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The State of Florida and the Nation As a Whole

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The State of Florida and the Nation As a Whole STATE OF FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Elton J. Gissendanner, Executive Director DIVISION OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Art Wilde, Director BUREAU OF GEOLOGY Walter Schmidt, Chief INFORMATION CIRCULAR NO. 102 THE INDUSTRIAL MINERALS OF FLORIDA by Kenneth M. Campbell Published for the FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY TALLAHASSEE 1986 -3-7 DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES BOB GRAHAM Governor GEORGE FIRESTONE JIM SMITH Secretary of State Attorney General BILL GUNTER GERALD A. LEWIS Treasurer Comptroller RALPH D. TURLINGTON DOYLE CONNER Commissioner of Education Commissioner of Agriculture ELTON J. GISSENDANNER Executive Director ncp n, )3l LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Bureau of Geology August 1986 Governor Bob Graham, Chairman Florida Department of Natural Resources Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Dear Governor Graham: The Bureau of Geology, Division of Resource Management, Depart- ment of Natural Resources, is publishing as its Information Circular No. 102, The Industrial Minerals of Florida. This report summarizes the geology, mining and beneficiation of indus- trial minerals found in Florida. Products, uses, economic trends and envi- ronmental aspects are outlined. This report will be useful to geologists, state and local governmental agencies and the citizens of the State and will help the reader more fully realize the impact of mining on the econ- omy of Florida. Respectfully yours, Walter Schmidt, Chief Bureau of Geology iii Printed for the Florida Geological Survey Tallahassee 1986 ISSN No. 0085-0640 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction ........................................ 1 Cem ent ........................................... 1 D iscussion ..................................... 1 Econom ic Trends ................................. 2 Environmental Concerns ........................... 2 Clays ............................................. 5 Geology ....................................... 5 Mining and Beneficiation ........................... 7 Uses . .. .. .. 7 Transportation and Economic Trends .................. 9 Reserves ....................................... 9 Environmental Concerns ........................... 9 Heavy M inerals ..................................... 11 Geology ........................... ... ......... 11 Trail Ridge Deposit ............................ 11 Green Cove Springs and Boulougne Deposits ......... 12 Mining and Beneficiation ........................... 12 Products and Uses ...... .......... .............. 14 Transportation and Economic Trends .................. 15 Reserves ....................................... 15 Environmental Concerns ........................... 16 Magnesium Compounds ............................... 16 Processing ..................................... 16 Uses ....................................... .... 16 Econom ic Trends ................................. 17 Reserves ....................................... 17 Environmental Concerns ........................... 17 Oil and Gas ........................................ 17 Geology ....................................... 17 Products and Uses ............................... 18 Transportation ................................... 19 Production Trends ................................ 19 Reserves ....................................... 19 Environmental Concerns ........................... 19 Byproduct Sulphur ................................ 23 Peat ............................................ 23 v G eology ....................................... 23 M ining ........................................ 24 U ses .......................................... 2 5 Transportation and Economic Trends .................. 25 Reserves ....................................... 25 Environmental Concerns ........................... 27 Phosphate ......................................... 28 D iscussion ..................................... 28 G eology ........................................ 29 Central Florida Phosphate District ................ 29 Southern Extension of the Central Florida Phosphate D istrict ................ ................. 31 Northern Florida Phosphate District ................ 31 M ining ........................................ 32 Beneficiation of Phosphate Ore ...................... 33 Products and Uses ............................... 34 Transportation ................................... 34 Economic Trends ................................. 34 Reserves ....................................... 36 Environmental Concerns ........................... 36 W ater Usage ................................. 36 Power Consumption ........................... 36 Radiation ................................... 36 W ater Quality ................................ 37 A ir Q uality .................................. 37 Clay W aste Disposal ........................... 37 W etlands ................................... 38 Byproduct Fluorine ............................... 38 Recovery ................................... 38 U ses ....................................... 39 Economic Trends ............................. 39 Byproduct Uranium ............................... 39 G eology .................................... 39 Extraction ................................... 40 Economic Trends ............................. 40 Reserves .................................... 40 Sand and Gravel .................................... 41 G eology ....................................... 4 1 Northwest Florida ............................. 41 North Florida ................................. 42 Central Florida ............................... 42 South Florida ................................. 43 Mining and Beneficiation ........................... 43 U ses .......................................... 44 Transportation ................................... 44 vi Econom ic Trends .................................... 44 Reserves .......................................... 44 Environmental Concerns ............................... 44 Stone ............................................ 4 6 G eology ....................................... 46 Northwest Florida ............................. 46 The Western One-Half of North and Central Peninsular Florida .................................... 47 Atlantic Coast ................................ 49 Southw est Florida ............................. 49 Mining and Beneficiation ........................... 50 Products and Uses ............................... 51 Transportation ................................... 51 Econom ic Trends ................................. 53 Reserves ....................................... 53 Environmental Concerns ........................... 53 References ........................................ 54 A ppendix ............... .......................... 62 Mineral Producers in Florida ......................... 62 Producers By Commodity .............................. 62 Commodities By County ............................... 89 FIGURES Figure Page 1 Quantity and value of portland cement .............. 3 2 Quantity and value of masonry cement ............. 4 3 Fuller's earth mine, Marion County ................. 8 4 Quantity and.value of clays ...................... 10 5 Heavy minerals "wet mill" beneficiation plant ........ 13 6 Getty Oil drilling rig, East Bay, Santa Rosa County ..... 18 7 Past and present oil and gas production from Florida fields ....................................... 20 8 Quantity and value of petroleum crude .............. 21 9 Quantity and value of natural gas .................. 22 10 Quantity and value of peat ....................... 26 11 Location of the Florida phosphate districts ........... 30 vii 12 International Minerals and Chemicals Corp. Clear Springs phosphate mine, Polk County .. 32 13 Quantity and value of phosphate in Florida and North C arolina .................................... 35 14 Suction dredge used in sand mining ................ 43 15 Quantity and value of sand and gravel .............. 45 16 Limestone quarry, Citrus County ................... 50 17 Limestone quarry, mining below water level with dragline ..................................... 51 18 Quantity and value of crushed stone ............... 52 TABLES Table Page 1 Conversion factors for terms used in this report ...... 1 viii THE INDUSTRIAL MINERALS OF FLORIDA by Kenneth M. Campbell INTRODUCTION Although Florida is not generally thought of as a mining state, it ranked fourth nationally in total value of non-fuel minerals produced in 1985 (Boyle, 1986). In 1981, the total value of Florida's mineral production (including fuels) was in excess of 3.8 billion dollars. In 1983, the Florida phosphate industry was reported to have led the nation in phosphate production for 90 consecutive years (Boyle and Hendry, 1985). Florida and North Carolina produced 87 percent of the national production of phosphate in 1983 and approximately 27.4 percent of the world produc- tion (Stowasser, 1985a). These figures indicate the great importance of industrial minerals, and mining activities, to the economy of the State of Florida and the nation as a whole. This publication is intended to respond to the needs expressed by the general public, governmental agencies, and industry, regarding informa- tion on Florida's Economic Minerals. The report will help the reader more fully realize the impact of the mining industry on Florida's, and ultimately the nation's economy. The units of measurement utilized in this report are those commonly used by the respective industries. The metric con- version factors for terms used in this report are given in Table 1. TABLE 1 MULTIPLY BY TO
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