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Tema Hukum Internasional (Bulan Keempat) Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol.1. No.1 (April 2020) Tema/Edisi : Hukum Internasional (Bulan Keempat) https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/ i Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol.1. No.1 (April 2020) Tema/Edisi : Hukum Internasional (Bulan Keempat) https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/ Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Volume 1 Nomor 1 (April 2020) Tema Hukum Internasional (Bulan Keempat) Pemimpin Umum : Ivan Drago, S.H. Editorial : Fazal Akmal Musyarri, S.H. Desain : Jacky Leonardo Kontributor : Amadda Ilmi Amanda Eugenia Soeliongan Danang Wahyu Setyo Adi Dwi Imroatus Sholikah Jodie Jeihan, dkk. Kandi Kirana Larasati dkk. Misbachul Munir dkk. Moh. Roziq Saifulloh Tasya Ester Loijens Distribusi : Guardino Ibrahim Fahmi Liavita Rahmawati Moch. Adrio Fahrezi Moh. Haris Lesmana M. Rizky Andika P. Redaksi Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Klinik Hukum Rewang Rencang Jl. Borobudur Agung No.26 Malang, Kode Pos 65142 Telp: 087777844417 Email: [email protected] Website: Https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/ Isi Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis dapat Dikutip dengan Menyertakan Sumbernya (Citation is permitted with acknowledgement of the source) ii Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol.1. No.1 (April 2020) Tema/Edisi : Hukum Internasional (Bulan Keempat) https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/ DAFTAR ISI Amadda Ilmi Legal Opinion: Nicaragua v. United States of America .................................... 1 Amanda Eugenia Soeliongan Legal Opinion: Peracunan Eks Spionase Rusia ................................................ 12 Danang Wahyu Setyo Adi Pembatasan Hak Veto dalam DK-PBB Terkait Konflik Bersenjata di Suriah ... 24 Dwi Imroatus Sholikah Analisa Penyelesaian Perbatasan Laut Antara Peru dengan Chili yang Diselesaikan oleh Mahkamah Internasional (ICJ) ............................................ 44 Jodie Jeihan dkk. Analisa Penetapan Evaluasi Generalized System of Preference (GSP) Amerika Serikat terhadap Indonesia dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kesepakatan Perdagangan Dibawah World Trade Organization (WTO) .............................. 54 Kandi Kirana dkk. Asgardia: The Problems in Building a Space Society ....................................... 69 Misbachul Munir dkk. Contoh Penerapan Penetapan Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif (Studi Kasus Imajiner Amalea v. Ritania atas Malachi Gap) ................................................................ 77 Moh. Roziq Saifulloh Kebijakan Proteksionisme Indonesia Guna Menstabilkan Iklim Investasi Nasional dan Mengkapitalisasi Kondisi Perang Dagang Amerika Serikat-Tiongkok ...... 84 Tasya Ester Loijens Implikasi Yuridis Pemberlakuan Wacana Earth to Earth Transportation oleh SpaceX ................................................................................................................ 97 Tasya Ester Loijens Legal Opinion: Whaling in The Antartic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand Intervening ...................................................................................................... 108 iii Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol.1. No.1 (April 2020) Tema/Edisi : Hukum Internasional (Bulan Keempat) https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/ KATA PENGANTAR DIREKTUR UTAMA REWANG RENCANG Halo rencang-rencangku, senang rasanya bisa menyapa para pembaca melalui Platform ini. Rewang Rencang: JHLG (Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis) dicanangkan agar kami (Klinik Hukum Rewang Rencang) dapat membantu memperluas wawasan anda. Tidak hanya di sektor Legalitas Usaha, Perusahaan, dan HAKI, tetapi juga Hukum secara umum. Kami harap para pembaca yang budiman juga turut menjadi bagian dari kebaikan dengan menyebar dan merekomendasikan Informasi Hukum ini, sehingga lebih banyak lagi Insan yang memperoleh kebermanfaatan dan rezeki pengetahuan. Demikian, semoga para pembaca yang budiman selalu dilimpahi kesehatan dan semangat kebaikan. Malang, 12 Mei 2020 Ivan Drago, S.H. CEO Rewang Rencang iv Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol.1. No.1 (April 2020) Tema/Edisi : Hukum Internasional (Bulan Keempat) https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/ KATA PENGANTAR EDITORIAL Selamat bahagia para pembaca, rekan sivitas akademika, praktisi dan masyarakat umum pemerhati hukum. Selamat datang di Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Jurnal ini kami buat sebagai bentuk dedikasi kami terhadap dunia keilmuan hukum untuk menampung karya-karya Mahasiswa Hukum. Adapun tiga tujuan utama Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis sebagai berikut: 1. Sebagai wadah penampung karya yang berhubungan dengan ilmu hukum; 2. Sebagai sarana memperluas wawasan pemerhati hukum; 3. Sebagai glosarium, ensiklopedia atau kamus umum ilmu hukum; 4. Sebagai garda rujukan umum untuk keperluan sitasi ilmiah; 5. Sebagai referensi ringan terkhusus bagi sivitas akademika yang berbahagia. Kami sangat senang jika anda sekalian dapat memanfaatkan wawasan dan ilmu yang termuat dalam Jurnal ini. Sebagai penutup, Editorial berterimakasih banyak kepada para pihak yang mensukseskan Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis pertama yang terbit pada bulan April 2020 dengan mengusung tema berkaitan dengan “Hukum Internasional” ini dan akan terbit setiap bulan dengan tema atau topik berbeda, semoga dapat berlanjut hingga kesempatan berikutnya. Malang, 14 Mei 2020 Fazal Akmal Musyarri, S.H. Dewan Editorial RR : JHLG v Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol.1. No.1 (April 2020) Tema/Edisi : Hukum Internasional (Bulan Keempat) https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/ Undangan untuk Berkontribusi Dewan Editorial Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis mengundang para akademisi hukum, praktisi hukum, pemerhati hukum dan masyarakat umum untuk menyumbang karya-karyanya baik berupa makalah, opini hukum, esai, dan segala bentuk karya tulis ilmiah untuk dimuat dalam edisi-edisi JHLG dengan tema berbeda setiap bulannya. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut silahkan akses: Https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/ vi Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol.1. No.1 (April 2020) Tema/Edisi : Hukum Internasional (Bulan Keempat) https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/ LEGAL OPINION: NICARAGUA V. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Amadda Ilmi Universitas Brawijaya Korespondensi Penulis : [email protected] Citation Structure Recommendation : Ilmi, Amadda. Legal Opinion : Nicaragua v. United States of America. Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Vol.1. No.1 (April 2020). ABSTRAK Kasus ini terjadi antara Amerika dan Nikaragua, dimana permasalahan antara keduanya merupakan sengketa yang beurujung pada tudingan pelanggaran hukum internasional, bermula dari masalah pemerintahan dalam negeri yang terjadi di Republik Nikaragua. Namun, Amerika Serikat justru terlibat secara aktif dalam permasalahan internal itu. Nikaragua menganggap bahwa campur tangan yang dilakukan oleh Amerika Serikat semakin memperburuk keadaan pemerintahan Nikaragua dan merasa bahwa Amerika Serikat telah melakukan tindakan yang bertentangan dengan kaidah hukum Internasional. Salah satu campur tangannya yakni ketika Amerika mengambil langkah menghentikan bantuan ekonomi ke Nikaragua karena sebelumnya Nikaragua melawan El Savador, dimana El Savador diketahui memilki hubungan diplomatis yang baik dengan Amerika. Mengetahui hal tersebut, Amerika juga melakukan semacam upaya serangan dengan mengirimkan militernya di wilayah Nikaragua dan menanam ranjau di laut wilayah dan laut pedalaman Nikaragua sehingga menyebabkan kapal-kapal yang melintas rusak bahkan hancur. Kemudian Amerika juga melakukan perusahaan fasilitas sipil dan militer di Nikaragua. Tentu hal tersebut sangat mengusik Nikaragua, lantaran tidak melakukan upaya apapun terhadap Amerika namun mendapat serangan atas kasusnya dengan El Savador. Kasus tersebut kemudian dilaporkan kepada ICJ yang menjadi penengah dan menganggap bahwa tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Amerika adalah salah, lantaran terlalu masuk kedalam urusan yang bukan termasuk yurisdiksinya untuk turut serta dalam kasus tersebut. Kata Kunci: ICJ, Konflik Internasional, Nikaragua vs. Amerika Serikat 1 Amadda Ilmi Legal Opinion: Nicaragua v. United States of America A. KASUS POSISI Kasus Nikaragua vs Amerika Serikat atau dikenal juga dengan Nicaragua case merupakan kasus yang ditangani oleh International Court of Justice (ICJ) atau Mahkamah Internasional pada tahun 1986. Dalam kasus ini ICJ mendukung Repulik Nikaragua yang melawan Amerika Serikat untuk memberikan ganti rugi kepada Nikaragua. Mahkamah Internasional memutuskan bahwa Amerika Serikat telah melanggar hukum internasional dengan mendukung gerilyawan atau pemberontak dalam pemberontakan mereka melawan Pemerintah Nikaragua dan pertambangan di pelabuhan Nikaragua.1 Kasus ini berawal dari adanya masalah pemerintahan dalam negeri yang terjadi di Republik Nikaragua. Namun, Amerika Serikat justru terlibat secara aktif dalam permasalahan internal tersebut. Sehingga pada akhirnya Republik Nikaragua menganggap bahwa campur tangan yang dilakukan oleh Amerika Serikat semakin memperburuk keadaan pemerintahan Nikaragua dan pada akhirnya Nikaragua merasa bahwa Amerika Serikat telah melakukan tindakan- tindakan yang bertentangan dengan kaidah hukum Internasional. Amerika Serikat juga melakukan penghentian bantuan ekonomi ke Nikaragua dikarenakan tindakan-tindakan Nikaragua yang melawan El-Savador, dimana El-Savador memiliki hubungan diplomatis yang baik dengan Amerika. Atas respon dari tindakan Nikaragua ini, Amerika Serikat mulai menempatkan fasilitas militernua dan melakukan tindakan-tindakan yang diklaim Nikaragua sebagai pelanggaran hukum Internasional. Beberapa tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Amerika Serikat adalah penanaman ranjau di laut wilayah dan laut pendalaman Nikaragua
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