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^Asopisagencijezavodnopodru^Jerijekesavesarajevo ^ASOPIS AGENCIJE ZA VODNO PODRU^JE RIJEKE SAVE SARAJEVO 2008 Godina XII 61 SADR@AJ AVGUST 2008. • Broj 61 • Godina XII UVODNIK I. Zari}, M. Bobi}, B. Miljanovi}, M. Savi} D. Hrkaš SAPROBIOLO[KA ANALIZA KVALITETA VODE UVODNIK AKUMULACIJE BO^AC NA OSNOVU SASTAVA I DINAMIKE FITO I ZOOPLANKTONA KORI[TENJE VODA H. Popovi} T. Kupusovi} JO[ PONE[TO O SVJETSKOM DANU HIDROENERGIJA, AKUMULACIJE I OKOLI[ ZA[TITE OKOLI[A SA IZAZOVIMA KLIMATSKIH PROMJENA U BiH ZA[TITA OD VODA A. Pe}anac RAZVOJ TURIZMA U DOLINI RIJEKE DRINE H. Resulovi} NASTANAK I U^E[]E TALA/ZEMLJI[TA U BiH ZA[TITA VODA KOJA ZAHTIJEVAJU ODVODNJU G. Mirkovi} VIJESTI I ZANIMLJIVOSTI REZULTATI ISPITIVANJA POVR[INSKIH VODA SLIVA RIJEKE SAVE NA PODRU^JU FEDERACIJE BiH - M. Gakovi} IZVOD IZ ELABORATA VODA ZA KALIFORNIJU Autor kolor fotografija na naslovnim i srednjim stranama ovog broja je in`. Mirsad Lon~arevi}. Na fotografijama se nalaze detalji sa rijeke Une (naslovna strana te prva i druga strana sredine), zatim prizori rijeke Kru{nice koja se ulijeva u Unu (predzadnja i zadnja strana). Na srednjim stranama je snimak napravljen u neposrednoj blizini izvori{ta Klokot kod Biha}a. "VODA I MI" Savjet ~asopisa: Predsjednik: Sejad Deli}, direktor AVP Sava; Zamjenik ^asopis Agencije za vodno predsjednika: Ivo Vinceti}, predsjednik Upravnog odbora AVP Sava; podru~je rijeke Save Sarajevo ^lanovi: Ha{a Bajraktarevi}-Dobran, Gra|evinski fakultet Sarajevo; Enes Sara~, direktor Meteorolo{kog zavoda; Bo`o Kne`evi}; Faruk [abeta. http:/www..voda..ba Redakcioni odbor ~asopisa: Dilista Hrka{, Mirsad Lon~arevi}, Aida Izdava~: Bezdrob, Elmedin Hadrovi}, Mirsad Nazifovi}, Salih Krnji}. Agencija za vodno podru~je rijeke Save Idejno rje{enje korica: DTP STUDIO Studentska {tamparija Sarajevo Sarajevo, ul. Grbavi~ka 4/III Telefon: ++387 33 56 54 00 Priprema za {tampu i filmovanje: KKDD d.o.o. Sarajevo Fax: ++387 33 56 54 23 [tampa: PETRY d.o.o. Sarajevo E-mail: [email protected] ^asopis “Voda i mi” registrovan je kod Ministarstva obrazovanja, nauke Glavna urednica: i informisanja Kantona Sarajevo pod rednim brojem: 11-06-40-41/01 od Dilista Hrka{, dipl. `urn. 12. 03. 2001. godine. Uvodnik DILISTA HRKA[ PO[TOVANI ^ITAOCI, ijest o tome da na planeti Mars ima VODE, nedavno objavljenoj u svim svjetskim i do- ma}im medijima, kod mnogih je primljena V kao nada i ohrabrenje, kao mogu}i izlaz iz neke nemogu}e situacije na na{oj maj~ici Zemlji, kao svjetlost za budu}nost ljudskog roda i njegovog op- stanka, kao, u krajnjem, i mogu}nost da smo stvar- no nekada davno, davno i sami do{li s Marsa! Jer, kako je ina~e nastala ona ~uvena da je neko “pao s Marsa”!? Bilo kako bilo, vijest je dobra i zanimljiva i, makar nakratko, bila je vi{e udarna nego pri~a o naf- ti i cijenama njenog barela. O cijeni barela vode na sre}u ne govorimo. A i koja bi to cijena bila? Mo`da cijena `ivota! I, ako na Marsu ima vode, onda ima i `ivota i mogu}nosti da ~ovjek nastani taj planet. A do tada, sa onih manje od 1% raspolo`ivih resursa slat- ke vode na Zemlji treba raspolagati tako da odlazak na Mars radi vode odgodimo koliko god je to mogu}e. Svijet je bremenit raznim problemima i neda}a- ma, ali one koje se zovu nesta{ica vode i hrane, ne- maju premca. Te su ve} ozbiljno zaprijetile milionima ljudi na Zemlji i opasnost od njih se {iri na razli~ite na~ine prema onima (nama) koji misle da je prostor na kojem `ive neuni{tivo pribje`i{te njih (nas) samih. Stoga nam i sti`u sve ~e{}a upozorenja svjetskih stru~njaka okupljenih na mnogobrojnim konferenci- jama i forumima o vrlo ozbiljnoj potrebi da preostale navodnjavanje u procesu proizvodnje hrane, otvara- prirodne (`ivotne) resurse na na{oj planeti koristimo ju “prostore” nekim neracionalnim odlukama a zarad na odavno dokazanom optimalnom odnosu eko- ko zna kakvih interesa. Najve}a opasnost ovakvog nomsko-tehnolo{kih principa i odr`ivosti postoje}ih stanja i njegovog eventualnog produbljivanja je u to- ekosistema. Dakle, na op{te poznatom principu me da }emo na{e dragocjeno vodno blago “potro- ODR@IVOG RAZVOJA. {it” br`e nego nego {to to mo`emo i zamisliti, a mo- Gledaju}i lokalno, zna~i ove na{e bosansko-her- gu}i }e oporavak trajati veoma dugo i ko{tati neza- cegova~ke prostore, va`no je re}i da se problemi mislivo mnogo. Vremena i uslova za promjenu ovog dru{tva koje je u tranziciji itekako ogledaju u oblasti stanja imamo jo{, samo nam treba volje i `elje, stru- voda, prije svega kroz “raslojeno” upravljanje voda- ~nih mi{ljenja i kvalitetnih odluka i visokog nivoa ma i vertikalno i horizontalno, a zatim i kroz razno- materijalne i moralne odgovornosti . Ta i takva ulaga- vrsnu i neharmoniziranu legislativu. To se neminovno nja u vode isplati}e se vi{estruko i dugoro~no. A odra`ava na stvarno stanje na terenu, pa problemi Mars }e i dalje ostati i biti daleko od nas. poput stalnog rasta broja zaga|iva~a voda, devasta- cija vodotoka, stalno rastu}ih potreba za novim koli- ~inama pitke vode, te slabe razvijenosti sistema za Autori su u cjelosti odgovorni za sadr`aj i kvalitet ~lanaka. 3 VODA I MI BROJ 61 Kori{tenje voda Prof. dr TARIK KUPUSOVI] HIDROENERGIJA, AKUMULACIJE I OKOLI[, SA IZAZOVIMA KLIMATSKIH PROMJENA U BiH Rezime Svijet se dijeli na one koji se globalno povezuju i one koji ostaju izolirani. U prvom dijelu rada, sumiraju se svjetski i evropski trendovi u energiji, klimatskim promjenama, hidroenergiji i akumulacijama, te upravlja- nju okoli{em. U nastavku se prezentiraju BiH izazovi, postoje}a situacija, planovi i mogu}a budu}nost ovih sektora. Klju~ne rije~i: energija, okoli{, klimatske promjene, hidroenergija, hidro-akumulacije, BiH izazovi 1. Uvod ristup energiji, vodi (i hrani) je svakodne- vna osnova `ivota svakog ljudskog bi}a. Na gra|ane uti~u vi{e cijene, nesigurnost P u snabdijevanju energijom i vodom te efe- kti klimatskih promjena. Jedan od osnovnih stupova na{eg `ivota i na{e ekonomije je odr`ivo i sigurno snabdijevanje energijom i vodom, po prihvatljivim ci- jenama. Dr`ave u Centralnoj, Isto~noj i Ju`noj Evropi su- o~avaju se s trostrukim izazovima teku}e ekonom- ske i politi~ke tranzicije, pove}anoj ranjivosti na oko- li{ne (prirodne i druge) opasnosti te dugoro~nim uti- cajima klimatskih promjena. Bosna i Hercegovina, dodatno ima postratne i ustavne izazove. Budu}nost BiH zavisi od brzine kojom }e se na- laziti prihvatljiva rje{enja za sve njene gra|ane, tri konstitutivna naroda i dva entiteta (+ Distrikt Br~ko), a koja }e stimulirati njen ukupni ekonomski razvoj. Srbija i Kosovo su veliki izazovi, i za sebe i za me|u- narodnu zajednicu, Hrvatska se ubrzano pribli`ava ~lanstvu u Evropskoj Uniji, ali jo{ mora izvr{iti i insti- tucionalizirati neophodne reforme. Reforma dru{tva u skladu s europskim normama stvarno je tek zapo- Dio rijeke Une gdje se nalazi HE “Una” Snimio: M. Lon~arevi} 4 VODA I MI BROJ 61 ~ela u Albaniji, dok Makedonija i Crna Gora jo{ do- Tradicionalizmom, koji ne dozvoljava ve}u liberali- datno imaju probleme s etni~kim podjelama [3]. zaciju privrede, {to je neophodan preduvjet za du- I dok su sve navedene zemlje tzv. Zapadnog Bal- goro~ne eksplozivne stope rasta od oko 10 %; kana, sve skupa i pojedina~no u potpunosti zaoku- Vi{im cijenama rada u odnosu na druge nerazvije- pljene svojim specifi~nim problemima, svijet i okolne ne zemlje, {to ne privla~i strane investicije i ne vo- zemlje napreduju, kre}u se i mijenjaju sve br`e i di razvoju radno intenzivnih industrija i masovne, br`e. Nakon Slovenije i Centralno-europskih dr`ava tr`i{ne poljoprivredne proizvodnje; biv{eg Isto~nog bloka, ~ak su i Bugarska i Rumunija Nepovoljnim demografskim kretanjima, jer stano- od pro{le godine postale ~lanice EU. Rusija je opet vni{tvo postaje prosje~no sve starije, dok mla|i i sve zna~ajniji svjetski faktor i pro{iruje svoj uticaj na sposobniji odlaze u razvijene zemlje. Balkan, kao svoju tradicionalnu interesnu sferu. Kina i Indija se veoma ubrzano razvijaju, povezuju i zaklju- Bosna i Hercegovina je tek na po~etku novog pu- ~uju dugoro~ne ugovore o saradnji u oblasti razvoja ta, za koji }e doma}e institucije preuzeti punu odgo- infrastrukture i kori{tenja prirodnih resursa sa mno- vornost za budu}nost svojih gra|ana. Op}i ciljevi su gim zemljama. Sli~no rade i Ju`na Afrika, Meksiko, nesporni i jasni: ~lanstvo u EU, izgradnja demokrat- Brazil, Australija, Indonezija, Koreja i druge velike i ske i pravedne dr`ave, jednakost svih ljudi, smanjenje napredne ekonomije. Potpuno je jasno da zemlje Za- siroma{tva i ekonomski razvoj, saradnja sa susjedi- padnog Balkana ne pridaju dovoljno pa`nja ovim {i- ma, itd. Problem je kako i kada sve ovo implementi- rim trendovima. rati. Doma}i kapaciteti za postizanje ovih ciljeva bili Svijet se po~inje dijeliti na one koji postaju sve su osnovni problem i u proteklom periodu, optere}e- vi{e globalno povezani, i one koji sve vi{e ostaju izo- nom ratom i njegovim posljedicama. Na`alost, siner- lirani. Jasno je da nema razumne alternative global- gijska rje{enja koja bi eliminirala institucionalne, pra- nom povezivanju, ali su zemlje u regiji ve}inom pre- vne i organizacione probleme u izgradnji BiH kao mo- okupirane vlastitim problemima, pa ne u~estvuju do- derne i prosperitetne zemlje, jo{ nisu prona|ena; [3]. voljno u svjetskim trendovima; [3]. Zemlje Zapadnog Balkana ne mogu posti}i po- 2.
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