Journal of the Australasian Cave and Karst Management Association No. 108 September 2017 Australia Post- Print Post Approved: PP381624/02050. ISSN 1835-5374 Published Quarterly The ACKMA Journal ACKMA Inc. OFFICE BEARERS 2017-18 Official Publication of the Australasian Cave and President Karst Management Association Incorporated Dale Calnin Email:
[email protected] Published quarterly in March, June, September and New Zealand Vice President December Neil Collinson Email:
[email protected] The opinions expressed in the ACKMA Journal are those of the individual authors and not necessarily Australian Vice President those of ACKMA Inc. or its officers. Andy Spate Email:
[email protected] EDITOR: Steve Bourne Executive Officer SUB EDITORS: Tony Culberg, Andy Spate John Brush Email:
[email protected] Photos taken by the authors or editor unless Treasurer otherwise acknowledged. Tony Culberg Email:
[email protected] PRINTER: Hansen Print, Smith Street, Naracoorte, South Australia 5271. Publications Officer and ASF Liaison Officer Ph: (08) 87623699 Steve Bourne Email:
[email protected] ACKMA Inc. is cross affiliated or otherwise Committee Member associated with: Scott Melton Email:
[email protected] Australian Speleological Federation, New Zealand Committee Member Speleological Society, Australasian Bat Society, The WCPA Working Group on Cave and Karst Jodie Anderson Email:
[email protected] Protection, Guiding Organisations Australia, Bat Committee Member Conservation International, American Cave Conservation Association, International Show Ann Augusteyn Email:
[email protected] Caves Association, Cave Diving Association of Australia, The Malaysian Karst Society, The Webmaster Jenolan Caves Historical & Preservation Society Rauleigh Webb Email:
[email protected] and the USA National Speleological Society Cave Conservation and Management Section International Affairs Officer LIFE MEMBERS of ACKMA Inc.