DOCSLIB.ORG

The Unevenly Absorbed and Induced Intra-Regional Facebook Adoption in Western Ukraine Serhii Puhach1,*, Kostyantyn Mezentsev2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Unevenly Absorbed and Induced Intra-Regional Facebook Adoption in Western Ukraine Serhii Puhach1,*, Kostyantyn Mezentsev2 Original Article 157 The unevenly absorbed and induced intra-regional Facebook adoption in Western Ukraine Serhii Puhach1,*, Kostyantyn Mezentsev2 1 Lesia Ukrainka Volyn National University, Faculty of Geography, Department of Economic and Social Geography, Ukraine 2 Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Geography, Department of Economic and Social Geography, Ukraine * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper aims to reveal and explain the spatial pattern of Facebook adoption in Western Ukraine. It discusses how to trace the fragmented nature of social networking services’ (SNS) penetration at the intra-regional level using Facebook data analysis. This study has confirmed the expectation that in Western Ukraine Facebook adoption is predominantly an urban phenomenon, but with some peculiarities depending on the local context. The largest cities and regional centers attract the highest number of users, while peripheral and the economically least developed places have the lowest Facebook penetration rate. However, there are some areas with a higher number of Facebook adopters caused by a specific rural settlement system and the location in the Carpathians with no large cities ‘pulling’ the audience. The spatial pattern of Facebook adoption in Western Ukraine is an intricate and intertwined mosaic of ‘SNS hubs’ and peripheries, suggesting a ‘digital differentiation’ rather than a ‘digital divide’. KEYWORDS social networking service (SNS); Facebook; Facebook adoption; penetration rate; spatial pattern; Western Ukraine Received: 2 October 2020 Accepted: 18 May 2021 Published online: 26 July 2021 Puhach, S., Mezentsev, K. (2021): The unevenly absorbed and induced intra-regional Facebook adoption in Western Ukraine. AUC Geographica 56(2), 157–167 https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2021.10 © 2021 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). 158 Serhii Puhach, Kostyantyn Mezentsev 1. Introduction - cents), use of the SNS in political technologies, edu- In recent years, the fast development of technologies cationsociety, and age training. effects (firstIn some of allcases, children the media and publishadoles has brought a range of new opportunities and at the reviews on various quantitative technical characteris- same time disappointments to different people and tics of the SNS performed by IT specialists. Such stud- communities. Connectivity and accessibility have ies mostly do not consider the spatial aspects or cover - tances faster than ever before. However, in many cas- In geographical studies, SNS rather are not con- es,grown travelling significantly has become and one less can necessary travel longer due to disthe sideredthem superficially. properly. There are some geographical virtual communication. Social networking services aspects in the surveys “Review of Social Networking facilitated contacts between spatially remote and Services and Twitter in Ukraine …” (Yandex 2014), culturally distinctive areas. Use of social network- “Facebook and Instagram in Ukraine (September ing services such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, 2019)” (PlusOne 2019). Also, there are some inves- Telegram, TikTok, etc. has become commonplace in tigations of the spatial features of SNS use under everyday life for different aims – communication, business, entertainment, obtaining information, etc. 2019), the distribution of social networking ser- The integrating of social networking services and vicesthe armed in Ukraine conflict (Puhach in Eastern and Mytchuk Ukraine 2017) (Dobysh and mobile phones with the Global Positioning System some regions (Puhach and Mytchuk 2018; Puhach (GPS) allows users to facilitate the search for people and Maister 2020; Puhach at al. 2020). However, and things in the real (physical) world, to localize the there are no detailed studies of the SNS adoption content they create. Social networking services con- among the population at the intra-regional and local tain spatial data on the location of users and their levels. links with friends. While the topic of Facebook geographies is not new, Moores (2012) emphasizes that some existing studies of place-based Facebook adoption in Ukraine, approaches have mistakenly associated SNS use with especially at the intra-regional level, are overlooked. placelessness (Moores 2012). The ways in which This research is aimed at overcoming this shortcom- ing. Therefore, the paper aims to illuminate the spa- norms and practices (Hong and Na 2018). ‘Absorb- tial pattern of Facebook adoption in Western Ukraine. ing’people entire adopt countries and use and Facebook regions, reflect Facebook their becomes cultural The main research questions are following. How to a global cultural trait. But within individual regions, trace the fragmentation of Facebook penetration at its adoption is uneven and caused by various factors. the intra-regional level using Facebook data analysis? Moreover, in some countries Facebook ‘meets’ with What are the main drivers of Facebook adoption in Western Ukraine? the population of Ukraine was at the ‘frontline’ of considerable influence of the regional SNS. Thus, (Russian-produced) SNS. But Russian aggression and 2. Stepping to Facebook geography furtherinfluence sanctions and intersection towards Russian of global SNS and companies post-Soviet in Ukraine led to the prioritizing Facebook and inducing In the last decades, human geography undergoes its penetration. That is, the global trend of ‘absorption’ of Ukraine’s regions by Facebook was accelerated by Virtual geography, cyber geography, and Internet the ban on Russian SNSs (VKontakte, Odnoklassniki) geographychanges in are terms on the of expandingrise, focusing the on research the locational field. from May 2017 in accordance with the Presidential dimensions in physical space, relying on the data at Decree “On the Implementation of Personal Special numerous geographical scales (cities, regions, coun- Economic and Other Restrictive Measures (Sanc- tions)” (President Ukraine 2017) widely known as the Internet, mobile phones, and other communica- the “Decree on the ban of Russian sites and social net- tionstries), media and reflecting and technologies the rate (Kellermanof adoption 2016). and use of works.” Just before the Russian aggression, the num- A number of researchers emphasize that social ber of Ukrainian Facebook users was only 3.2 million relations are better understood through the net- (Yandex 2014), and after it increased to 8.3 million works rather than totals (aggregates) (Castells (PlusOne 2019). Thus, to some extent, Facebook has 1996; Bingham 1999). According to Kellerman become a symbol of pro-European and VKontakte of (2016), the geography of cyberspace consists of pro-Russian orientation. As a result, Facebook gained the geographical aspects of websites and commu- new users more easily and quickly in the least Rus- nication platforms. Social networks including Face- sian-oriented Western Ukraine (StatCounter 2021). However, the rate of Facebook penetration into the social relations, realized on the basis of the World - Widebook areWeb relatively and mobile new telephony. phenomenon Social in thecommuni field of- tive districts (rayons) and settlements. cations seemingly have covered the whole world, regionIn Ukraine, varies significantly social networking at the serviceslevel of administraare studied but with essential disparities and distinctive signs mostly by sociologists with focuses on the impact on of socio-spatial injustice. Facebook adoption in Western Ukraine 159 Geographers study the Internet and virtual spac- can identify different dimensions of Facebook geog- es from the late 1990s, although these researches raphy. On the one hand, it focuses on the study of were sporadic and even now geographical research- (virtual) Facebook spaces, the formation of virtual es on whether and how the Internet changing the social communities, their communication, and mutu- ways in which social relations, social spaces and al perception. On the other hand, it gives the oppor- identities are produced remain quite small in num- tunity to look at the real (physical) spaces and places ber (Horton and Kraftl 2014). The most of them through the lens of Facebook adoption and pene- are based on two key concepts of cyberspace and tration on different geographical scales (countries, regions, cities). Moreover, Facebook data allows us to study not only ‘standard’ demographics of users, but “Neuromancer”network society. (Gibson The first 1984), one but was was coined later widelyby the also gives a chance to scope the post-demographics usedscience by scholars.fiction writer The second William concept Gibson was in proposedhis novel in social networking platforms, while the interest by Castells to designate a new spatial form of soci- has shifted from the traditional demographics of ety organization (Castells 1996). According to Warf race, ethnicity, age, income, and educational level (2013), this was one of the most productive inter- to tastes, interests, favorites, groups, accepted invi- pretations of the Internet, which prevents techno- tations, installed apps, and other information that logical determinism. Cyberspace has ceased to be just a word, instead it previously unexplored information about social net- workcomprises users an is nowonline available profile for (Rogers study. 2013).The geograph A lot of- “which is everywhere” (Bingham 1999). Later,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Second Field School in Ivano-Frankivsk
    Second Field School in Ivano-Frankivsk REPORT: The Second Field School Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Ukraine July 21-August 10, 2010 Prepared by Dr. Maria Kaspina, Dr. Boris Khaimovich & Dr. Vladimir Levin Not a single taxi driver in Ivano-Frankivsk knows where the synagogue is located, although its massive building stands only 50 meters away from the central square bustling with people at its shops and restaurants. The once vibrant Jewish community of Eastern Galicia, numbering half a million people, was not only eradicated by the Nazis and their supporters during the Holocaust, but it has also faded from the memory of local inhabitants. The aim of our field school and the entire Jewish History in Galicia and Bukovina project is to document, collect and revive remnants - physical as well as intangible - that can still be recorded, preserved and revived after 65 years of Jewish absence from the region. Towards this aim, the Second Field School arrived at Ivano-Frankivsk (formerly Stanisławów) during the summer of 2010. The Second Field School in the Ivano-Frankivsk Region took place from July 21 to August 10, 2010. It was organized by the Jewish History in Galicia and Bukovina project and the Moscow 1 Center for University Teaching of Jewish Civilization Sefer. Fifteen students under the guidance of five scholars engaged in the documentation of Jewish history. The school was composed of three teams: one documenting Jewish cemeteries, another recording oral history and ethnographical materials from the local residents and the third team surveying towns and villages in the region. The complex approach applied towards the remnants of Jewish history allows for exploration in the fullest possible way.
    [Show full text]
  • Perception of Local Geographical Specificity by the Population of Podolia
    88 ЕКОНОМІЧНА ТА СОЦІАЛЬНА ГЕОГРАФІЯ PERCEPTION OF LOCAL GEOGRAPHICAL SPECIFICITY BY THE POPULATION OF PODOLIA Oleksiy GNATIUK Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine [email protected] Abstract: The article reveals the perception of local geographical specificity by the population of Podolia. Attention is focused on five elements of the local geographical specificity: natural, historical and cultural monuments; prominent personalities; trademarks and producers of goods and services; the origin settlement names; figurative poetic names of settlements. The tasks were the following: to determine basic qualitative and quantitative parameters of regional image-geographical systems, to find the main regularities of their spatial organization, and, finally, to classify administrative-territorial units of the region according to the basic properties of image-geographic systems using specially worked out method. Analysis made it clear that the population of Podolia is characterized by a high level of reflection of the local geographic specificity. Local image-geographical systems from different parts of the region have different structure and level of development. In particular, image-geographical systems in Vinnytsia and Ternopil oblasts are well developed, stable and hierarchized, in Khmelnitskyi oblast it is just developing, dynamic and so quite unstable. To further disclosure the regularities and patterns of local geographical specificity perception, it is advisable to carry out case studies of image-geographic systems at the level of individual settlements. Key words: territorial identity, local geographical specificity, geographic image UDC: 911.3 СПРИЙНЯТТЯ МІСЦЕВОЇ ГЕОГРАФІЧНОЇ СПЕЦИФІКИ НАСЕЛЕННЯМ ПОДІЛЛЯ Олексій ГНАТЮК Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, Україна [email protected] Анотація: У статті розглянуто сприйняття місцевої географічної специфіки населенням Подільського регіону.
    [Show full text]
  • Lviv Region : Facts and Figures
    MAIN LRSA CONTACT en LVIV REGION : FACTS AND FIGURES Regional centre Region’s total population Lviv 2530.0 thousand inhabitants, (5.9% of Ukraine’s general The region is located in three zones: forest, steppe, foothills population) including: 978.0 thousand inhabitants living in rural and mountainous areas of the Carpathians. Forests cover areas, 1534.0 thousand inhabitants livingin cities almost a one third of the total region area.. The flat part of the region is famous for its lakes. The main European watershed between the basins of the Baltic and Black seas passes through Currency territory of the region.. The Western Bug river (one The Ukrainian Hryvnia is the currency of Ukraine Ukrainian currency is of its tributaries is river Poltva), carries water to the Baltic Sea. the hryvnia (UAH),. The hryvnia comprises 100 kopiykas Paper, metal, Rivers Dniester, Styr and Ikva flows into the BlackSea. old and new banknotes are one UAH comprisesone hundred kopiykasin circulation. Contents Region’s largest cities Lviv (756.0 thousand inhabitants), Drohobych (95.0 thousand Working hours inhabitants), Chervonohrad (81 thousand inhabitants), Stryi Most institutions, both public and private, work eight hours per day (59 thousand inhabitants), Sambir (34,8 thousand from 9:00 to 18:00, with lunch lasting from 12:00 to 13:00. Saturday inhabitants), Boryslav (33.8 thousand inhabitants),Truskavets and Sunday are official daysoff. (28.8 thousand inhabitants). Region’s area Public holidays 21.8 thousand square kilometres January 1-New Year, January 7-Christmas, March 8 - International Women’s Day, Easter, May 1and 2 - International Workers’ Day, May, 9-Victory Day, Holy Trinity, June 28 - Constitution Day, August 24- Independence Day, October 14 - Fatherland Defender’s Day.
    [Show full text]
  • Jewish Cemetries, Synagogues, and Mass Grave Sites in Ukraine
    Syracuse University SURFACE Religion College of Arts and Sciences 2005 Jewish Cemetries, Synagogues, and Mass Grave Sites in Ukraine Samuel D. Gruber United States Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/rel Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Gruber, Samuel D., "Jewish Cemeteries, Synagogues, and Mass Grave Sites in Ukraine" (2005). Full list of publications from School of Architecture. Paper 94. http://surface.syr.edu/arc/94 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts and Sciences at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Religion by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JEWISH CEMETERIES, SYNAGOGUES, AND MASS GRAVE SITES IN UKRAINE United States Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad 2005 UNITED STATES COMMISSION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF AMERICA’S HERITAGE ABROAD Warren L. Miller, Chairman McLean, VA Members: Ned Bandler August B. Pust Bridgewater, CT Euclid, OH Chaskel Besser Menno Ratzker New York, NY Monsey, NY Amy S. Epstein Harriet Rotter Pinellas Park, FL Bingham Farms, MI Edgar Gluck Lee Seeman Brooklyn, NY Great Neck, NY Phyllis Kaminsky Steven E. Some Potomac, MD Princeton, NJ Zvi Kestenbaum Irving Stolberg Brooklyn, NY New Haven, CT Daniel Lapin Ari Storch Mercer Island, WA Potomac, MD Gary J. Lavine Staff: Fayetteville, NY Jeffrey L. Farrow Michael B. Levy Executive Director Washington, DC Samuel Gruber Rachmiel
    [Show full text]
  • Ukraine) 419-444 Tuexenia 38: 419–444
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Tuexenia - Mitteilungen der Floristisch-soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Jahr/Year: 2018 Band/Volume: NS_38 Autor(en)/Author(s): Didukh Yakiv P., Vasheniak Yulia A. Artikel/Article: Vegetation of limestone outcrops in Western and Central Podillia (Ukraine) 419-444 Tuexenia 38: 419–444. Göttingen 2018. doi: 10.14471/2018.38.023, available online at www.zobodat.at Vegetation of limestone outcrops in Western and Central Podillia (Ukraine) Vegetation von Kalksteinausbissen in West- und Mittelpodolien (Ukraine) Yakiv P. Didukh1 & Yulia A. Vasheniak2, * 1M.G. Kholodny Insitute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska Str. 2, MSP-1, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; 2Khmelnytsky Institute of Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Prospect Myru Str. 101A, 29015 Khmelnytsky, Ukraine *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This article characterises limestone outcrop vegetation. Such communities grow on limestone, chalk, gypsum and other kinds of rocks of the Devon and Paleogene period dispersed throughout Western and Central Podillia. The relief, geological structure, soil, distribution factors caused by climate, specificity and diversity of the communities and their particular floristic qualities are highlighted. The history of phytocoenological investigations of limestone outcrop communities in Ukraine is also shown. Syntaxo- nomical and ecological
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction
    State Service of Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre State Scientific Production Enterprise “Kartographia” TOPONYMIC GUIDELINES For map and other editors For international use Ukraine Kyiv “Kartographia” 2011 TOPONYMIC GUIDELINES FOR MAP AND OTHER EDITORS, FOR INTERNATIONAL USE UKRAINE State Service of Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre State Scientific Production Enterprise “Kartographia” ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prepared by Nina Syvak, Valerii Ponomarenko, Olha Khodzinska, Iryna Lakeichuk Scientific Consultant Iryna Rudenko Reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa Translated by Olha Khodzinska Editor Lesia Veklych ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ © Kartographia, 2011 ISBN 978-966-475-839-7 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ................................................................ 5 2 The Ukrainian Language............................................ 5 2.1 General Remarks.............................................. 5 2.2 The Ukrainian Alphabet and Romanization of the Ukrainian Alphabet ............................... 6 2.3 Pronunciation of Ukrainian Geographical Names............................................................... 9 2.4 Stress .............................................................. 11 3 Spelling Rules for the Ukrainian Geographical Names....................................................................... 11 4 Spelling of Generic Terms ....................................... 13 5 Place Names in Minority Languages
    [Show full text]
  • The Galitzianer a Publication of Gesher Galicia
    The Galitzianer A Publication of Gesher Galicia Vol. 8, No. 4 August 2001 In This Issue Two articles in this issue are of special import to the future of The Galitzianer and of Gesher Galicia. The first, Shelley Pollero’s column on page 2, explains the reasons that the Steering Committee has felt it necessary to raise Gesher Galicia’s dues … mainly the increased costs of publishing The Galitzianer and the Gesher Galicia Family Finder. The second, on page 3, describes a proposed electronic option for distributing The Galitzianer via email to those who want to receive it that way. It also asks a couple of questions about this proposal on which the Steering Committee needs your advice.. GG Matters 8 JRI-PL 1929 Business Directory Project 2 Coordinator’s Column Stanley Diamond & Howard Fink Shelley Kellerman Pollero 6 Krakow marriage and Banns Registers 3 An Electronic Version of the Galitzianer? Stanley Diamond & Judy Wolkovitch Edward Goldstein A project at the Jewish Historical Institute in A proposal on which we need your input Warsaw 23 Gesher Galicia Family Finder Updates Feature Articles Two pages you can insert into your GGFF 7 Austrian Military Recruitment in Galicia Town Updates Find out which regiments of the Austro- 3 Kolomyya Hungarian army recruited in your town in Alan Weiser which years 4 Lwow 10 Matching Patronymics to Surnames in Krakow Josef Herz Dan Hirschberg & Julian Schamroth Breaking through a barrier in Jewish genea- 4 Sokal logical research Josef Herz 12 My Journey to Bukaczowze 4 Przemysl Linda Cantor Barbara Yeager
    [Show full text]
  • Canada Ukraine Municipal Local Economic Development Program (Mled Ukraine)
    TO: CHAIR AND MEMBERS CORPORATE SERVICES COMMITTEE MEETING OF JULY 22, 2014 FROM: GRANT HOPCROFT, DIRECTOR OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL AND COMMUNITY LIAISON SUBJECT: CANADA UKRAINE MUNICIPAL LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (MLED UKRAINE) RECOMMENDATION That, on the recommendation of the Director of Intergovernmental and Community Liaison, the following report on the Canada Ukraine Local Economic Development Program (MLED Ukraine) BE RECEIVED . PREVIOUS REPORTS PERTINENT TO THIS MATTER Board of Control: January 27, 2010: Canada Ukraine Municipal Local Economic Development (MLED) Program – FCM Mission to Ukraine Finance and Administration Committee: December 15, 2010; March 30, 2011; June 15, 2011; November 16, 2011: Canada Ukraine Municipal Local Economic Development Program – FCM Mission to Ukraine Finance and Administrative Services Committee: July 16, 2012: Canada Ukraine Municipal Local Economic Development Program; Canada Caribbean Local Economic Development, November 5, 2012 Corporate Services Committee March 19, 2013, September 24, 2013: Canada Caribbean Local Economic Development. March 19, 2013: Canada Ukraine Municipal Local Economic Development Program. BACKGROUND As part of London’s commitment to the FCM International program on municipal local economic development London received a delegation from Ukraine through the Municipal Local Economic Development (MLED Ukraine) program, May 28 - 29, 2014. This is the fifth year of a five year project between Canada and the Ukraine with the goals of promoting business growth and economic development, strengthening intergovernmental cooperation, and advancing economic and political gender equality, through better service planning and delivery. The project is funded by the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, and is supplemented by significant in-kind contribution from Canadian and Ukrainian partners.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendices I
    Appendices I. Archival Sources Archival research for this monograph was conducted in Lviv, the former capital of Galicia, in 1983. To orient myself in the rich archival holdings of this city, I benefitted from the unpublished manuscript of Patricia K. Grimsted's forthcoming guide to Soviet Ukrainian archives and manuscript repositories' as well as from a number of published works.' Plans to use archives in Ternopil and Ivano-Frankivsk were frustrated, as was the plan to use the manuscript collection of the Institute of Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (in Kiev). Work in the Austrian archives in 1982 did not uncover sources of direct relevance to the subject of this monograph, but the Viennese archives remain an important and little-explored repository of historical documentation on Galician history. The richest collection of unpublished sources on the history of Galicia during the Austrian period is located in the Central State Historical Archives of the Ukrainian SSR in Lviv (U Tsentrainyi derzhavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv URSR u rn. Lvovi; abbre- viated as TsDIAL). The Central Archives have inherited the papers of various Galician government institutions and major civic organizations. Unfortunately, there is no published guide to these archives, although a number of articles describe aspects of their holdings.' The papers of the Presidium of the Galician Viceroy's Office (U Haiytske narnisnytstvo, rn. Lviv. Prezydiia) are contained in TsDIAL, fond 146, opysy 4-8 (and presumably others). Particularly valuable for this study were documents dealing with the publication and confiscation of political brochures and periodicals, including , Patricia K.
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Consultation on Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in the Carpathians
    Policy Consultation on Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development In the Carpathians Policy Assessments for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in Mountain Regions (SARD-M) National Reports in Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine Prepared by national consultants: Emilian Burdusel - Romania Radoslava Kanianska - Slovakia Oksana Maryskevych - Ukraine UNEP-Vienna ISCC June 2006 CONTACT INFORMATION Regional Focal Point Contact: Harald Egerer Address: UNEP – Interim Secretariat of the Carpathian Convention JOE 25 - Vienna International Centre PO Box 500 1400 Vienna, Austria Phone: (+43) 1 26060-4545 Fax: (+43) 1 26060-6730 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.carpathianconvention.org SARD-M Team Contact: Dominique Legros Address: Sustainable Development Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy Phone: (+39) 06 570-54204 Fax: (+39) 06 570-53250 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.fao.org/sard/sard-m The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not imply any opinion whatsoever in the part of FAO (UN) Policy Consultation on Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in the Carpathians. Final Report/UNEP-ISCC (2006) 2 Table of Contents Executive summary 4 List of figures 6 List of tables 7 Abbreviations and Acronyms 8 Introduction 10 1. Land-use in the Carpathians 12 2. Evolution of the employment structure 17 3. Agricultural production and forestry 22 4. Economic performance of agricultural producers since 1990 37 5. Biodiversity of farmland and forestland 41 6. Survey of rural development 50 7. Existing policies and strategies affecting directly or indirectly SARD in the 56 mountain areas 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Memories for a Blessing Jewish Mourning Rituals and Commemorative Practices in Postwar Belarus and Ukraine, 1944-1991
    Memories for a Blessing Jewish Mourning Rituals and Commemorative Practices in Postwar Belarus and Ukraine, 1944-1991 by Sarah Garibov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in University of Michigan 2017 Doctoral Committee: Professor Ronald Suny, Co-Chair Professor Jeffrey Veidlinger, Co-Chair Emeritus Professor Todd Endelman Professor Zvi Gitelman Sarah Garibov [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5417-6616 © Sarah Garibov 2017 DEDICATION To Grandma Grace (z”l), who took unbounded joy in the adventures and accomplishments of her grandchildren. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I am forever indebted to my remarkable committee. The faculty labor involved in producing a single graduate is something I have never taken for granted, and I am extremely fortunate to have had a committee of outstanding academics and genuine mentshn. Jeffrey Veidlinger, thank you for arriving at Michigan at the perfect moment and for taking me on mid-degree. From the beginning, you have offered me a winning balance of autonomy and accountability. I appreciate your generous feedback on my drafts and your guidance on everything from fellowships to career development. Ronald Suny, thank you for always being a shining light of positivity and for contributing your profound insight at all the right moments. Todd Endelman, thank you for guiding me through modern Jewish history prelims with generosity and rigor. You were the first to embrace this dissertation project, and you have faithfully encouraged me throughout the writing process. Zvi Gitelman, where would I be without your wit and seykhl? Thank you for shepherding me through several tumultuous years and for remaining a steadfast mentor and ally.
    [Show full text]
  • USHMM Finding
    http://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection KOFFLER, Tzvi RG-50.120*0383 One videocassette Abstract Tzvi Koffler was born in February 1929 in Jazlowiec, Poland (now Pomortsy, Ukraine). He lived with his mother, father, twin brother, and younger sister. He experienced anti-Semitism, but says it decreased after the Russians entered the village in 1939. Refugees from other parts of Poland arrived in the village. Residents did not believe the refugees’ stories until the Germans came and enforced the anti-Jewish laws. Jews were forced to leave the village at the end of 1941. His father died, and the family moved to Buchach, Ukraine. Shortly afterward, he was sent to a labor camp Borki Wyrki, Poland and eventually escaped. Aktions began in mid-1942. Tzvi’s family had heard about this in advance, and marched through snow to another village. He and his sister became separated from their mother and brother. When he and his sister returned later to Buchach, they learned that their mother and brother were among 2,800 Jews who had been killed in the aktion. He and his sister hid during two other aktions. He was taken to work in the fields, and in the town, 1,000 people were shot and killed, including his sister. He went to a farm where he found work, and managed to hide other Jews. Ukrainians killed all Jews who worked in the fields, but he passed as gentile. In March 1944, the Russians liberated them. Tzvi was injured in one of the last bombardments by the escaping Germans.
    [Show full text]