DOCSLIB.ORG

Presentation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Presentation 1 Image Credit: Martin Vargic 2 PEACH: The Physiology-Exoplanet Astroecological model for Characterizing Habitability Alma Y. Ceja NASA MIRO FIELDS Fellow Planetary Research Laboratory University of California, Riverside 3 Questions: 1. What kinds of planets and stars produce habitable conditions? 2. What types of organisms could a “habitable” exoplanet sustain? 3. Which biosignatures might be observable from inhabited exoplanets? 4 Ecological Modeling Predicted Distribution Environmental Data Physiological Data 5 ROCKE-3D • Fully coupled and dynamic oceanic-atmospheric climate model • Simulates atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, the carbon cycle, and other tracers • Has been used to model Earth, Mars, Venus, TRAPPIST-1, and Proxima Centauri b Image Credit: Kaitlin Alexander and Steve Eastbrook 6 Rule-based modeling 7 Thermal Performance Curves Schulte 2014 8 The Biokinetic Spectrum of Temperature for Life on Earth • Describes maximum and minimum thermal growth rate limits for 1627 organisms • Data is inclusive of all three Domains, all six Kingdoms, and forty-three of the fifty-five phyla • Data is made available and features individual thermophysiology data Corkrey et al. 2016 9 Thermal Performance Curves 10 Fitting Performance Curves Angilletta 2006 11 Rule-based modeling organism environment remains is habitable organism ‘analyzes’ environment environment organism is not expires habitable 12 13 Biosignatures • Note: degeneracies may exist between biotic/abiotic processes which may convolute spectral signatures. 14 Next Steps: Model Validation 1. Astroecology model vetting: validate model under observed Earth environmental temperatures 2. Constraining Earth-like exoplanets: execute Earth model with variable parameters (e.g. eccentricity, obliquity, star-planet separation, stellar age) to identify limits in parameter space 3. Identifying habitable exoplanets: execute model for confirmed rocky exoplanets 15 Acknowledgements Planetary Research Laboratory [email protected] @thealmashow 16.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Modelling Panspermia in the TRAPPIST-1 System
    October 13, 2017 Modelling panspermia in the TRAPPIST-1 system James A. Blake1,2*, David J. Armstrong1,2, Dimitri Veras1,2 Abstract The recent ground-breaking discovery of seven temperate planets within the TRAPPIST-1 system has been hailed as a milestone in the development of exoplanetary science. Centred on an ultra-cool dwarf star, the planets all orbit within a sixth of the distance from Mercury to the Sun. This remarkably compact nature makes the system an ideal testbed for the modelling of rapid lithopanspermia, the idea that micro-organisms can be distributed throughout the Universe via fragments of rock ejected during a meteoric impact event. We perform N-body simulations to investigate the timescale and success-rate of lithopanspermia within TRAPPIST-1. In each simulation, test particles are ejected from one of the three planets thought to lie within the so-called ‘habitable zone’ of the star into a range of allowed orbits, constrained by the ejection velocity and coplanarity of the case in question. The irradiance received by the test particles is tracked throughout the simulation, allowing the overall radiant exposure to be calculated for each one at the close of its journey. A simultaneous in-depth review of space microbiological literature has enabled inferences to be made regarding the potential survivability of lithopanspermia in compact exoplanetary systems. 1Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL 2Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL *Corresponding author: [email protected] Contents Universe, and can propagate from one location to another. This interpretation owes itself predominantly to the works of William 1 Introduction1 Thompson (Lord Kelvin) and Hermann von Helmholtz in the 1.1 Mechanisms for panspermia...............2 latter half of the 19th Century.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts of Extreme Solar Systems 4 (Reykjavik, Iceland)
    Abstracts of Extreme Solar Systems 4 (Reykjavik, Iceland) American Astronomical Society August, 2019 100 — New Discoveries scope (JWST), as well as other large ground-based and space-based telescopes coming online in the next 100.01 — Review of TESS’s First Year Survey and two decades. Future Plans The status of the TESS mission as it completes its first year of survey operations in July 2019 will bere- George Ricker1 viewed. The opportunities enabled by TESS’s unique 1 Kavli Institute, MIT (Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States) lunar-resonant orbit for an extended mission lasting more than a decade will also be presented. Successfully launched in April 2018, NASA’s Tran- siting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is well on its way to discovering thousands of exoplanets in orbit 100.02 — The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Sur- around the brightest stars in the sky. During its ini- vey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics tial two-year survey mission, TESS will monitor more from 10-100 AU than 200,000 bright stars in the solar neighborhood at Eric Nielsen1; Robert De Rosa1; Bruce Macintosh1; a two minute cadence for drops in brightness caused Jason Wang2; Jean-Baptiste Ruffio1; Eugene Chiang3; by planetary transits. This first-ever spaceborne all- Mark Marley4; Didier Saumon5; Dmitry Savransky6; sky transit survey is identifying planets ranging in Daniel Fabrycky7; Quinn Konopacky8; Jennifer size from Earth-sized to gas giants, orbiting a wide Patience9; Vanessa Bailey10 variety of host stars, from cool M dwarfs to hot O/B 1 KIPAC, Stanford University (Stanford, California, United States) giants. 2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology TESS stars are typically 30–100 times brighter than (Pasadena, California, United States) those surveyed by the Kepler satellite; thus, TESS 3 Astronomy, California Institute of Technology (Pasadena, Califor- planets are proving far easier to characterize with nia, United States) follow-up observations than those from prior mis- 4 Astronomy, U.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Novels – a Missing Piece in Electronic Literature? Johannes Heldén’S Astroecology Read As a Possible Bit
    ejss 2019; 49(1): 96–120 Gitte Mose* Novels – A Missing Piece in Electronic Literature? Johannes Heldén’s Astroecology Read as a Possible Bit https://doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2019-0006 Abstract: Computers, smart-phones, tablets etc. expose most people to new cul- tural and artistic practices made possible through digital technologies. Among these practices and objects for scholarly research and analyses is literature – elec- tronic literature. The article addresses the increasingly interactive and performa- tive role of the reader and the need for transaesthetic, analytical and methodolog- ical approaches to multimodal literature. A brief historical background, the “cur- rent” terminology of electronic literature and a short outline of Scandinavian elec- tronic literature are included, before Johannes Heldén’s Astroecology is discussed. Say “literature” and the image springing to mind will likely be a book. (N. Katherine Hayles, 2009) Made possible through and closely intertwined with digital technologies, elec- tronic literature termed “digital-born” by N. Katherine Hayles, calls for both basic introductions and new and old approaches to literary analyses. One case in point is the works of Swedish visual poet, author, performer and musician Johannes Heldén (b. 1978). Since his debut Burner in 2003, his works have grown, developed and made their ways into well-known websites, publishing houses and scholarly works. Among the former are the Electronic Literature Collection 1–3 (ELC) by the Electronic Literature Organisation (ELO) and the Anthology of European Electronic Literature by ELMCIP (Electronic Literature as a Model of Creativity and Inno- vation in Practice). So far, Heldén’s most recent and ongoing work Astroecology (2016) consists of a printed book in Swedish, English and Danish, an interactive electronic site, a performance at a.o.
    [Show full text]
  • Moral Obligation' to Seed Universe with Life 9 February 2010, by Lisa Zyga
    Professor: We have a 'moral obligation' to seed universe with life 9 February 2010, by Lisa Zyga life to other solar systems which can be transformed via microbial activity, thereby preparing these worlds to develop and sustain complex life,” Mautner explained to PhysOrg.com. “Securing that future for life can give our human existence a cosmic purpose.” As Mautner explains in his study published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Cosmology, the strategy is to deposit an array of primitive Directed panspermia missions could target interstellar clouds such as the Rho Ophiuchus cloud complex organisms on potentially fertile planets and located about 500 light-years away. This view spans protoplanets throughout the universe. Like the about five light-years across. The false-color image is earliest life on Earth, organisms such as taken from the Spitzer Space Telescope. Credit: NASA. cyanobacteria could seed other planets, digest toxic gases (such as ammonia and carbon dioxide on early Earth) and release products such as oxygen which promote the evolution of more (PhysOrg.com) -- Eventually, the day will come complex species. To increase their chances of when life on Earth ends. Whether that’s tomorrow success, the microbial payloads should contain a or five billion years from now, whether by nuclear variety of organisms with various environmental war, climate change, or the Sun burning up its fuel, tolerances, and hardy multicellular organisms such the last living cell on Earth will one day wither and as rotifer eggs to jumpstart higher evolution. These die. But that doesn’t mean that all is lost.
    [Show full text]
  • Soluble Nutrients and Electrolytes in Carbonaceous Asteroids/Meteorites
    Planetary and Space Science 104 (2014) 234–243 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Planetary and Space Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pss In situ biological resources: Soluble nutrients and electrolytes in carbonaceous asteroids/meteorites. Implications for astroecology and human space populations Michael N. Mautner a,b,n a Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA b Soil and Physical Sciences Department, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand article info abstract Article history: Ecosystems in space will need in-situ bioavailable nutrients. The measured nutrients in meteorites allow Received 16 February 2014 experiment-based estimates of nutrients in asteroids, and of the biomass and populations that can be Received in revised form derived from these in situ bioresources. In this respect, we found that carbonaceous chondrite 24 September 2014 meteorites can support microorganisms and plant cultures, suggesting that similar asteroid materials Accepted 1 October 2014 are also biologically fertile. The sustainable biomass and populations are determined by the available Available online 16 October 2014 resource materials, their yields of nutrients and biomass, the biomass needed to support human Keywords: populations, the duration of the ecosystem, and wastage. The bioavailable C, N, and electrolytes in Astroecology carbonaceous chondrite meteorites vary as CM24CR24CV34CO34CK44CK5 in correlation with Asteroids petrologic type, including aqueous alteration. Their average bioavailable C, N, K and P can yield 2.4, 3.5, Biomass 2.5, and 0.08 g biomass/kg resource material, respectively, showing phosphorus as the limiting nutrient. Meteorites 19 Solar system On this basis, soluble nutrients in a 100 km radius, 10 kg resource asteroid can sustain an ecosystem of 8 9 Space settlements 10 kg biomass and a human population of 10,000 for 410 years, and its total nutrient contents can sustain a population of one million, by replacing a wastage of 1% of the biomass per year.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Disciplinary Relationships in Astrobiology: 2001-2012
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Graduate School Collection WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship 2014 Mapping disciplinary relationships in Astrobiology: 2001-2012 Jason W. Cornell Western Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet Part of the Geography Commons Recommended Citation Cornell, Jason W., "Mapping disciplinary relationships in Astrobiology: 2001-2012" (2014). WWU Graduate School Collection. 387. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/387 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Graduate School Collection by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mapping Disciplinary Relationships in Astrobiology: 2001 - 2012 By Jason W. Cornell Accepted in Partial Completion Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Kathleen L. Kitto, Dean of the Graduate School ADVISORY COMMITTEE Chair, Dr. Gigi Berardi Dr. Linda Billings Dr. David Rossiter ! ! MASTER’S THESIS In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Western Washington University, I grant to Western Washington University the non-exclusive royalty-free right to archive, reproduce, distribute, and display the thesis in any and all forms, including electronic format, via any digital library mechanisms maintained by WWU. I represent and warrant this is my original work, and does not infringe or violate any rights of others. I warrant that I have obtained written permission from the owner of any third party copyrighted material included in these files. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of this work, including but not limited to the right to use all or part of this work in future works, such as articles or books.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Evidence Against the Panspermia Theory Massimo Di Giulio
    Biological evidence against the panspermia theory Massimo Di Giulio To cite this version: Massimo Di Giulio. Biological evidence against the panspermia theory. Journal of Theoretical Biology, Elsevier, 2010, 266 (4), pp.569. 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.07.017. hal-00620582 HAL Id: hal-00620582 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00620582 Submitted on 8 Sep 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Author’s Accepted Manuscript Biological evidence against the panspermia theory Massimo Di Giulio PII: S0022-5193(10)00374-7 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.07.017 Reference: YJTBI6079 To appear in: Journal of Theoretical Biology www.elsevier.com/locate/yjtbi Received date: 3 June 2010 Revised date: 8 July 2010 Accepted date: 19 July 2010 Cite this article as: Massimo Di Giulio, Biological evidence against the panspermia theory, Journal of Theoretical Biology, doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.07.017 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form.
    [Show full text]
  • Planetary Bioresources and Astroecology 1. Planetary
    Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Chemistry Publications Dept. of Chemistry 2002 Planetary Bioresources and Astroecology 1. Planetary Microcosm Bioassays of Martian and Carbonaceous Chondrite Materials: Nutrients, Electrolyte Solutions, and Algal and Plant Responses Michael Noah Mautner Virginia Commonwealth University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/chem_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA) All rights reserved. Downloaded from http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/chem_pubs/78 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Dept. of Chemistry at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chemistry Publications by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Icarus 158, 72–86 (2002) doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6841 Planetary Bioresources and Astroecology 1. Planetary Microcosm Bioassays of Martian and Carbonaceous Chondrite Materials: Nutrients, Electrolyte Solutions, and Algal and Plant Responses Michael N. Mautner Soil, Plant and Ecological Sciences Division, Lincoln University, Canterbury 8150 New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8002, New Zealand E-mail: [email protected] Received August 28, 2000; revised February 5, 2002 INTRODUCTION The biological fertilities of planetary materials can be assessed using microcosms based on meteorites. This study applies micro- Rocks and soils in early aqueous planetary environments may cosm tests to martian meteorites and analogues and to carbonaceous have provided resources for the origins of life and nutrients chondrites. The biological fertilities of these materials are rated for early microorganisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservative Colonization: an Ethical Analysis of Galactic Expansion Parker Vesely
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln UReCA: The NCHC Journal of Undergraduate National Collegiate Honors Council Research & Creative Activity 2018 Conservative Colonization: An Ethical Analysis of Galactic Expansion Parker Vesely Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ureca Part of the Educational Methods Commons, Gifted Education Commons, and the Higher Education Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the National Collegiate Honors Council at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in UReCA: The NCHC Journal of Undergraduate Research & Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. UReCA: The NCHC Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity 2018 Edition 1 Conservative Colonization: An Ethical Analysis of Galactic Expansion Parker Vesely Southern Utah University Introduction Space: the final frontier. Humanity has long held a fond appreciation for this vast unknown, and it has been featured in both art and academia since the dawn of time. Scientific knowledge of both the Earth and the solar system have greatly advanced in the last seventy years since humanity launched its first object, a German V-2 rocket, into the atmosphere. This obsessive curiosity did not cease with the Lunar Landing, but instead increased ten-fold with dreams of extraterrestrial life and extraterrestrial living. As the day humans will set foot on Mars steadily approaches, humankind faces a daunting dilemma: how can life be sustained outside of Earth’s orbit? While important, this question is not the focus of this paper. Arguably more important are discussions on how colonization can be achieved ethically.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on Cosmopolitanism, Otherness and Astrobiology
    Alien life matters: Reflections on Cosmopolitanism, Otherness and Astrobiology Andre Novoa Northeastern University University of Lisbon National boundaries are not evident when we view the Earth from space. Fanatical ethnic or religious or national chauvinisms are a little difficult to maintain when we see our planet as a fragile blue crescent fading to become an inconspicuous point of light against the bastion and citadel of the stars. Travel is broadening. (Sagan 1980, p. 318) Astronomically, the United States and the USSR are the same place. (Sagan 1980, p. 196) Abstract This is a synaptic paper that invites the reader to take a stroll on the edges of cross-disciplinary knowledge. We will walk the roads of anthropology, history, philosophy, astronomy and biology. It is mainly a theoretical article, where I attempt to provide links between authors and theories that were, at first sight, unrelated. In doing so, this paper is aimed at making one controversial claim: ideologically and politically speaking, cosmopolitanism may never fully transcend itself beyond a debate until and unless humankind encounters alien life forms. The argument is based on a simple equation. Despite all the quarrels and debates around the concept, it seems safe to assume that cosmopolitanism is the search for a certain universal identity or, at least, a search for a common culturalia, i.e. the cultural grounds wherein local and global senses of universalism come into being (section 2). In spite of the fact that identities are built in opposition and supported by difference (section 3), cosmopolitanism might only be possible as a political project (cosmopolitics) when humankind is faced with life forms that are capable of providing true Otherness.
    [Show full text]
  • ([email protected]) Detecting Planet Obliquity in Thermal Phase
    Arthur Adams ([email protected]) Detecting Planet Obliquity in Thermal Phase Curves In the last 15 years observations of exoplanetary atmospheres have expanded greatly with both transmission spectra and broadband photometry, the latter of which now often encompasses at least one full planetary orbit. We have seen a parallel advance in the sophistication of theoretical models applied to these data, which now often take into account molecular chemistry, large-scale circulation, and cloud formation/dynamics. Still under consideration is the appropriateness of using complex physical models to explain data which suffer from low signal-to-noise and potential uncharacterized instrumental noise sources. Our recent work has analyzed all available full- and partial-phase light curves from Spitzer's IRAC with a model that considers only the minimum number of physical processes reasonably motivated by current data. In many cases this simple model captures phase offsets and amplitudes for both circular and eccentric exoplanets. However, the orientations of planets’ spin axes relative to their orbital planes can have a large influence on the observed light curves, despite such information currently not being constrained from observations. We show that, for a range of planet obliquity states, both the amplitude and phase offset of thermal phase curves vary significantly. Additionally, when the planets’ rotation is fixed to predicted rates, there exist high-obliquity states which can capture observable features, including phase offsets. We consider the Saturn-mass planet HD 149026 b as an example of a planet whose high core mass, formation, and evolution would be consistent with the high-obliquity fit from our model.
    [Show full text]
  • 80 (April 30, 2015)
    ArAS News N E W S L E T T E R ARMENIAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY (A r A S) No. 80 (April 30, 2015) ________________________________________________________________ Editor: Sona FARMANYAN ArAS Newsletter online at: http://www.aras.am/ArasNews/arasnews.html _______________________________________________________________ 1 CONTENTS 1 Journal Astrofizika/Astrophysics – 50 3-4 2 NAS RA Decision on BAO ISAC Report 5-6 3 BAO Young Scientists Activities 7-10 4 BAO Plate Archive Project Kick-off 11-14 NAS RA General Annual Meeting and Armenian Astrophysicists 15-18 5 6 SEAC Annual Meeting 2015 19 “Relation of Astronomy to other Sciences, Culture and Society” 7 20-33 Meeting Abstracts 8 Astronomical National Olympiad 34 9 Release of IAU Astronomy Outreach Newsletter April issue 35 10 Release of EAAS Astrocourier April issue 36 11 Anniversaries: Armen Sedrakian – 50 37 12 Anniversaries: Bernhard Brandl– 50 37 13 May Calendar of Astronomical Events 38 2 General News 50th Anniversary of Journal Astrofizika/Astrophysics This year we celebrate 50thanniversary of the journal Astrofizika/Astrophysics(Afz/Ap), which was founded in 1965 on the initiative of Viktor Ambartsumian as an USSR All-Union journal to publish recent results in the field of astrophysics. The original journal is being published in Russian as ―Астрофизика‖ (its digitized papers for the years 1993-2014 are present at NAS RA Fundamental Library at http://www.flib.sci.am/eng/Astrophysics/Frame.html) and later on, it is translated into English and re- published as―Astrophysics‖ (before by “Plenum Publishing Corporation” and at present by “Springer”).Afz/Ap publishes papers on Solar and Planetary Physics, Stellar Astrophysics, Variable Stars, Nebulae and Interstellar Matter, Active Galactic Nuclei, Stellar and Galactic Evolution, Large-Scale Structure of the Universe and Cosmology, Radiative Transfer Theory, Stellar and Planetary Atmospheres, Astroparticle Physics, Multiwavelength and Space Astrophysics, and Fields of Physics and Mathematics related to Astrophysics.
    [Show full text]