Oxford Heritage Walks Book 4
Oxford Heritage Walks Book 4 On foot from Paradise Square to Sheepwash by Malcolm Graham (illustrated by Edith Gollnast, cartography by Alun Jones) Chapter One – Paradise Street to Osney Abbey The walk begins in Paradise Street, beside St George’s Tower and the Castle Mill Stream, a branch of the river Thames that brings nature into the very heart of the city. You are standing just outside Oxford Castle, a motte and bailey castle built by Robert d’Oilly in 1071 just five years after the Norman Conquest. The castle was used as a gaol as early as the 12th century, and prisoners continued to be held in the later County Gaol and HM Prison until 1996. You are also outside the West Gate of medieval Oxford which stood further along Paradise Street near the junction with Castle Street until the early 17th century. Paradise Street, and the nearby Paradise Square, are named after the Paradise garden of the Greyfriars, a large religious house which became established in St Ebbe’s during the 13th century. St George’s Tower, massively built of rubble stone, is traditionally dated to the establishment of St George’s in the Castle in 10741 and regarded as an integral part of the Norman castle. The tower sits uncomfortably close to the mound, however, and might have been built before 1066 as a watchtower guarding the western approach to Oxford.2 If this theory is accepted, the tower is the greatest secular stone building surviving from pre-Conquest England. It is in any case a remarkable defensive structure, rising in four slightly receding stages with a later diagonally set staircase in one corner.
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