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Identification De Polyphénols, Évaluation De Leur Activité Antioxydante Et Étude De Leurs Propriétés Biologiques François Muanda Nsemi

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Identification De Polyphénols, Évaluation De Leur Activité Antioxydante Et Étude De Leurs Propriétés Biologiques François Muanda Nsemi Identification de polyphénols, évaluation de leur activité antioxydante et étude de leurs propriétés biologiques François Muanda Nsemi To cite this version: François Muanda Nsemi. Identification de polyphénols, évaluation de leur activité antioxydante et étude de leurs propriétés biologiques. Biologie végétale. Université Paul Verlaine - Metz, 2010. Français. NNT : 2010METZ011S. tel-01752680 HAL Id: tel-01752680 https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01752680 Submitted on 29 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l'ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie. Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l'auteur. Ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document. D'autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite encourt une poursuite pénale. Contact : [email protected] LIENS Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 122. 4 Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 335.2- L 335.10 http://www.cfcopies.com/V2/leg/leg_droi.php http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/infos-pratiques/droits/protection.htm 250 Ecole doctorale SESAMES LCME Ufr : Sciences fondamentales et appliquées THESE Présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur de l’Université Paul Verlaine-Metz SPÉCIALITÉ: Chimie organique Par François Nsemi MUANDA IDENTIFICATION DE POLYPHENOLS, EVALUATION DE LEUR ACTIVITE ANTIOXYDANTE ET ETUDE DE LEURS PROPRIETES BIOLOGIQUES Soutenance publique prévue : le 25 novembre 2010 Jury M. HMAMOUCHI Professeur Université Fès (Maroc) Rapporteur M. LARROQUE Professeur Université Montpellier 1 (France) Rapporteur S. MUNIER Docteur Université Montpellier 1 (France) Examinateur R. SOULIMANI Professeur Université P.Verlaine-Metz (France) Examinateur A. DICKO Professeur Université P. Verlaine-Metz ( France) Directeur de thèse IDENTIFICATION DE POLYPHENOLS EVALUATION DE LEUR ACTIVITE ANTIOXYDANTE ET ETUDE DE LEURS PROPRIETES BIOLOGIQUES Remerciements Ma thèse a été réalisée au sein du laboratoire de Chimie et de Méthodologies pour l‟Environnement de l'Université P-Verlaine de Metz, sous la direction du Professeur Amadou Dicko que je tiens à remercier pour la disponibilité, la confiance, les conseils, l'amitié, l'encadrement et le soutien moral qu'il a su m'apporter tout au long de ces années de coopération. Je tiens également à le remercier de toute la patience dont il a su faire preuve au cours de la rédaction de mon mémoire. Je remercie également le Professeur Philippe Burg, directeur du LCME. Qu‟il veuille trouver ici l‟expression de ma gratitude pour m‟avoir accueilli au sein de cette équipe. Soyez assuré de mon profond respect et de ma vive reconnaissance. Aussi, je voudrai exprimer cette reconnaissance à tous les Professeurs et Maître de conférences de ce laboratoire qui m‟ont toujours aidé chaque fois que je désirais avancer dans la recherche de différentes solutions. Que le Professeur Chafique Younos trouve ici l‟expression de ma profonde gratitude pour sa contribution dans la réalisation de cette thèse. Par ailleurs, je tiens à remercier ici le profsseur Rachid Soulimani du Laboratoire de Neurotoxicologie Alimentaire de l‟Université P. Verlaine-Metz pour l‟aide qu‟il m‟a apportée durant ces anneés de recherches et pour avoir accepté de bien vouloir examiner ce travail. Au Docteur Sylvie Munier, au Professeur Michel LARROQUE ainsi qu‟au Professeur Mohammed Hmamouchi, j‟exprime mes sincères remerciements pour avoir accepté de juger ce travail. Au Professeur Jairo Falla, à Monsieur Laval Gilly, Maître de conférences du laboratoire de Microbiologie de l‟IUT de Thionville / Metz, à Monsieur Patrick Chaimbault Professeur au LSMCL, je voulais vous s‟exprimer toute ma reconnaissance pour votre contribution à la réussite de ce travail et, soyez assurés de mon profond respect et de ma vive reconnaissance pour m‟avoir fait bénéficier de votre expérience, de votre rigueur scientifique et professionnelle. A Agnès Crepet, Christel Gilquin, Pierre Magri, Fréderic Déssort et Catherine Perria, je dis merci pour votre disponibilité, votre serviabilité et votre marque de sympathie qui restera à jamais dans ma mémoire. Je n'oublie pas mes parents qui ont toujours cru en moi et qui ont su me redonner confiance lorsque la motivation n'était plus au rendez-vous. Merci pour tout. A Mère Joana Panzo, Mère LyLy Mandangu, Mamie Makaya Albertine, Mère Adolo Miguel; pour vos sacrifices, votre soutien moral, je vous en suis reconnaissant. A mes amis Félix Sinsu, Augustin Diakiese, Gédeon Ekulu, vous les amis que l‟éternel m‟a donné, pour votre soutien tant moral que matériel, je vous dis merçi. A Maman Fatuma Sala, Stéphanie Muanda et Famuda Mupote Muanda, pour vos sacrifices, votre soutien moral, je vous en suis reconnaissant. A mes collègues Chun Yan Yao Claire, Sandrine Rup, Perrine Doyen, Enrico Perspicace, qui m‟ont souvent soutenu moralement dans la réalisation de ce travail, qu‟ils trouvent ici l‟expression de mon profond remerçiement. A mon frère Rollain Muanda Nsemi pour ton soutient sous toutes les formes je dis merci. A mon oncle Benoit Puati Mantumbu pour qui je ne suis que l‟ombrage, là où tu es, j‟aurai souhaité que tu me lises. Cette thèse, t‟est dédiée à titre posthume. Enfin, mes remerciements s‟adressent également au gouvernement de la République Démocratique du Congo pour m‟avoir accordé une bourse d‟étude, sans laquelle je n‟aurai pas réussi à mener à bien cette étude. A tous ceux qui ne se sentent pas nomement citer la liste est longue, je dis merci. SOMMAIRE ABREVIATIONS 0 INTRODUCTION 1 PARTIE I: ETUDE ETHNOBOTANIQUE DES ESPECES ETUDIEES 5 I.1. Daniella oliveri 5 I.1.1. Etude ethnobotanique 5 I.1.2. Description botanique 5 I.1.2.1. Caractères morphologiques 5 I.1.2.2. Taxonomies et systématiques 7 I.1.2.3. Habitat et répartition géographique 8 I.1.2.4. Noms vernaculaire 8 I.1.2.5. Utilisations en médecine traditionnelle 8 I.1.2.6. Données phytochimiques 9 I.1.2.7. Données pharmacologiques 9 1.1.2.8. Données toxicologiques 9 I.2. Desmodium adscendens 9 I.2.1. Etude ethnobotanique 10 I.2.2 Description botanique 10 I.2.2.1. Caractères morphologiques 10 I.2.2.2. Taxonomies et systématiques 12 I.2.2.3. Habitat et répartition géographique 13 I.2.2.4. Noms vernaculaires 13 I.2.2.5. Utilisations en médecine traditionnelle 13 I.2.2.6. Données phytochimiques 14 I.2.2.7. Données pharmacologiques 14 I.2.2.8. Données toxicologiques 15 I.3. Ficus capensis 16 I.3.1. Etude ethnobotanique 16 I.3.2. Description botanique 17 I.3.2.1. Caractères morphologiques 17 I.3.2.2. Taxonomies et systématiques 19 I.3.2.3. Habitat et répartition géographique 20 I.3.2.4. Noms vernaculaires 20 I.3.2.5. Utilisations en médecine traditionnelle 20 I.3.2.6. Données phytochimiques 20 I.3.2.7. Données pharmacologiques 21 I.3.2.8. Données toxicologiques 21 I.4. Securidaca longepedunculata 21 I.4.1. Etude ethnobotanique 22 I.4.2. Description botanique 22 I.4.2.1. Caractères morphologiques 22 I.4.2.2. Taxonomies et systématiques 24 I.4.2.3. Habitat et répartition géographique 25 I.4.2.4. Noms vernaculaires 25 I.4.2.5. Utilisations en médecine traditionnelle 25 I.4.2.6. Données phytochimiques de la plante 26 I.4.2.7 Données pharmacologiques 26 I.4.2.8. Données toxicologiques 26 I.5. Stevia rebaudiana 27 I.5.1. Etude ethnobotanique 28 I.5.2. Description botanique 29 I.5.2.1. Caractères morphologiques 29 I.5.2.2. Taxonomies et systématiques 30 I.5.2.3. Habitat et répartition géographique 31 I.5.2.4. Noms vernaculaires 31 I.5.2.5. Utilisations en médecine traditionnelle 31 I.5.2.6. Données phytochimiques 32 I.5.2.7. Données pharmacologiques 32 I.5.2.8. Données toxicologiques 32 I.6. Vitex doniana 33 I.6.1. Etude ethnobotanique 33 I.6.2 .Description botanique 33 I.6.2.1. Caractères morphologiques 33 I.6.2.2. Taxonomies et systématiques 34 I.6.2.3. Habitat et répartition géographique 35 I.6.2.4. Noms vernaculaires 35 I.6.2.5. Utilisations en médecine traditionnelle 35 I.6.2.6. Données phytochimiques 36 I.6.2.7. Données pharmacologiques 36 I.6.2.8. Données toxicologiques 36 I.7. Miscanthus X giganteus 37 I.7.1. Etude ethnobotanique 37 I.7.2. Description botanique 39 I.7.2.1. Caractères morphologiques 39 I.7.2.2. Taxonomies et systématiques 40 I.7.2.3. Habitat et répartition géographique 40 I.7.2.4. Noms vernaculaires 41 I.7.2.5. Utilisations en médecine traditionnelle 42 I.7.2.6. Données phytochimiques 42 I.7.2.7. Données pharmacologiques et toxicologiques 42 II. PARTIE:ETUDES PHYTOCHIMIQUES DES METABOLITES SECONDAIRES 47 II.1.Introduction 47 II.2. Classification des métabolites secondaires 49 II.2.1. Les alcaloïdes 49 II.2.2. Les terpènes 50 II.2.3. Les stérols 51 II.2.4. Stéroïdes 52 II.2.5. Les saponines 54 II.2.6. Composés phénoliques 56 II.2.6.1. Les non flavonoïdes 57 II.2.6.2.
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