the stage, BMW M GmbH is presenting the latest generation of its high-performance sports cars at the premium end of the midsize class. The new BMW M3 Sedan (fuel consumption combined: 10.8 l/100 km (26.2 mpg imp); CO2 emissions combined: 248 g/km), new BMW M3 Competition Sedan (fuel consumption combined: 10.2 l/100 km (27.7 mpg imp); CO2 emissions combined: 234 g/km), new BMW M4 Coupé (fuel consumption combined: 10.8 l/100 km (26.2 mpg imp); CO2 emissions combined: 248 g/km) and new BMW M4 Competition Coupé (fuel consumption combined: 10.2 l/100 km (27.7 mpg imp); CO2 emissions combined: 234 g/km) elevate their unmistakeable combination of track-optimised performance and supreme everyday usability to a whole new level. The market launch of the new high-performance cars will get underway in March 2021. Like their distinct vehicle concepts – one a sedan with space for up to five occupants, the other a four-seat coupé – the range of available powertrain options also offers customers unusually generous scope for configuring the cars to their personal requirements. The new BMW M3 Sedan and new BMW M4 Coupé are fitted with a six-cylinder in-line engine with M TwinPower Turbo technology, whose 353 kW/480 hp is channelled to the rear wheels via a six-speed manual gearbox unique in its segment. -
CDR® Vehicle List
® CDR Vehicle List CDR Software 19.5 Important Information about Vehicle Coverage The Bosch Crash Data Retrieval Software and Hardware Bosch takes all reasonable actions to ensure the CDR product products support the retrieval of crash data from vehicles supports all vehicles in the markets specified in this and other listed below. CDR product documentation. However, there may be some vehicles listed that the CDR system is unable to retrieve EDR Many vehicles listed in this document include coverage notes data from. This may be caused by (but not limited to) which may indicate limitations in CDR product coverage. Make information that was not available to Bosch at the time the sure that you read the coverage notes included below. For product was developed or, EDR retrieval may be available only more detailed coverage information and/or limitations, refer to on vehicles with particular options. the CDR software help file. Module Abbreviations: ACM: Airbag Control Module, ASCM: Active Safety Control Module, PCM: Powertrain Control Module, PPM: Pedestrian Protection Module, ROS: Rollover Sensor, Module Year Make Model Important Coverage Notes Market Supported 2021 Acura RDX ACM US, Canada 2021 Acura TLX ACM US, Canada 2020 Acura ILX ACM US, Canada 2020 Acura MDX ACM US, Canada 2020 Acura NSX ACM US, Canada 2020 Acura RDX ACM US, Canada 2020 Acura RLX ACM US, Canada 2020 Acura TLX ACM US, Canada 2019 Acura ILX ACM US, Canada 2019 Acura MDX ACM US, Canada 2019 Acura NSX ACM US, Canada 2019 Acura RDX ACM US, Canada 2019 Acura RLX ACM US, Canada -
CO2 Emissions from New Passenger Cars in Europe: Car Manufacturers’ Performance in 2019
BRIEFING © 2020 INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLEAN TRANSPORTATION AUGUST 2020 CO2 emissions from new passenger cars in Europe: Car manufacturers’ performance in 2019 Prepared by: Uwe Tietge, Peter Mock, Jan Dornoff This briefing paper provides an overview of CO2 emission levels of new passenger cars in the European Union (EU) in 2019 based on a preliminary dataset recently released by the European Environment Agency (EEA).1 The dataset showed that new cars sold in the EU in 2019 had average CO2 emissions of 122 g CO2/km, 1 g/km higher than in 2018, as measured over the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). As a follow-up to the previous year’s briefing,2 this paper details manufacturer performance in terms of CO2 emissions reduction, fuel type and technology trends, and market share. The paper focuses on differences between Member States, as well as between the major car makers. It also discusses flexible compliance mechanisms and presents data on the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP). The preliminary EEA dataset used in this briefing has yet to be validated. The final dataset will be published at the end of 2020, so the specific values used in this report may change. The preliminary data for 2019 should, however, provide relatively reliable results.3 The ICCT will review the final European emissions data in the next edition of the European Vehicle Market Statistics Pocketbook.4 www.theicct.org 1 European Environment Agency, “Monitoring of CO2 Emissions from Passenger Cars – Regulation (EU) 2019/631 —European Environment Agency,” Data, June 26, 2020, https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/co2- [email protected] cars-emission-18. -
Bosch Brakes, Oxygen Sensors, Ignition Coils, & Filters Automotive
Bosch Brakes, Oxygen Sensors, Ignition Coils, & Filters Automotive Aftermarket North America New Product Communication | July 2014 Product Category Bosch QuietCast™ Brake Pads Overview Robert Bosch LLC, the leading Bosch Blue Brake Pads manufacturer and supplier to both the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) New Million Units and aftermarket, announces the addition 34 Numbers 5.3 in Operation of 47 new part numbers. The featured product lines for July are Bosch brakes, oxygen sensors, ignition coils, and filters. Hardware kit included on selected applications Thirty-four new brake pad sets are Late model coverage on Asian, Domestic, now being added to the QuietCast™ and Bosch Blue Brake Pad lines. These European vehicles additions expand coverage for Asian, Domestic and European vehicles. From the gasoline systems group, four new OE-fit oxygen sensor part numbers Bosch Oxygen Sensors are being added, offering coverage for 10.9 million new Domestic and Asian New Million New vehicles in operation. The new numbers 4 10.9 include two Wideband A/F sensors. Numbers Vehicles Bosch Oxygen Sensors are a NASCAR Performance Product and are on every 2 Wideband A/F sensors car in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series for 2014. True direct fit sensors July also brings four new Bosch ignition coils. These part number additions cover Asian and Domestic applications Asian, Domestic and European vehicles that may no longer be under service warranty but are exceptional candidates for serviceability in the IAM (Independent Bosch Ignition Coils Aftermarket). The Bosch filter group is releasing 2 New Million New Premium Oil Filters; 1 Distance Plus and 4 Numbers 2.3 Vehicles 2 Workshop oil filters to fit many 2014 Ford, Subaru and GM cars and trucks. -
NCIC Vehicle Model Codes Sorted by Make
NCIC Vehicle Model Codes Sorted by Make MakeCode Model Code ACAD Beaumont Series ACAD Canso Series ACAD Invader Series ACUR Integra ACUR Legend ACUR NSX ACUR Vigor ALFA 164 ALFA 2600 Sprint ALFA 2600 Spider ALFA Alfetta GT ALFA Arna ALFA Berlina ALFA Duetto ALFA GTV6 2.5 ALFA Giulia Sprint ALFA Giulia Spider ALFA Giulietta ALFA Giulia ALFA Alfa GT6 ALFA GT Veloce ALFA Milano ALFA Montreal ALFA Spider Series ALFA Zagato AMER Alliance AMER Ambasador AMER AMX AMER Concord AMER Eagle AMER Encore AMER Gremlin AMER Hornet AMER Javelin AMER Marlin AMER Matador AMER Medallion AMER Pacer AMER Rambler American AMER Rambler Classic AMER Rebel AMER Rambler Rogue AMER Spirit AMER Sportabout ASTO DB-5 ASTO DB-6 ASTO Lagonda ASTO Vantage ASTO Volante Page 1 of 22 NCIC Vehicle Model Codes Sorted by Make MakeCode Model Code ASUN GT ASUN SE ASUN Sunfire ASUN Sunrunner AUDI 100 AUDI 100GL AUDI 100LS AUDI 200LS AUDI 4000 AUDI 5000 AUDI 850 AUDI 80 AUDI 90 AUDI S4 AUDI Avant AUDI Cabriolet AUDI 80 LS AUDI Quattro AUDI Super 90 AUDI V-8 AUHE 100 Series AUHE 3000 Series AUHE Sprite AUST 1100 AUST 1800 AUST 850 AUST A99 & 110 AUST A40 AUST A55 AUST Cambridge AUST Cooper "S" AUST Marina AUST Mini Cooper AUST Mini AUST Westminster AVTI Series A AVTI Series B BENT Brooklands BENT Continental Convertible BENT Corniche BENT Eight BENT Mulsanne BENT Turbo R BERO Cabrio BERO Palinuro BERO X19 BMC Princess BMW 2002 Series BMW 1600 Page 2 of 22 NCIC Vehicle Model Codes Sorted by Make MakeCode Model Code BMW 1800 BMW 200 BMW 2000 Series BMW 2500 Series BMW 2.8 BMW 2800 -
European Commission
C 268/18 EN Offi cial Jour nal of the European Union 14.8.2020 PROCEDURES RELATING TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPETITION POLICY EUROPEAN COMMISSION Prior notification of a concentration (Case M.9572 – BMW/Daimler/Ford/Porsche/Hyundai/Kia/IONITY) Candidate case for simplified procedure (Text with EEA relevance) (2020/C 268/06) 1. On 7 August 2020, the Commission received notification of a proposed concentration pursuant to Article 4 of Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 (1). This notification concerns the following undertakings: — BMW AG (‘BMW’, Germany), — Daimler AG (‘Daimler’, Germany), — Ford Motor Company (‘Ford’, USA), — Dr Ing. h.c. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft (‘Porsche’, Germany). Porsche is part of the Volkswagen Group, — Hyundai Motor Company (‘Hyundai’, South Korea), which indirectly controls Kia Motor Corporation (‘Kia’, South Korea). Hyundai and Kia (together ‘Hyundai’) both belong to the Hyundai Motor Group (South Korea). BMW, Daimler, Ford, Porsche and Hyundai acquire within the meaning of Article 3(1)(b) and Article 3(4) of the Merger Regulation joint control of the whole of IONITY Holding GmbH & Co. KG (‘IONITY’, Germany), a full function joint venture established in 2017 by BMW, Daimler, Ford and Porsche. The concentration is accomplished by way of purchase of shares. 2. The business activities of the undertakings concerned are: — for BMW: is globally active in the development, production and marketing of passenger cars and motorbikes. BMW and its affiliates also provide financial services for private and business customers,