DE A CTIBUS ALFONSI DE CARTA GENA : BIOGRAPHY AND THE CRAFT OF DYING IN FIFTEENTH-CENTURY CASTILE
Jeremy Lawrance University of Manchester
I, Manuscript trudiitun. authorship, and date
De act thus Alfonsi de Cartagena episcopi Purgens is is known to scholars as a source on the life of Alfonso García de Santamaria, later called Alfonso de Cartagena. a leading figure in the ecclesiastical and literary history of fifteenth-century Castile In this paper 1 approach the text from a different perspective, attempting a literary study of the work together with critical edition, translation, and commentary. De actibus is preserved in two fifteenth-century witnesses, M (Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, MS 7432. fols 89-92) and /■ (Fermo. Biblioteca Comunalc. MS 77, fols 54r-60) A further witness, now- lost, is listed in Father Sigüenza’s sixteenth-century catalogue of the Escorial library Alfonsi de Cartagena libri Genealogiae Regum His panic cum tractaiu quodam inccrti autlioris de ciusdcm Alfonsi uita et
References to De achbus arc io hnc-mimbcrs in my edition below The "ork is used by Manuel Martinez Anibatro > Rixes. Intento de un diccionario biográfico y bihfiogrtifico de autores de ¡a provincia de Hurgas (.Madrid. Manuel Tello. 1889), pp 88-115; Luciano Serrano, conversos D Pabto de Sama Maria y I). Alfonso de Cartagena obispos de Purgas, gobernantes, diplomáticos y escritores (Madrid CSlC. 1942). pp 119-260. and Francisco Cantera Burgos. J/ror (jarcia tie Santa Mario i su familia de conversas: historia de la judería de Purgas > de uá Conversos más egregios (.Madrid CS1C. 1952). pp. 416-64 The text was fj rsl edited by Yolanda Espinosa Fernández. La 'Anacephuleods de Afonso de Carta gena: edición, traducción. estudio. ? vols. Colección Tesis Doctorales. 243/89 (Madrid. Universidad Complutense. 1989). I, 38-49 122 Jeremy Lowrance actibus membr. lL|/w/av. F44] I 17’2 In all three cases the text was copied as a postscript to Anacephaleosis regum Hispanic a geneal ogical roll of the kings of Castile on which Canagcna was engaged in the months before he died De actibus is anonymous in all (he witnesses A clue to its author ship has been sought in the subscription on fol 71 v of M. at the end of the penultimate quire cii'Atiacephaleosis:
hunt libnim scripsit Iohannis siincii de nebreda capeHa mis ccclcsic Burgcnsis de mandato Reuerendi pains donnni alfonsi de-eaftnjem» ep |m mv.J hunts noininis sccundi Episcopi Burgcnsis /a quo coinpositus fun El fuil pcrfccius fiber isle ultimo die febroarii Anno dotnim inillesimo qundnngcntcsimo quin, qnagesuno sexto poniificatus sanctissimi in Clinsio pains ct donum Donnni Pape Calisli lercii Anno pnmo Rrcgnantc domino nostro cnrrico quano Rcgni cius Anno sccundo. uiccssimo anno sui Episcopatus
On the basis of this note it has been assumed that Juan Sanchez de Nebreda, Cartagena's amanuensis at the end of his life, was the author of De actibus.' Cursory inspection of M disposes of this hypothesis De actibus occupies a separate quire of four leaves added at least five months after Nebreda's subscription of 29 February 1456 (Cartagena's death occurred on the following 22 July), the hand does not match any of those in the rest of the MS 4 Its Latinity and orthography are also different. The date in Nebreda's subscription, ‘ultimo die febroarii
? Guillermo Antolin. Catalogo de lox códices latinas de la Real tiibbuteca del Escuna!. 5 vols (Madrid, imprenta Helénica. 1910-23). V. 331-48?. ai pp 335-36 ’ Martine/ Anibarro. Intento. p 98. ’atribuido á Juan Sanche/ de Nebreda'; Serrano. Lus conversas. p 237 (but more cautiously hcclia por uno de los fami liares de don Alfonso', pp 119-20. □. 3); Camera. .4Aw Garcia de Santa .¡May su familia, p 493 n. 65. Espinosa. l.a 'Anacephafcoxix'. I. 37. n 4 ’ Espinosa. La ‘Anacephateosts’, I. 147. points io the difference between Nebreda's hand and the rougher script of De actibus. Different again is the hand in Nebreda's copy of Cartagena's Doctrinal de cavaderas in BN MS 12.796 (Tsium libnim perfccit lolianncs de Nebreda’, fol. I I9v> from the Count of Haro's library; sec Jeremy Lan ranee. ‘Nueva luz sobre la biblioteca del conde de Haro inventario de 1455'. El Crotaitm: Anuario de Etiología Española. I (1984). 1073-1111 ai pp 1105. $148. and IID8-11. De adi bus Afonsi de Cartagena 123
Anno domini miliesimo quadringentesimo quinquagesimo sexto\ show$ five divergences from that of Cartagena’s death in De actibus 340-42 uicesima secund a die menssis lulfii anno a natiuitatc Domini nostri Iesu Christi milesimo quadragentesimo quinquagesimo sexto (sec apparatus ¿k//«:.). Nebreda’s ‘domini Domini Pape Calisti ter- cii‘ is distinct from De actibus 383, do minus calixtus papa teilius’ Furthermore, the copy of De actibus is not original, but an apograph Its mistakes are clearly due to scribal incomprehension. What author, however careless, would write ‘carga ginesis' for ‘Cartaginensis’ or ‘cum post? llanus’ foe ‘Compostcllanus’ (De actibus 22. 36)? Variants in F suggest that these and other mistakes in ,V were cor rectly written in the archetype from which both descend (see Section 4 below) In sum, it is highly improbable that Nebrcda was either copyist or author of/_te actibus Alfonsi de Cartagena The question of authorship must therefore be tackled afresh from internal evidence. The writer was a cleric with strong ties to the diocese of Burgos Besides his devotion to the bishop he shows inti mate knowledge of the cathedral and Sarmental palace, its building works, treasures, and festivals, and of the chapel of the Visitation and its library, which he used as the basis for his account of Cartagena’s pastoral and literary works By contrast, lie shows little interest in his subject’s career in the royal council It is safe to assume, then, that our author was one of the circle of clerics associated with Carta gena’s celebrated cathedral schola His style, though vivid, is not elegant or even correct, but his narratixe is lucid and shows practice in writing While the barbarous Latinity of De actibus excludes authorship by either of (he (wo most famous writers from this schola, Alfonso de Palencia and Rodrigo Sanchez de Arevalo, both of whom polished their orthography and grammar in humanist Italy, there is another candidate from the same circle who merits consideration, Diego Rodríguez de Almela (ca 1426-89). Almela. whose father had been a familiar of Cartagena’s father Pablo de Santamaria during his tenure of the see of Cartagena, entered Alfonso de Cartagena’s service as a paje with a scholarship from the chapter of his native Murcia in 1440. at the same time as Palencia and Arevalo. Almela t ecal led. in the 124 Jeremy Ixrwrance dedication of his Valerio de las estorias, how Cartagena pul hint t0 íearn Latin and gave him the run of his library.
Como yo estovicsc de hedat de catorze años en servicio del muy reverendo mj señor don Alfonso de Cartujana de gloriosa memoria. obispo de Burgos.: por su merced me mandase aprender gramática, algund tamo mtioducto ene]la como en su enmara oviese muchos libros de diversas sacudas thcologales.- de philosophic, leys, t cánones. : asi mesmo muchas escorias r crónicas asi déla sacra cscriplura como de emperadores, reyes, z principes, señalada mente délos de España, por non estar ocioso |.. ] di me a leer?
As was his custom with clever students in the schola. Cartagena provided Alíñela to a living in the cathedral chapter of Burgos, and made him his camarero 6 Almela accompanied Cartagena on his final pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, and would have been present at the scenes recounted in De actibus 219-350? After the bishop’s death Almela remained in Burgos until 1464; he then returned to Murcia, where he was appointed to a canonrv by the good offices of Cartagena’s nephew Juan Ortega de Maluenda, bishop of Coria Almela idolized Cartagena, speaking of him in many works and writing a eulogy in f ííZctvo de las estorias (a work planned by Carta
Diego Rodríguez de Ahucia. I dieno de ¡as estorias escolásticas e de Espana (Murcia- Lope déla Roca. 1487). facsimile rpi edited by Juan Torres Fontes (Murcia. Real Academia Alfonso X cl Sabio. 1994). ‘Prologo'. fol. Al. at p. 7 AImola's prologue is dated 23 March 1462. • Eoiniiians and archpriest of Urbel (Sanlibáilcz-Zitrzagtida?). granted a media roción in the cathedra! 24 September 1455. in Burgos. Archivo Capitular (henceforth ACB). Reg. 14. fol. 164 (Serrano, ¡.as conversos, p 198); 'criado ■ camarero del dicho mi señor eJ obispo*, ill Alíñela, taterw de ¡as estarías. fol$. Alr/p 8. and A3Wp. 12. On Almela (or AJmclla. equally common in contempo rary sources) sec Torres Ponies’ introduction to Almela. ¡dieno de ¡as estarías. and Diego Rodríguez de Ahucia, ('artas &/< MSEgerton i/7Jy edited by David Mackenzie. EHT. 25 (Exeter: University of Exeter. 1980). ACB. Capilla de la Visitación (henceforth CV). Libro I, Ibis Ixxxv-l.xxxvi. Cartagena signs a document in SanliagO 12 June 1456 witnessed by ’Diego Rodríguez de .Aliuella beneficiado en la iglesia de Burgos, arcipreste de Urbel’ (Cattieta. Alvar (¡arria de Santa Mario y su ftinidin. pp. 446-47). see n 50 m lite transía «ion bolo» De act ibus Alfonsi de Cartagena 125
gena himself) which shows detailed parallels with De actibus' When the ürst German printer arrived in Valencia Almela contracted him to publish Cartagena’s Oracional. together with two shorter treatises and Fernando Pérez de Guzman's Coplas sobre la muerte de don Alfonso de Carrajena (Murcia' Gabriel Luis de A riño & Lope de la Roca, 1487). On a visit to Rome in 1467-68 Almela obtained a bull to found a chape! of (he Visitation in the new cathedral of Murcia, in imitation of Cartagena’s chantry of the same name in Burgos (cf. De ocuhus 207-18)° Almela admitted his Latin was mediocre (‘porque mi sciencia es poca, propuse el su deseo cscrivir en nuestra lengua castellana', ía/erio de las estarías, ‘Prologo’, fol. Alv/p 8); in securely attributed works he uses the language only in two subscrip tions. too short for certain identification but by no means incompat ible w'ith the Latinitv of De actibus.^ In sum, Almela's candidacy lor authorship of De actibus. though speculative, is rather persuasive. The copies of De actibus are undated hs circumstantial details of Cartagena’s death in Villasandino on Thursday 22 July 1456 (see Section 2) arc unlikely to have been recorded long after the event On the other hand, the list of the bishop’s works concludes ‘Omnia uero predicta librorum uolumina reposila sunt in libraría eclesie Burgensis transíala et scripta post obituin cius’ {De aettbus 157-58) Since the task of collecting and copying Cartagena's works ’after his death’ must have taken some time, it is logical to conclude that De actibus was completed in 1457 There are signs that the text was consulted by later writers, notably Cartagena’s protege Fernando de
’ Ahucia, ¡'(¡lena de las esmrias. Vilt.6.9. ío! S6/pp. 289-90; compare De nv.lt- bux 34-156 and nn. 24. U. 37. 39. 45. and 53 io my transJauon. On Cartagcna's original plan for tlic Spamsli VaJerius scc 'Prologo', fols Al-h-'pP "-8. *En su vida cognosci ser su deseo que. como Valerio Máximo délos fechos romanos : de oíros tizo una copiiacion | . |. que asi su merced entendía fazer oirá copilacmn délos fechos dcla sacra scriptura z délos reyes de Esparta. de que cosa alguna Valerio non Pablo. lo qunl d fczieni en latín esenpto cu palabras «científicas z de grand cloqueada. si bivio a.’ Bul] of 2(1 Augusi 1466. cilcd m Alinda. ’■ alenu de lt/s extonas. pp. xni. xviíí Alinda. Cortas. pp. 16. 76 ('Eiusdcni dominatioms vestrae devotísimos oraior o liddisunus scnitorci capclamis Didacus canonicus Canagcnensis ) 126 Jeremy Lawrance
Pulgar for his scmblanza in Claras vat ones de Castilla (written ca 1483-85).11 Among other correspondences of content. Pulgar’s con. elusion, ‘Fino conosciendo a Dios e dexando fama loable e claro excmplo de vida\ shows affinity with the main theme of De act i bus as we shall now see
2. I''orm and genre
De actibus is avowedly an account of Cartagena’s life and works. However, despite its title and connexion with the bishop’s historical Anacephaieosis (to which it is linked by internal allusions at begin ning, middle, and end, 13, ¡49-56, 357-66). De actihiis is no straight forward biography. It consists of an encomium whose specific centre of interest is revealed in the climactic scene of Cartagena’s exemplar}' death, which occupies nearly half the narrative (Df actibits 219-390). The account of this death includes careful details of the pious dispositions of the bishop's will and testament, as well as a long account of his last words and actions. The agonia is accompanied by miracles and omens and closed by plangent lamentation. These scenes are preceded by a pilgrimage to the jubilee in Santiago for the acquisition of indulgences for Cartagena's soul in Purgatory (he died on the road back to Burgos) The biographical account of his deeds and charitable works {De uciibus 34-218) functions as a prologue to the death; the whole work is structured as a paradigm of the nouissima or last things of a good Christian. Seen in this light, what makes the literary pattern of De act thus interesting is its blending of two distinct genres. The first, correspon ding to the introductory biographical section, is the semblanza or pen-portrait. Properly speaking, setnblanzas were a collective genre, being assembled in galleries of short lives whose purpose was to epitomize a generation, a cultural movement, or a national character, and often arranged into comparative series (good r bad, ancient r. modern, etc.) They belonged to an ancient biographical genre.
Fernando dcJ Pulgar. l'ijrwît'.v de i îkîî//î?. cdilcd b\ R. B Tare (Oxford Clarendon Press. 1970). pp 65-68 De act ¡bus AIf ansí de Cartagena 127
typified by Plutarch's Parallel Lives. which was revived and popular ized by Italian humanists in the fifteenth century In Spain the genre achieved its classic form, the anthology of retrospective sketches of the leading men of the writer's own generation, in Fernando Pérez de Guzmán’s Generaciones>• semblanzas and its imitation by Fernando de Pulgar, ('¿aros varones de ( astilla The popularity of the genre was reflected in a variety of less well-known works in Latin and Spanish such as Bartolomeo Facio’s humanist De virisaevt sui illus trious written in Naples for Alfonso V of Aragón, Pérez de Guzman’s Afar de historias (based on Giovanni Colonna’s Mare hisloriarum), Cartagena's Anacephaieosis, Alfonso de Toledo’s Espejo de las isfo- rics on heroes of antiquity. Books XXIH-XXV of Lucius Marinaeus's Opus de rebus Hispaniae memorabilibus, and Pere Miquel Carbo- ne.l’s De viris dhtstnbus Cuialanis" There were also a number of translations of Plutarch’s and Suetonius’s Lives, the most important being the magnificent two-volume Phnhurcho of Alfonso de Palencia (Sevilla Compañeros alemanes, 1491).12 *14 De act¡bus signals its affiliation with the semblanza by its opening quotation from the deuterocanonical Wisdom of Jesus ben Sirach (‘Let us now- sing the praises of famous men, our ancestors in their generations’, Sirach 44 1), the passage which provided (he ihema of Fernando Pérez de Guzman's poetic Loores de los claros varones de
12 Willacc K. Ferguson. The Renta ¡.saw m Historical Thuu^hf hue (entunes oj buerpretmum (Cambridge. MA Riverside Press. 1948). pp 18-27. gives a brief overview of the rise of humanist biographical collections from Filippo V Hani's kite fourteenth-century De avitutts Hfiuentiaefamous ctvihus through Bruni. Biondo. Concse. Aeneas Silvi us. and Vcspasiano da Bistkti io Giorgio Vasari's sixteenth-century Vite. n See B Sanchez Alonso. Htstona de tn histuno^rajia española. I. Hasta la puhlitacibn de Id crónica de Ocampo (O54i/, 2nd edition (Madrid: CSlC. 1947). pp 308. 377-78. and 344-46. 14 J > Lasso de la Vega, ‘Traducciones españolas de las Fwfas de Plutarco'. Estudios Clasicos. V] (1962). 450-71; Jorge Bcrgua Caveto, Estwtuu sabre fa tnidiatw de Piularen cu h.spoña (sudas A ¡il-XI 'll}. Monografías de Filología Griega. 6 (Zaragoza: Universidad de Zaragoza. Departamento de Ciencias de la Antigüedad. 1995). 128 Jeremy Iterance
España, and inspired the title of his prose Generaciones y semblan, zas'* ¡Je actibns is longer than a typical semblanza by Guzman or Pulgar, but in other respects it resembles them, characteristic are its choice and arrangement of material, beginning with the subject's lineage and proceeding tc> an account of his deeds shaped by medieval estates-theory (ecclesiastical in this case, and hence concerned with scholarship, pious works, and pastoral duties rather than martial exploits). Also typical *cl the genre is Ue actibus's moral purpose Its encomiastic content is shaped by the requirements of rhetoric, omitting much of substance in Cartagena's career while including anecdotal and exemplary material.Sb These formal resemblances to the semblanza are offset, however, by striking divergences. The tone of Ue aefibus is quite different from (hat of Guzman’s and Pulgar’s biographies, with their affecta tion of dispassionate balance, the forensic concern to portray subjects as blends of contrasting vices and virtues, and the final judgment on their place in the scale of con tempo rar)- history. De aclibus, by con trast, ends with lamentation, a paean on the defence of Belgrade against the Turks by János Hunyadi, and a verse epitaph To explain why our text is so unlike a semblanza in these respects we must turn to the second of the two generic strands in its makeup. It is here that the concentration on Cartagena's deathbed provides the clue The pattern of out text is determined by the arfes bene moriendi, texts
1:1 De actthus I-4. Our author probably knew both Guzman’s texts, given the latter’s contacts with Cartagena during the 1450s white writing Generacionesy semblanzas (started cu I45Ü. completed alter itic deaths of Juan II and Ál\aro de Luna tn 1453-54); sec Fernán Pérez de Güzinán. (k’/rerrtcjufftcv y semblanzas. ediied by KB. Tate. Colección Tántesis. B2 (London: Tatncsis. 1965). p. xvi. 6 Francisco López Estrada. La retórica cu las Generaciones v uwMwjms de Fernán Pérez de Guzmáo’. Jíma-ío about (he an of dying which spread throughout Latin Europe in the fifteenth century ‘ The iw.v manendi tradition needs to be distinguished from the general late-medieval fascination with the macabre, with its common places about purgatory', indulgences, worms, and the iconography of Fortune's wheel, Death’s dance, and the cauldrons of Hell The distinctive contribution of the crafts of dying was their concentration on a particular space, the deathbed, and on the ritual of (he gtsani— that is to say, the behaviour of the Christian at his iransi/Ms. the moment at which (he soul leaves the body (o run the gauntlet of invisible hosts of demons. The biblical locus for this ritual occurs in a source whose relevance to De acubus has already been mentioned. Wisdom oj Jesus ben Strack (1 I 20-28. cf n. 66 to my translation) For h is easy for (Ik Lord on the day of death io reward a man according io his conduct. An hour’s misery makes him forget past delights, and m the Iasi end of man bis deeds arc repealed Cail no man happy before his death: by how he ends a man becomes known Aries manendi set out io describe the perils of this terrible 'day of death’ and teach techniques for combatting them.1* In Spain their influence can be (raced in works ranging from Manrique's ('oplax u la mitene de stt padre io Dan^a general de la nmer/e De acltbus is a humble but significant example. ’ Mary Callurine O’Connor. The Art ofDymg Ji v//. the Development of the Jr> Manendi (New York Columbia University Press 1942): Dtciricli Bnescmcisier. ’Die Uberhcicrung 3. Sources and style The primary source of De actibus was personal acquaintance with Alfonso de Cartagena. Several details of the biography are found in no other account, and bear traces of autopsy or oral information, such are the story about the Hussite spies who set fire to the bishop's lodgings (De acfibus 97-108) and many details of Cartagena's words and actions on his deathbed (237-351) Circumstances such as the presence of Cartagena's brother Pedro and his sons (243-44) and the memorable vision of the Blessed Virgin Mary (306-14) cannot be attributed to invention or the conventions ot'ars mortendi. Nevertheless, it is clear that the author also conducted research in the library and archive of Burgos cathedral. Among numerous details which reveal consultation of documents are the terms of Cartagena’s last will and testament (De act¡bus 249-60) and his wish to take part in the crusade against the Ottoman Turks, explicitly quoted from Anacephaleosis (357-66) Both derive from volumes chained in Car tagena’s chapel of the Visitation (see nn. 34, 53 to my translation) In fact the bulk of the factual information about the bishop's career turns out to be based on this collection (De aefibus 34-156, see nn 10-11, 14, 16-18, 24-35, and 50 to the translation). Another source may have been the epitaphs on the family tombs in the Dominican friary of San Pablo Pablo de Santamaria’s epitaph, which should be compared with De aciibus 16-33, ran as follows Hie rcquicscit corpus Rcvcrcndi Parris Domini Pauli. / miscratiouc dtvina Episcopi Burgcnsis. Magistri in ihcologia. / Archicanccllani & Consiliarii serenissimi Dili, nostri Regis / Joannis hums nominis II Qui vcncrandus Pontifcx banc / Ecclcsiam cum Sacristia & Capitulo suis siimptibus «edifica- vit / Additiones ad poslillam Magistri Nicolai de Lyra & librum qui dicitur Scrutinium Scripiurarum ad fidclium erudilioncui / & infidchum impugn»- lioncm coinposuh F.I posi hacc & / mulia alia pia opera. libcratus de corporc mortis hujus / profectus cm ad omnipotentcm Deuni seuex & plcnus diervm / xxjx. die Augusli Anno Domini mcdxxxv asatis wro sua: .• iaxxiii de mentia divina ¡Hum in gloria sua collocarc dignciur Amen. Gonzalo de Santamaria's epitaph, which also supplies phrases in De actibus (eg ‘legitimo [ ] matrirnonio’, 17. 4una ex parte parietis. De acti bus AIfon si de Cartagena 131 et ex altera pane’. 28), ran as follows Hic quicscit corpus revcreiidi patris donuiti Gundisalvi cpiscopi Seguntiiii decrctonnn doctoris auditoris et consiiiaioris scrcntsimi principis doinim nostri lohanis huius nontinis sccundi regís Castcllc ct Lcgioiiis: hic vene randas pontifex fuít filius ex legitimo mairiinonio natus rcverendi pontificis domini Pauli cutos corpus in altero pariere lumulatum cstetit El post mulla pin opera literatus de coiporc monis huius profcctus est ad oimupoicnicni Dcum 17 tnensis Dccembris anni 1448. ctans vero sue 49. Clemencia divina ilium in gloria sua col loca re digna ur Amen?" Cartagena was buried not in San Pablo, but in the chapel of the Visitation in Burgos cathedral. The epitaph on his alabaster tomb may have been available to (he author of De aenbua. Hie quicscit corpus rcucrendi patris drti Alfonsi de Canajcna cps. burgensis qui inter alia opera pia capcllam l‘anC fien fccil ,n Qu;’ set cm capeUanos ci duos acollitos perpetuo instituir fuit mnator paos ct paeem inter Iohancm Cnsicllq ct Iohancm Purtugalic reges atqnc inter iinperaiorcm Albcrtmn ci regent Poionic firmauic plurcs libros ad utilitatcm publican) condidit. Dc- fensorium fidci: Oracionalc Memorialc uirtuiuin: Doctrínale militum: Ge- ncalogiain regum Uptime: Duodenarium. ct de prchemincncia scsionis inter Castcllc ct Anglic reges traciaium edidit ct in concilio Basilicnsi pro regno Cusidle scntenciain obtinuit et in fine dictum suoruni sanctum lauobum anno mbilei uisitauit ct in dioccsim strain rcdicns spirituni altissimo redidii tn opido de ViUascndmo xxil Juiii anno Diu mccccí.vi ciaiis ucro sue anno i.xxi:i *'■ San Pablo was demolished in 1865; the epitaphs are recorded m Henrique Flore/. España sagrada. XXVI. contiene el estado antiguo de /as iglesias de Auca, de Ful puesto. y de Burgos. justificado can msiruineidus legítimos. y memorias meditas (Madrid Oficina de Pedro Marin. 1771). p 587; and Isidro Gil y Gabtlondo. •Descripción histórica y pintoresca del Templo de San Pablo de Burgos’, Boletín de la CumMún Frovmaol de Monumentos Históricos v Artísti cos de Burgos. II (1926-29). .125-33 (posthumously printed) *' M Martine? Burgos. 'En torno a la catedral de Burgos. 11 Colonias y Siloes . Boletín de la Institución Fernán (ionzátez. Ano XXXIIÍ. No. 128 (,kr Trimestre. 1954) 215-26. shows lite tomb was started before Cartagena s death (ACB Rcg 13. fol. II. 1449. ubi* ram monument uní lapidcum sub quo corpus nostrum rc- condaiur [ | sculpium et fabricauim csC. p 217). See Martinez AAibarro./n- tentu. p. 98. and Cantera. ,4/iw Garcia de Santa Maria yxufundía, p 491 n 51 132 Jeremy /.awrance Parallels between the epitaph and De actthus are the list of books and the emphasis on Cartagena's role as peacemaker between Castile and Portugal and Albrecht 11 and Whdysiaw 111 (for other contacts see nn. 48 ad fin.. 55 to the translation). Further sources were probably contemporary letters, sermons, and relaciones on Cartagena’s death, genres which in the fifteenth cen tury fulfilled the role of newspapers As a rule such ephemera do not survive, but we have evidence of their existence in a letter to a friend written a few days after the event by the Burgos poet Fernando de la Torre. Torre excuses himself for not having mentioned his friend's encomienda to Cartagena's brother Pedro oil the grounds (hat the latter was overcome by grief at the bishop s funeral, en esto, pues es tamo notorio'. he goes on to say, ‘no me quiero detcnci Despite the brevity topos, Torre detains himself with a long but uninformative passage from his own consolatory letter to Don Pedro 21 One other contemporary testimony survives, Fernando Pérez de Guzmán's elegiac Coplas sobre el transitu de don Alfonso de Caria- tena, ‘Aquel Séneca espiró / a quien yo era Lucilo' It is impossible to establish priority between this text and De acribas. but there is evi dence of contact between them Guzman uses an exagera! to to express the loss which Cartagena’s death caused to moral and natural philosophy, law, theology, oratory, history', and ’toda sotil poesía’ oy perdieron un notable e valiente caballero. un relator claro c vero. un ministro comendablc. | ] l.a obra literaria de Temando de la Torre, edited by Maria Jesús Dic? Carretas (Valladolid’ Universidad. 1983). cxcvi. pp 361-62. from Madrid. BN MS Res -35. fots 78-87. ¡ni epistolario scni lo llic alcalde mayar of Toledo. Pedro Lopez de Ayala, in January 1457 (dated t.vT. i c Incarnation style) '' ( opios que Jizo el noble cavadera Perrand Pérez de Guzman sobre cl iránsUu del reverendo padre don Alfonso de ('artajena. obispo de *.Hurgo leí L1 Escorial. Real üibhotcca. MS h.ll.22. íols 173-74. The verses «ere printed by Alíñela m Alfonso de Cartagena. Trac lado que se llama el Oracional de Pen toad Perez (Murcia: Gabriel Luis de Ariúo & Lope de la Roca. (487). fol L6 De acíibus A/fonsi de ('arfare na 133 La yglcsia nuesira madre oy perdió un noble pastor, las religiones un padre, la fee un grant defensor, pierdan c ayan dolor los que son estudiosos c del saber deseosos un grant yntcrpcirador (cop/ar ill. II. 1-4. iv. U. 1-8). This is reminiscent of the bystanders’ lament on Cartagena s death tn De aenbus 346-48 fdcfensoi ftdei, augmentato r religionum. pater uiduarum ct orphanorum, recrcator pauperum. captiuonmi redemtor. amator pacis, litium mitigator’). Again. Guzman talks of the inscru tability of divine providence (‘Señor de la alta tribuna, /¡quanto es cura c quail sin luna / es tu hordenan^a secreta1’, copia vil, II 4-6), and of human ignorance of God’s purpose in robbing Spain of its greatest souls: quanto grande es la distancia de nuestra gruesa ygnoranqia. husada a mat presumir. de) lu juy/id di\ mo alto c y«estimable. Señor mió uoo c trino de SQicncia vneon paruble. Lo que a nos razonable parescc. Señor perfecto, al tu eterno conspccto no es grato nin aceptable {copian rx. 11. 6-8. x. 11 1 -8). The same topic appears in a similar context in De actihus 348-52. Venjm Dominus lustus index, cuius indicia abissus muirá ñeque humane cogmtionis egent. propcrauii educere cum de medio iniqmmtum. nc malicia inmutare! cor cius. pkicila enim eral Deo amnia iilius Idee liberan» cum de hac lacriinanim uallc. whose last phrase also finds its echo in the conclusion of Guzman's elegy 134 Jeremy Lowrance El fcnix de nucstra Esper i.i sqcntc c muy virtuoso ya dexo la gram iniscria deslc vallc lagrinioso {aopln Nil 'Fyn'. II 4).1* These coincidences are no more than commonplaces, but both texts belong to the same milieu and their authors must surely have known each other. These, then, were the material sources of De aclibns As for stylistic models. I have mentioned semblanzas and artes manendi as patterns for the work’s structure I hree details merit farther com ment The first is the miracle of the midnight epiphany of the Virgin in a supernatural sunbeam which shines through the closed window of Cartagena’s chamber in De actibns 306-14 The episode alludes to the family’s surname Santamaria and the fleur-de-lys of their coat of arms, both of which expressed their claim to be descended from Mary through the Levitc ancestors of Pablo de Santamaria (before conversion Shlomo ha-Levi, rah mayor of Burgos). The miracle s telling owes much to the conventions of medieval hagiography, where visions arc commonly portrayed as beams of light in both written and pictorial representations In view of Cartagena’s special devotion to the Virgin of the Visitation, one cannot help noting a parallel in the Lesson prescribed for the feast of the Visitation, the beautiful typological J'tyura from Song of Songs 2 8-14- 'Hark! My beloved’ Here he comes, bounding over the mountains [. ] there he stands outside our wall, peeping in at the windows, glancing through the lattice' (‘stat post parictem nostrum rcspiciens per fenestras, prospi- ciens per canccllos’) ’4 The second noteworthy detail is the ‘solemnis proposicio de mundi contempt u et de spe nite future which Cartagena makes on his Mixsate Roniatium. Proprium Sanctorum. Die 2 Juin In VisiWlionc B.M.V.. Lcclio The connexion lies in the First line. ‘Eccc istc venu softens m innimhus'. cf. Luke I 39 ‘E.xsurgciis Maria abiil in immtann cum fesunamtne' (sec ctchbus 210)i penetrating mysteriously through closed doors or windows was a symbolic figure of virgin conception For iconographie parallels sec Michael Camille, Gûfhic Art I ïxionsand Representations of the Medieval World. Every- man An Library (London Wctdcnfeld Nicholson. 1966). pp 18-25. De acti bus A If oust de Cartagena 135 deathbed (De actibus 242-99). The part of this sermon given in wfl- tto recta (262-99) offers nothing of note, but its circumstances —the presence of Cartagena’s brother and nephews— are significant pablo de Santamaria dictated an Epistle to His Sons on his deathbed in the episcopal residence in Cuevas de San Clemente, where he had gone to avoid the plague, on 28 August 1435 Pablo's action followed the medieval Jewish tradition of the finis (.tavv<7«) or •ethical will’, a custom which originated in the injunction to Abraham to ‘command (TO, wwix') his children and his household after him to keep the way of the Lord by doing righteousness and justice’ (Gen. 18.19).’5 Could Cartagena’s proposicio be modelled on his father’s Judaic example9 The last element of actibus for which no analogue can be found in the conventions of semblanza or ars moriendi is the closing epigram of seven hexameters (De actibus 391-97) The scansion is amateurish and the text doubtless corrupt, but the apostrophe ‘o lector' in 397 locates the poem within the ancient tradition of lapidary epitaphs addressed to a passing reader, of which a well known example in Spanish is Juan Ruiz’s petafio for Urraca/TTotaconvcntos CEl que aquí llegare ( ] un paternoster diga', libro de buen amor. strophes 1576-78, at 1574a-c) The poem masquerades as a kind of funeral inscription, although anyone could verify (hat it was not in scribed upon Cartagena’s tomb. It thus strikes a consciously literary note in what claims otherwise to be factual narrative The Latin of De actibus is crude. The syntax is predominantly SVO rather than SOV. while the vocabulary suggests school-Latin, not Cicero Sonic features are frankly vulgar (a) ablative absolute in the active, and as subject of a verb ¡'Ipsoque transeúnte per ciuitatem Auimonis, fecit ibi quam- dam solemnisimam proposiciones’, 44-45) " Israel Abralwuns (ed & (runs). nwis (Hrbrer Ethical »7/Av._ 2 vols (Philadelphia. Jewish Publication Socich of America. 1926), Pablo's Liter» missa tempore obaux sin is copied with Ins lestaniciit in ACB. CV Libro 2. lol. 45 (Camera. ,'1/wv Garcia de Santa Maria v am familia. pp. 33—36: Serrano. Los conversos. pp. 107-08). 136 Jeremy Lawratwe {h) ablative gerund used as adverbial or participle CAltonsus existendo in predicto concilio generali, defendendo et proCu. rando'. 60-61. "crat [... ] disponendo inire prelium’, 81-82' ‘consolando’, 243; ‘notificando?, 247, ‘dicendo’, 26!) (r) confusion of reflexive/non-reflexive 3rd-person possesses (‘clientuli sui et familiares post obitum posuerunt nonien eius’. 163-64; ‘fratrem swim et subcessores suos [i.e eius]’, 218. ‘communicaucrunt [ . J de manu sua [i.e. Alfonsi| omnes de domo sua’, 227-28, ‘pars wz [i e magni Turcij cxercitus capti fuerunt’, 384, and see apparatus tir/213. 242), cf. the early loss in Castilian of the opposition preserved in French son /ear, Catalan sett-Unr. Italian suo loro. (d) possessive or partitive de (‘singulare de openbus’, 155-56, ‘fratribus de capitulo’, 169, and see apparatus ad 380-81) (e) lexical items such as ambaxiator, 37; co/w. 71 (see transla tion and note ad loc ); ¿ww twmorzrm ‘genie de armas'. 81. treuga* 90; guerra. fiwiiaria, J13, lonbarda 385 Also noteworthy are substandard constructions such as qaaienits subjunctive in indirect commands (‘rogo [.. ] quatinus deprccentur’, 324-25. a usage typical of the papal chancery), concessive licet * imperfect subjunctive ( licet esset extraneus’, 87; ‘licet esset clausa fenestra’, 308, but cf correct ‘licet ego sim', 296). and collective nouns with plural predicate (Tegni Bohemic, qui erant dicti inperato- ris aduersarii', 93-94, 'pars [ | capti fuerunt’, 384)26 Despite this rugged inelegance of language, the verse epitaph shows literary ambition Examination reveals further signs of sophis tication. I'he author carefully manipulates the resources trt amplifh eat io and the Three Styles prescribed in ars dictaminis For example. Concord adwnswn is not unknown in classical Latin; see B L. Gildcrslccvc A González Lodge, ('p/r/t'r.v/mr 5 balín Grammar, 3rd edition (London Macmil lan. 1936). §211. Remark 1. Exception a. pp. 1JX-49; M. A. Caro ítR I. Cuervo. Gramática de fa lengua latina para el uso de las que hablan castellano. 10lb edition (Bogotá: Instituto Caro y Cuervo. 1972). §125. pp. 285-86 Bui there is no parallel fol such shockers as regmtni qn> eram or pars capa Juerunt The solecisuc tense of the latter is a patent calque oí Romance 'fueron caul nados’. De acubus A Ifonsi de Cartagena 137 the captado heiievoleniiae of the exordium (De acíibux I - l 0) aims to delight with tropes of the Middle Style such as a biblical /wwto». an allusion to a vernacular poem, rhythmic cursus in clausúlete (‘mé rito collaudándos’, ‘peruénerit ad pórtum’). and alliteration, anaphora, asyndeton, and a nautical conceit in the amplification of a sememia from Ecclus. ¡1:30 (‘lauda post mortem, magnifica post coosuma- tionem. lauda nauigantis felicitatem. sed cum peruenerit ad portum'). By contrast, the climax of the narration (De acribas 336-52) seeks to move with tropes of the Grand Style such as the prosopopeia of the bystanders’ rhetorical questions, pathetic doublets and repetitions (‘mcror et luctus’, ’cur deseris [...] quare relinquis?’, 'quant us luctus [, . .] quanta lamenta’), and an exaggeratio of seven laudatory epithets ('defensor *pacis io ’litium mitigator’) The author shows himself to best advantage, however, in the Low Style of narrative In his accounts of the adventure of the Bohemian incendiaries (97-108). the miraculous sunbeams which play about the bishop’s deathbed [306-14). and the scene of Cartagena's passing (328-42) homely diction and paratactic syntax are used to dignified etTcct El neníenle ptcsbiicro I . | dixit ‘Ecce uidco mirare per liuius camcrc fcncstrain quosdam soils radios’ |. . | Et rcspondcnmi ci quod illi radii so lares |... | eral beata virgo Maria | .. ] El sic reccpit sacre iinciioius piagucdincm |. J El accedentes obsculati fncruiu matins cius. c< dedil cis bcTicdictonciii. The model here is the sermo hundís of Jerome's Vulgate There are many biblical and liturgical echoes (e g. 289, 292, 343. 348, 389) These stylistic effects raise the intriguing proposition —anathema to humanists— that one may express ideas forcefully in barbarous Latin. In his preference for the humble style the unknown author of De actibus was doing no more than follow the precept of Cartagena, who wrote in one of his last works dcsplázcinc quando veo tender a aquel estillo antiguo gentil c pagano c con grande studio inquirir aquellas oraciones c viejos (melados que f/icron los griegos c aun los romanos ame que la sania fee rcscibicsscn. c arredrarse de la suave c sana cloqucuQa de los santos doctores l j e de oíros muchos que los siguieron c siguen, mezclando con sus fablas e cscripuuíis aciortzablcs dichos 138 Jeremy Lowrance del canon muy sacro, que por duque c guiador de nuestras tablas e aün pensamientos devenios tener/' This idea, which derives from a famous disfinctio in Gratian’s Deere, turn (D.37). is already adumbrated in Cartagena's first works of 1422-23, Memorial* uirtutum (‘nec altum loquendi modum quaesiui sed plane et pedcstti Stilo et uerbis ad nostram doctnnam utilibus usus sum', Escorial MS Q-ii-9. lol. Ir) and Tubo de los oficios (*e$ de trabajar principalmente en la Santa Escriptura e en los libros de los católicos e santos dolores', BN MS 7815. fol 33 v) 4 Textual criticism and editorial entena The codicological description of Madrid. BN MS 7432 is as follows; 1 (fols 1-88) Cogitanti michi fratres dilectissimi - Qui iti trini- tatc perfecta uiuit et regnat Deus in sécula scculorum Amen |= Alfonso de Cartagena. Anacephaleosis] Contemporary marginal additions and notes (for date see 86v on Cartagena’s ‘cognomento de caitajena’ and the fall of Constantinople in 1453, and 87-88v on the nobles ’presently' at the court of Enrique IV, i c after 23 July 1454) 2 (fols 89-92v) [n/ftric] ^De actibus rcuerendisimi in Christo patns et domini domini alfonsi de cartajena Episcopi burgen- sis. | Eclesiasticus uates - super addas olcctor *** A7 'Omaonal' de Afonso de ('cirtagemi edición chaca {compona ion did Me- nnscrUt) l(>0 de Santander y el incmiab/e de X farcin'. edited b) Sihia González- Quevedo Alonso. Hispanófila. 28 (Chapel Hilf Albatros. 1983). p 49. with corrections. ** Sec Lopez Estrada. 'Lu retórica cn las Generaciones i semblanzas . 339-49; Karl Kohut. Zur Vorgcschichtc der Diskussion um das Vcrltiltms von Christen- turn und aulikcr Kultnr ini spanischcn Huiivmismus: die Rolle des Derretían Gratiam in dcr Übcnnittlung pairistischcn Gcdankciigiilcs'. Archie far Kutturge- schichte. LV (1973). 80-106; Ottavio Di Cimillo. ¿7 humanismo castellano del siglo ,Yi (Valencia: Fernando Torres. 1976), pp. 49-66: Alonso de Cartagena. t.tbros de lidio: De seaetute. De ios ojfaios. edited by Maria Morras. Poctria Nova. 2 (Alcalá de Henares Universidad 1996). pp 60-100. 206-07 De acubiK Alfcmsi de Cartagena 139 ¡456-0/ 1457?, paper, i »• 92 * i. 290 * 210, foliated in ink 1-2 (s. XVI). 3-92 (s. XVIII-XIX?) (1) A12. B,u. c-u’2 f”\ )•’, O* lacks I, j/ lacks I. A K4; quires B, l). I- with catchwords (fols 1-88); (2) l4 (fols 89-92), separate and detached from the rest at the spine. Text by two or three hands in I. and by another in 2. as follows: (Li) B-E ^redonda‘ book-hand, neatly ruled in single column 175 x 110. with spaces for 3-line initials, rubrics, and illuminations; (l.ii) a. f-k in varieties of a gothic bastarda, ruled in single column 220 * 110. with calligraphic penstrokes and spaces for rubrics and initials, signed by ‘Iohannes Sanctii de Nebreda’ on the last leaf of G (fol. 71v), where three lines are recopied from the bottom of 70v as a bridge to the first leaf of the next quire. H (fol. 72); (l.iii) the outer bifolium of c (fols 23/34) in a cursive bastarda. 130 * 140, and (2) I, untidy bastarda in single column of ca 45 unruled lines, with rubricated t¡(ulus Bound in gilt-stamped pasta espahula (s XVI¡1) with a red morocco tejuelo inscribed 'CAR FAG | GERCIA ; RklNI | *.MISPAN The original signature of the Biblioteca Real Publica, T-184, appears inside the front cover and twice on the verso of the flyleaf, the provenance is unknown A The number of leaves in quires a-K is irregular, and the text has been untidily accommodated (the first leaves after the sewing in G and .M have been cut out. leaving stubs at the gutter after the present fols 68 and 75. while the outer bifolium ofc was added by a second hand to supply omitted (ext, and (here are blank pages at (he end of A at 12v, || at 75v. and K at 88v). The simplest explanation for these anomalies is that this was the original borrador* assembled from foul papers copied in stints by two or more amanuenses and subsequently collated and corrected. From the presence of marginal additions and notes by Nebreda. Espinosa Fernandez deduces that Hand J’s quires were written first, after which Nebreda annotated and corrected them and added the remaining quires at beginning and end 11 *' /m«ntan6 general de mnnuscrttOS de /a HibHoteca Xacionnt, XII (Madrid Direction General de Arcliivos y BibJioiccuS, 1987). pp 93-94 Espinosa. La 'AnacephnUosis'. 1. 146-49. She also shows (lui (lie watermarks of (tic iwo slims are different. though she docs not consider ibe imriguing possibi lity fhai Hand 1 may be Cartagena's hologr.iph. ¡40 Jeremy Law at ice I have not been able to see Fermo, Biblioteca Comunale, MS 77 My description is based on photographs and the catalogue by Prete?'1 1 (fols ’2-54’, i.e 1-53) Liber genealogie Regum hyspanie com- positus per modum arboris (fol. 36 blank), (fols ‘54v-60’, i.e 53v-59) [rubric] De actibus reuerendissimi in Christo pair is et doinini domini Alfonsi de Cartagena episcopi burgensis | [space Jar 3-line initial with guide-letter Ejcclesiasticus vates - cum Christo quicscat Amen (fol 59',* i.e 60, blank) 2 (fols 61-107) Cardinal Niccolo Roselli, op, Inquisitor General of Aragon (d. 1362), Liber ex diversts regisins et ex lihris Camerae apostolicae. (fols 107v-l 17) Alitpta ex solenipni- bus factis summorum pontficum. (fols H7v-l20v) ¿)? nnrcibilibits cnntatis Rome (fols 128-l30v) Oracionales et gesta noiabilia facta per dominos summos pontifices. (fols 13 h’-138) Fetellus archidiaconus (s. XII), Liber locorum sanctorum I he nt sale m. (fols 139v-147) De ortn et operibus morte sepuhura ill. et sanctorum uirontm cpn tn scriptura X commemorantur. (fols 147-48) De Machometo (fols 148- 208) [Cardinal Boso (fl 1154-78),] Romanorum pon- tijicttm (fols 208-235v) Various Acta ponttficnm front Gregory' IX to Clement VI, (fol. 23 5 r) Finito hac die xxiiii mensis maii AD Mcccclxix (fol 236 blank) 3 (fols 237-98) Cunstiiutionespontifictae, the last dated 1468 (fol i) index of the present contents of the MS, s XVI ** Marginal notes on fols ‘2-11’ (i e. 1-10) and ‘54v-60’ (i.e. 53v-59) in a later cursive ($. XVI-XVH?) s XV2 («7 1469), paper, i + 298 * ii. fols 61-235 with old foliation I- 175 and fols 237-98 with old foliation 1-62 Collation a-f1", remain der uncertain A composite MS of three separate items, the last two M Serafi no Proto. / codio delta liibiioteca (’omimule di bermn caluiogo. Ribbo- teca di bibliografia Kaliana. 35 (Firenze Leo S Olschki. I960). pp. 100-05. By his own account Prcte*s foliation begins on (lie inserted flyleaf and miscounts lhe leaves of (he Iasi iictn: I place his folio numbers for cite first item in inserted commas, and silently emend lhe rest 1 am grateful io Fabiola Zurlini and the Biblioteca Comnruilc di Ferine for kind help in providing plioiographs of the MS De actibas Alfonsi de Cartagena 141 dated 1469 and after 468*1 Item 1 is in a handsome fifteenth-century book-hand with gothic trails, in ruled double columns of 40-42 lines, spaces for initials with guide-letters, blank ruled spaces at the foot of the columns for arms and miniatures of the kings. On fol i, arms and mottoes of Giovanni Ludovico Della Rovere. archbishop of Turin 1503-10. and a note of s XVI. 'Habui ab lllmo Cesare Costa patrvo meo archiep. Capuano' (i.c. the jurist Cesare Costa. 1530-1602), antique signatures ’4 C A 2777', Q q 7/31 *. The stetnmatic relation between i he two witnesses is shown by the following three arguments (j) Significant errors common to M and /•': K7 ui homo The second and third cases demonstrate that both witnesses descend from a single archetype The first and last passages likewise indicate a common origin, although my corrections are conjectural In 206 the phrase ‘aut (uel /•] alias per uiam subsidii *gratiosi is probably an interpolated gloss on the preceding phrase, ‘exigere ali- quid per uiam subsidii'. Either the copyist of the archetype included a reading from another MS {alias, 'elsewhere, i.e in another wit ness'). or he was unable to read his exemplar {alias, ‘otherwise’) Either way, the archetype cannot have been the original (fr) Significant errors unique to M 39 duos regts /• dominos rcgis A/ 41 noiarios /'notis.U 160 sibi quoniam sj ipso uidcine Fsibi jpo VidetcA/ 190 eratrimA/ This archetype was pcrlwps die losi Escorial MS (see n. 2 above), winch may have conic from the chapel of ilx Visuaoon 277 nice am Af 290 nullum /' mullum Af 316 dicta tm A/ 341 quatuorcentcsimo /- quadragenteshno A/ (cf. 377] These show that M was not the source of/ Il is (he unintelligent reassuringly unadventurous work of an amateurish copyist (///) Significant errors unique to b’ 2 cap.’’ 44vi * . A/capiíuJo uiccsnno P 106 scdicionc AJ seductionc /• 110 Rcncrsus nero A/ rcucrendus ucro cpiscopus /•' 112 cl infantem Enrricum om P 151 reginis A/ regnis /•’ 183 Toribi Af ibi P 209 Mana, quando om p 273-74 el turbationcs regnomm c( propici ncgoiia !multiplicat* om P 305 un cli o n is A í benedtc i io 11 is 391-97 uenus hexametrat om P i cannot be the source of M h is a clear professional copy with much improved orthography, but makes dangerous stabs at stylish improvement (dmn exisferef. 60, denoiissime. 260, ipsius regnit 380- 81) and commits errors of trivialization (eg. migrarimt, 7; tempora, 154, mamemaneat 177; celebrationis, 211, obiturn swim. 213). It also interpolates a connexion between De actibus and the preceding Anacephctleosis (‘librum hiinc', 13). The omission in 112 (and per haps in 273-74) could be political, from a desire to avoid allusion to Enrique IV's role in the turhauones of his own and his father’s reign The conclusion is that both witnesses derive independently from the archetype Reconstitution from two witnesses is technically im possible. bur in most cases choice between the indifferent variants is relatively simple. Conjecture is required in three places (87, 116, 372) The only previous edition, by Espinosa (La Anacephaleosis'. I, 38-49). seems to be an uncritical working transcript of */■. My copy text is M, which is closer to De actibus's Burgos milieu, being bound with the foul papers of Cartagena's Anacephaleosis. Its barbaric orthography reflects the phonology of Iberian Latin, note De actibus Aljbnsi de Cartagena 143 especially the reduction of geminates and betacisms in acesit, interbalo, beniebat, resurecionis, etc. and the indistinct graphs c, r, and dl in -acto -alio, -entia -encia and spellings such as uicto (i.e 196), iticia (i.e uita. 250). perdicta (365), media note (appara tus ad 307, cf media nocte, 99). abcessum (i.e obsessnm. 374). rescepit (261, cf. recepn, 80), and intedetu (295), which show that our copyist always pronounced c. /. ct, and sc next to a front vowel as/ts/ That these spellings were present in the archetype is strongly suggested by the stray preservation of a few such flics in the amber of Fs more polished orthography (eg pre facta for prefata, 188, obscuUati. 328). sometimes even in places where M spells correctly (e g addito for a dicta. 57. inducti for mdnii, 104, perdiciione. 107; sumam. 258). I supply modern punctuation The text is written without break in both witnesses, but a division into live sections is indicated with hnerae noiabtliores in M, here marked by Calderones («]) and inden ted paragraphs The division lias little to recommend it in logical terms, but is convenient for cross-referencing between text and trans lation The apparatus lists all substantive variants, but not the ortho graphic differences which affect most words. Conjectures are en closed in square brackets, the abbreviations adnot. in marg, ins. and om are used for adnoiavit. m margin*. inserfinn, and omisti The translation and commentary seek to explain the literal mean ing and literary texture of De uctihi/s. I do not attempt to contribute original matter on Cartagena's life and works For these the reader is referred to the biographies by Seri ano and Camera Burgos and the bibliographies of Martinez Anibarro. Fallows and Morras ’’ Noel Fallows. ‘Alfonso de Cartagena a Tentative Bibliography’. ht Canmica. XX (1991-92). "8-93. Maria Morras. Repertorio de obras, manuscritos y documentos de Alfonso de Cartagena (co. 13X4-1456)“. tioletin iiibhognifico de tu Asociación llispántca de Literaiura Medieval: Cuadernos tfibtmgrójicas. V (1991). 213-48 144 Jeremy Lowrance 5. 7exf VDe actibus reuerendisimi in Christo paths et domini Domini Alfonsi de Cartagena episcopi Burgensis Eclesiásticas uates filius Sirac uocatus Icsus in suo libro F-c/esiasiico quern in canotié Sacre Scripture recipimus capitulo 44 clarisime docet nos debere laudare uiros illos qui in suis etatibus claruerunt, dicens: 'Laudcmus uiros gloriosos.’ Similiiet Petrus cancellarius regis Cas- < telle in suo metro quod dieti ur Maris sttila assent uiros i I lustres qui acumine ingenii retulseruni esse mérito collaudandos Et hoc sig- nanter agendum est postquam a seculo migrauerint glorióse, nam scriptum est ’Ne laudaueris homincm in uita sua’. quasi dicat: lauda post mortem, magnifica post consumationem, lauda nauigantis felici- io tatem, sed cum peruencrit ad portum •JCum igitur reuerendus pater dominus Alfonsus de Cartagena Burgensis episcopus inter precipuos nostri temporis ceclesiásticos uiros uita et sapientia claruerit. fecit cnini Jibrum De genealogía regum ispanie et quam plures tractatus alios, idcirco dignum est ut i? actus cius prccipuy publicentur, ne illa que sunt digna relatu cum cor pora sepelliantur. Fuit enim filius domini Pauli glorióse memorie. Qui quidem Paulus sue iuuentulis tempore legitimo fuit matrimonio copulatus. quo quidem stante matrimonio duos inter ceteros pro- genuit Cilios. Alfonsum scilicet el Gondisaluum; sed relicto coniugii io iugo adhesit cclcsiasticis dogmatibus, et in Parisiensi studio sacre pagine magister efectus rursus fuit in pontifican sublimatus primo quidem Cartaginensis, postea Burgensis. Quern dominus lohanncs Sccundus in hoc nomine rex Castells suuni prefecit maiorcm cancel- larium omni tempore uite sue Isle fecit insignem ecclesiam Sancii 25 Pauli circa ciuitatem Burgis de ordine Predicatorum Sancti Dominici cum capella, dormitorio, sacristía et libraría miro lapídeo tabulatu Cuius corpus honorifice nunc iacet humatum in capite dicte ecclcsie Tilulus Cartagena F Cartaicna M irubrtcam senpsil tntwns altera, cf n. .as. etc.» 2 44". A/ uicesimo /•’ 7 migraucrini M migraninl F B libnnn 3/ libnim hunc et ¡a marg adnoi Alfonsi liuius libri aullions laudes 22 Cariagineñ /'’carga gine!- A/ *2 Burgis A / burgcil F 26 capel la A/ capitulo í’l tabula tu /'tabú lato A/ De acti hits Alfonsi de Cartagena Sancti Pauli una ex pane parictis, el ex altera pane iacei sepukus GondisaluiJS prcdictus eius filius, qui fuit episcopus Seguntinus Nichilo minus fecit librarian) Burgensis eclesie. et fecit quasdam Addiliof/es super Nicholattnt de l ira in glosa super tolam Bibliam. necnon libtum De scrufinio Scripttirar tint, quos uidelicct cum aliis posuit in dicta libraría ecclesic Burgensis. «jOoininus autem Alfonsus uir claras ingenio et semper vastus continuis studiis et ecclcsiasticis fuit dogmatibtis applicatus. utriusque juris doctor Qui dum esset dccanus Compostellanus ct Segouiensis fuit bina uice nnsus ambaxuuor in Ponugaliam per predictum doini- nutn lohannem regem Castelle Qui diuina gratia et sua solerti indus tria paeem perpetuam inter duos reges et duo regna firmauit, cuius uidelicet pads et concordie instrumentum confect utn publice per notarios se constat signatum m quodam libro qui mtitulatur De concordia pacts in dicta libraría Vkerius fuit missus ambaxiator per dictum dominum lohannem regem ad concilium genérale congrega- tuin in Basilca ciuilate, que est in Alamania. Ipsoque transeúnte per ciuitatom Auinioms, fecit ibi quamdam solemnísima™ proposicionem et repcticionem Super legem (¡alus. ubi erat totuin Auinionis cole gia™ congregatum XXU doctonim et hcenciatorum et quant plurimo- rum bachalariorum et literatorum Deinde procesit in Basíleam, ubi per cardinales concili fuit honorifice receptus et per uniuersos prela tes et alios asistentes in concilio multipliciter honoratus Vbi pei multum tempons residens fecit quamdam proposicionem solennem Co/Wa Anglicos super prehemineticia sesionis trout el selle ei corone regis ( aste/le, m qua quidem proposicione euidenttsimis ra- cionibus et probabilibus argument is deduxit quomodo rex Castelle debebat ct debet in sesione precederé et prior sederc quam rex Anglic. De qua prehcminencia optinuil sententiam et dccisioncm cun» bula plumbata pro rege Castelle contra regem Anglorum a dicto con cilio. que modo reposita est in sacrario Burgensis eclesic, et cius 50 »j «wrg libraría adno/ /•’ jj tn nmrg Alfonsi gesta adnot r u ct cuín poste llanus scgouicn. \í segobicit ac coinposlellamis /•’ .v? dúos reges /• dóminos regis .V 4i notarios !• nocits M | se <>/u P 4o Galus P Galos A/ j? xxij .xvii. /•' •i8 basilcani 1/Basilca/’ 49 cardinales*/• cardinales A/ 57a dicioA/addilo/• 146 Jeremy J.awance transumptum insertum est in fine dicti t racial us. oo i|Insuper dictus dominus AJfonsus existendo in predicto concilio generali, defendendo et procurando ea que ad honorem corone reg¡$ et regni Castelle pertinebant, fecit aliam solempncm proposiciones probando de hire et ration? conquesta instdarum Canarie pertinebat ad regent Castelle. ct quod sibi debebatur et quod non r;> pertinebat regi Portugal ie, quamuis Port ugale uses illam magna cum instantia peterent a concilio Set ipse dominus Alfonsos obtinuir de claran on cm et sententiam pro pane regis Castelle cum bula plumbata a dicto concilio, que reporta est in dicto Burgensis eclesie sacrario, ct eius transumptum insertum csi in fine dicti iractatus. Nichilominus 7f? fecit in dicto concilio alias plures proposiciones et al legaciones quarum copie sunt in quodam uolumine quod intitulatur Traciatus et questiones domim Alfonsi Burgensis episcopi. Similiter tarn in dicto concilio quam alibi fecit mullos sermones, quorum aliqui sunt scripii et repositi in quodam uolumine quod intitulatur -*Sen/Mwe. domini -< Alfonsi Burgensis episcopi. Fecit quoque Apologiam super psalmo «Indica me Deus», el cetera De Ba si lea uero fuil mi sus ambaxiator per prelibatum regem Castelle ad christ ianissi mum imp erat o rem Albertum rc-gem Romanorum qui tunc in ciuitatc Brccella degebat, que sila est in alta Alamania distans a Basilea per feúcas CCC. Inclitus «o autem inperator recepit eum multum honorifice, tribuens ei donaría multa. Qui erat tunc leniporis cum copia gentis armoruni disponendo inire prelium aduersus Pol Ion ie regem, qui parte ex altera non cum minori acie ad conflictum prelii cquanimitcr sc parabat. Sed uidens reuerendus pater lanti sanguinis populi Christi effusionem parat am. 85 non recusauit labores ci expensas subiré ñeque dificultatcm tanti nc- gocii pro inpossibili reputauit, sed confidens de Dei adiutorio acesit ut homo ad hoc [onus] ahum, et licet esset extrancus in partibus illis acceptauit pacem et concordiam inter tantos dominos seminare. Uli autem atendentes bonitaiem uiri et gratiam labiorum eius dederunl 9i> locum treuge. ct demum perpetúe paci et concordie. Et ecce tlnalitcr su úxisiciido in predico A/duiii cxisicrct in dicto P üt cclcsie <>m 7) (raciatus - A/tracíalns in /•’ 84 saiigumis Fsanguis A/ 87 ut lid duxit expediens ut dictus rex Pollonie ducerct in uxorem imperatoris filiain. Quo facto disposuit in Basileam redirc; sed quia in rcgressu conueniebai eum transire per confmia regni Bohemie, qui cram dicti inperatoris aducrsarii. ideo mandauit imperador ut mille cquites armati comiiareiiiur euni. quomam eo tempore illi Bohemi omnes oderant Christianos, tenemos contra fidem errores plurímos et ritus heréticos. Accidit autem ut duo ncquam homines de regno Bohemie exploso res ei iniqui se sociarcnt et inmiscerent societati mililum predictoruni. cunrque omnes illi media node quiescerent in loco quodam qui erat de dominations Alamanie. duo illi exploratores aposuerunt ignem in quibusdam domibus loci illius. et in t antuni inualuit et exarsit impetus ignis illius ut quasi totam uillam conburcret. Dictus autem doniinus ct umuersi qui cum eo ueneram fugiemes impctum ignis, quídam fere nudi. alii uero induti cum eo quod sainare potcrant. exierunt; uicini uero iilius uille. existimantes quod illi de comitiua prefati donum apposuissent ignem. inceperunt preliari cum illis; sed sedicione sedata per dictum dominum Alfonsum, non sine magna perdicione bonorum reuersus est in Basileam Set breui interbalo temporis elapso misil prehbatus dominus rex Castclle pro co ut in Ispaniam remearet. Reuersus uero numquam pro posse cesauit que pads sunt seminare inter dictum dominum regem et regem Nauarrc subdituin suum et infantem Enrricum ct inter alios quam plurimos milites qui ca tenpestatc faciebant guerras et rapiñas regna et frontarias depredan tes. Transtulit autem dictus dominus Alfonsus episcopus ad peticio- nem dicti domini regis de stillo Latino in Castellanam lingam duos libros De dementia et duos De pr\ottid]encia unum De una beata, alium quoque De septem liberal ¡bus ambus et alterum De pronerbts Senece. librum quoque /k/wwwooMiW. ct alium De remedí is contra Fortunam, reliquuni uero de diuersis tractatibus qui sunt IX libri in uno uolumine. et glosauit ¿líos in locis nesccssariis ad cuiden: iorem in nnpcnnoris / mpcmtncis M •>? illi .1/ dieu /• 97.98 csploratorcs.'/expoliato- res /•' 98 millitum /•'iniliuin .1/ iui inualuit M ualuií /■' ioj induti M imlucti /•’ 106 scdicioiic .1/ scductionc /• 107 pçrdicione \f pcrdiciionc /- 1 if Reuersus nero A/Rcucrcndus nero ep: /•’ >11-12 ei infamem Enrncuin «m /•' n$ >n marg scripta !i1fon$i odunf F | dicn domini /-dominc A/1 Iing3 // linga M H6 prouidcncia prchcminenciii MF 120 glosauit .\l glosaucrií F 148 Jeremy Lowrance noliciam comentorum Nichilominus cotnpilauh el posuit in ordine omnes leges quas uulgo Pandas dicimus et de foris Ispanie tangentes actus guerrarum et mihcie, cuni certis introductiombus et prologis quos fecit super iilis ad instanciam domini Didaci Gomcci de San- i25 doual comitis de Castro, cí posuit iilis nomen Doctrínale mihtum Vltccius fccit el atium libnim qui uocatur Declumaiicmes super translacionem Etichomm. Item leen alium librum qui dicitur Duotk- nanus. in quo declarat et absolute nonnullas quest iones quas nobilis miles Ferdinandus Petri de Guzman miseral sibi ut absolucret eas ini Prcterea fecit alium qui uocatur Mentor tale iiirtutum, quem direxit ad dominum infantein primogenitum regís Iohannis Portugalie. Fecit ulique librum alterum qui uocatur Deffensonum Jidei, quem direxit ad dictum dominum lohanncm regem Castclle Insuper fecit alium librum qui uocatur tawra/e super d cuota orad one ad pctilionem i.v nobilis militis Fcrdinandi Petri de Guzman, in quo consistuni duo alii tractatus, unus Super facto rey miluuris qui dirigitur domino Encco Lupi de Mendosa marchioni Sante tuliane, ct alius liber Cactus pro declaracione cuiusdam questions quam quesiuit dictus dominus lohannes rex Castelie Super tptodam dicto lohamus Cnsostomi. I4H Similiter urdinauit quemdam alium librum in deft-nsione libertatis eclesie et cpiscopatus Burgensis, nam dominus archiepiscopus Tole- (anus pretendebat ire cum cruce eleuata per dioccsim Buigensem, et posuit nomen isti libro Conflatornim Quin imo epilogauit in unum bullas, iiiia et scripta que difusa inuenit in sacrario diere ecclesie ibi ii5 reposita olim per reuerendum pat rem Mauricium glorióse recorda- cionis in tempore fxindacionis prefate eclesie cum lite quam habuerat cum priore et conuentu Sánete Marie de Spino, qui allegauerant non esse subditos suos, contra quos habuit sentent iam sumí pontificis, et hunc librum nominauil Mauriciana. Ac simili fecit alium libnim ut supra dictum est De genealogía regum Ispanie Intus arbore depinxit omnes reges Ispanie cum reginis et filiis descendcmibus ab eis. ct i2.’ ¡ictus Af ad actus A I cctii.s .1/ ccicris A ifc> Ferdinandus A/ Ferna i ictus t i.v Fcrdinandi A/ Fcrtwndi A i consismni duo alii A/ contmcntut alii duo /• 137 lupi M Itippi A M2 clciiaia M crcpia A o c erector m-j scrip» A7 scnpturas F W’saiicte .V sup snnete A, spiny F spina A/ I allcgaucrani A/ attcgaircnil A i io mauriliana Ainauncuimini.t/ iso Intus A/ In emus /•* isi rcgnusA/regnis A De adibus Alfansi de ('artagena 149 posuit in fine quorumlibet eurum concurrent jam temporum pontiti- cum Romanorum ct iniperatorum et regum Francorum ci pontificum sedis Burgensis usque ad tempus regís Enrici Quarci in hoc nomine suo temporc fdiciter rcgnantis. Et hoc fuit ultimum et singular© de operibus siuc codicibus pretali domini Alfonsi episcopi 5|0mnia uero predicta libromm uolutnina reposita sunt in libraría eclesie Burgensis transíala et scripta post obitum eius. Quod si lone in ipsis codicibus inuentum fiierit aliquid nisi bene scriptum, mputari magis debet uicio scriptorum quam sibi, quomam si ipso uidente fuisset quicquam male positum, absque dubio non rcmansisset incor- reptum Ipse uero humilitatis causa numquam uokiit sc in suis codicibus nominari. sed clientuli sui ct familiares post eius obitum posuenint nomen eius in tabulis titulorum Hie etiatn pater et ponii- fex reucrendus rnandauit fieri duas turres aculeatas super limiua ecclesie ianuarum correspondentes antiquo open, ita lapídeo tabulatu miriftce elabóralas ut cciam omnes magistri geumctrici et mannorum cesorcs de diuersis partibus ucmentes hoc opus singularc mirentur. lusd insuper cum suis frairibus de capitulo fieri inagnificum ictrotabu- lum in precipuy ipsius eclesie altaris ornatum, non sine istortarum et cronicarum representatione precipua, sed cum magistral! sculptura tabularum et insignibus ymaginum cl figurarum colonbus depictum Et quia ipsius eclesie sue tamquam sponse amantisiine spiritual! amore languebat, non destitit earn temporal! ornatu dotare demans ei ornamenta, cappas, casullas, fromalia auro brocatas et sérico, cruces queque et calices argent! miro argentatiorum opere elabóralos. Set quoniatn bee omnia momentaria reputauit, singularem et perpetuam memoriam in dicta ecclesia instituit pcrpctuis temporibus duramram. ut prima sexta feria singulis in mcnsibus tocius anni una per capitulum de pasionis Christi ct crucis memoria niissa perpetuo eelebretur. et cl impcrdiorum M inipcraioium /•” IM icinpiis .W temporil i- 15$ Quod si M Ft si F* i <9 alitp nisi W illiquid non/* ifio scriptorum ,Wscripions r 160-61 quam sibi quoinam si ipso uideutc fuisscl quicquam /• q> sibi tpo Vide is iusset ¿[d tabulalu /■ tabulate .W 167 labóralas ut /•’ elabórala set .W t6x cesorcs .1/ scissorcs /•' 169 insuper ,W ilaque /• 1 n spiriiuali I- spiritualc -U rio opere out i ' 17? momeo- tana M tnoiiKtiian&i /•' ixn pasnmis .W passiouc /• 150 Jeremy ¡.arronce super chis tumuJutn ut morís est cum responsorio excatur Et quoniant in dicta caihedrali eclesia sunt quam plurime reliquie sanctorum &b antiquis Toribi temporibus conseruate quart)m noticia obliuionem acepit. ideo ordinauit quatinus semcl ;n anno octauo die resmecionis i85 Domini osiendantur et publiccntur. El ut libencius populus cliristia- nus ad ipsarum publicacionem in die quam prediximus conueniani, opitnuit ipse dominus a sandísimo domino nostro papa Eugenio Quarto quam plurimas indulgencias interessentibus in prcfacta publi- cacione Vcmm etiam ipso domino existente in Asturiis, transtulit i9o corpus Beale luliane uirginis et maniris, quod crat in pulpito uel in medio eclesie uille de Santa Juliana, et posuit in sumitatc altans cum magna procesione multitudinis populorum qui conuenerant ex omnibus Asturie fmibus. Perfecit etiam edesiam Sancti Iohannis de Ortega ordinis Beat) leronimi. Fundauit insuper monastcrium Sánete i9< Marie Merced is prope ciuitatem Burgis, et aliud monasterium Sancti Aldcfonsi canonicarum Sánete Doro:hee quod est in uicto Sancti Iohams dicte ciuitatis Neu non fecit multa fabrican ad decoren) et perfeccionen) pontificals palacn ipsi ecdesie contigui ct in Sarmentali positi, et reparauit multimode omnes domos et posesiones *pontifi ?cu catus sui Et quamuis non sine magnis expensis el sumptibus factis in hedificiis eclesie sue et aliarum ecclesiarum. monastcriorum. domo- rum et posesionum ipsius episcopatus, et etiam in sumpt ibus helc- mosinarum ct aiiis ordinariis et extraordinariis distribuisset talcnta sibi a Domino credita siue pecunia») domini nostri Iesu Christi, numquam .'05 tamen uoluil fatigare derum seu uasallos eclesie ñeque exigere ¿liquid per uiam subsidii aul alias per uiam subsidii graciosi. quod de raro nostri teniporis pastore audiuimus Habuii autem prefactus dominus singularcm deuocionem in illa sancta uisitacione quam Domina nostra perpetua uirgo Maria fecit quando, postquam conceperai de Spiriru 2)0 Sánelo, ascendii in montana cum festinatione et uisitauit Helisabeth cognatam suam Ideo ordinauit festum Visitations predictum i«.i Tonbi M ibi t: íxí. quiñi M qua F uw ipso domino existente M domino cxñte ipo /•’ I9o cr:it «>»i 3/ un Santa hiliana 3/ Sanchllaiiii F pm Ortega 3/ Uncen F 195 buigis 3/ burgeii5cni /• 199-200 posesiones - sui 3/ pontifican» sui possession- cs F 202 ni om F 206 aul 3/ ucl F\ :nii alias per uiain subsidii graciosi Rtoxsmn inrtpxtxsr yuspicw 2w Mana, quando um i 21i \i$iialionis ' / celebración» /•' De acti bus Alfonsi de Cartagena 151 celebran per totam diocesim. et fecit fieri cappcllam nouam in dicta ccclesia, ubi corpus suum post eius obitum fuit sepultum, et ordinauil $iuc instituït in ea sex cappellanos perpetuos et unum capellanutn maiorcm et duos infantulos, quibus dimisit cercos redditus et hereditates et ornamenta notabilia dicte capcllc nesccssaria. Instituït auteni dicte capelle patronum honorabilem militen» Pet ruin de Cartagena frat rem suum et subcessores suos. Quibus omnibus supradictis sic disposals et ordinatis et facta distributions in usum pauperum, helemosinarum et piarum causarum, signant er in redeniptioncm captiuorum, delibcrauit ire in peregrinacionem ad Sanctum Iacobum, cuius festiuitas erat ipso anno in die Dominica, que a fidelibus dicitur lubileus, id est remissió uel indulgentia plenaria peccatorum. Stetitque in ciuitatc Conpostdle per dies XVJI, ct fuit una nocte ad bigilandum ubi cst corpus Beati lacobi apostoli, et ibi in crastinum celebrauit missam deuotissime in altaii precipuo et conimunicaucrunt de altaii apostoli de manu sua omnes de domo sua pro maiori pane. Fecitque ibi ofenorium magnum, et dotauit ibi fructus et redditus perpetuos, ut eelebretur ibi perpetuis temporibus in feria sexta per singulas ebdomadas totius anni missa una Interim autem dum ibi stetit. non cessauit uisitare monastena ct eclesias. et dando larga manu helemosinas complcuit dcsiderium suum de uisita- tione tanti apostoli Adinplcta uero sacri liminis uisitatlune ct peregrinatione uale fecit, ct receptis multis honoribus et curialitatibus a magnatibus et militibus et prelatis in finibus illis tam in progtessu quam in regresu. quacumque transierat. reuersus est in diocesim Suatn. Cumque peruemsset in oppidunt de Villacendini sue diócesis, repente uiribus corporis cepit destituí, et anus febre fatiscenic continua non durauit nisi per dies septem Et cum cognouissct mortem sibi fore propinquam. corpore quidem dcbilis sed animi con stancia fortis. conuocatis omnibus suis et aperiens os suum secundum gratiam labiorum eius fecit eis solenncm proposicioncm de mundi contemptu et de spe uite future, consolando signanter frat rem suum Pei rum de Cartagena militem et nepotes suos eiusque diéntalos 2i5 ciusobiium .Vobitum suirni/■ 219 usum .W usus*/- 223 uelct/• 22s beau :\l sancti /• 23' Villacendini .1/ Villa Sandinc /• 242 eius M suoriun /•' 152 Jeremy /xm rance 245 familiares ecclesiasticos el seculares aliosque probos et literatos et religiosos qui aderan! omnes ad uidutes ortabatur ct ne de suo tran situ tristarentur. sed congratiilareniur ei, (lotificando eis qualiter ipse mm a multo tempore antea suum condiderat testamentum, quod uti- que repositum erat in sacrario ecclesie sue Cuius tcstamenti tenores 250 omnes qui postea uiderunt ueraeiler cognouerant hominem in uicta uirtutibus plenum bonum sibi procurassc terrninum uitc sue. nam mandauit ecdesie sue multa, nec non aüis ecclesiis. monasteriis, hospitalibus. loéis piis, pauperibus orphanis. indigentibus ucrecundis Et inter multa spccialiter mandauit decent uirginibus pro caruni matri- 2S5 momo ccrtam summam. et hoc in onore sanctarum decem uirginum. Similiter mandauit ccrtam quantitatcm pro redemeione captiuorum. et pro satisfacione clientulorum el familiarionim cius. Que quidem mandata summam capiunt decem et octo milium ílorenorum Nam solum pro capis dicte eclesie sue mandauit tres mille quingentos flore- 260 nos, Facta autem ea quarn prediximus propos’dione. multum deuotc cum lacrimarum fontc rcscepit eucliaristic sacramentum dicendo uerba magne et profunde deuotioms In illa autem proporcione inter cetera astantibus dixit 'Ego. imquam. refiero quam plunmas gracias Deo, quoniam ego 26< licet indignus cognosce oraiioncm meam exauditam esse a Domino. Nam m orationibus meis tria ab altísimo domino Deo petiui Prima petitio mea liiit, iam clapsi sunt triginta nouein anni quibus a ciuitate Conpostelle reccssi in qua tunc temporis decani digeríate fungebar, el tunc el ex tunc semper proposui in mente ct in uoluntate mea statui 270 aliquando redire ad sanctum apostolum uisitandimi; ct rogaui ex tota anima mea dominum ct apostolum eius. ne permiteret me ab hac luce migrare donee prius redircm ad sanctum apostolum uisilandum Sed propter aliqua inpedimenta et turbaciones regnorum et propter nego cia multiplícala non potui adimplcre opt alum usque in presentem, in 2?5 quo ut uidistis uisitaui ct sreti ibi per XVil dies, uadens el rediens 246 qui M qui ibi /•' 24$ antca M dira /* ’ condiderat A'condidit M 2» uicia .W uita su.) /•’ 259 suc om /•' | mille .1/ mille cl /•' 2<*n propositions /•' ppositrem M < muitum demMc M deuoitssimc /•’ lacrmumnii A/ tacrimis A’ 265 esse 2 apostolum lusitandum A/ lacobum uisiianduiii uposiollmu A jtj.m ci turbaemnes - nuiltiphcam nm i- De acti bits Alfonsi de Cartagena 153 $anus ct fortis in persona mea usque modo in primum locum diócesis mee. Et ccce nunc isla mea deprecatione audita uocat me Deus ante- quam superueniant aliqua noua magna negotia que iter impedían: saiuationis mee In prouecta cíate 1.XX annonim parcit etati mee, quoniam grams est corpori milicic pugna et periculosa pastoralis gregis dominici cura, in qua iam per uiginti et unum annum ccrtaui; de quo quas possum et ualeo altissimo refero gratias Deo uero Secunda autem petitio quam a Domino in orationibus meis pctiui erat quod in tempore obitus mei non permiteret me Dominus premi uel affligi doloribus acutis capitis uel lateris stomachi uel illarum partium uel menbrorum mei corporis propter quos forte ad impacientiam prouocatus minus de salute anime cogitaran sicut uerus ct lidelis chrisiianus debet in tali positus articulo cogitare. Et istam petitionem ut cernitis concesit mihi miscrator et miscricors Dominus, quia per Dei gratiam nullum dolorem in aliqua corporis mei parte sent io. nisi corporis resolutioncm. qua percipio me uocatum ad ilium terminum qui pretenri non potest, quia statuuim est hominibus semel mori; de quo infinitas gratias refero Deo meo. lertia petitio quam a domino Deo pctiui erar ne in tempore obitus mei fuissem priuatus isto mod ico sensu uel intelletu quern mihi contulcrat Deus mens Et uideo nunc per Dei gratiam quod, licet ego sim debilitatus et langucns corpore ex dcfectu nature, atamen sicut uos ipsi conspicitis sanum et integrum habeo mtclletum. de quo quam pkirimas ago gratias Christo lesu Deo uero.’ Expósita namque proposicione predicta, et acepto sicut dictum est salutífero corporis nostri Saluatoris Christi lesu sacramento, et sic multis uerbis et exortahonibus confortatoriis parentibus. familiaribus ct amicis manu sua pontificali clcuata signáculo crucis facto dedil eius benedict ioncm. et onines illi cum lacrimis obsculaii sunt manus cius Quo facto mandauit sibi dari sacre unctionis extreme uenerabile sacramentuni Et ueniente pcesbitero cum clericis quasi duabus lions P? nice .«•r medium nocicm /• media note A/ n i ut M Ft /- M6 dicta tmt A/ .on qu.is A/ quam /• .<26 anime nice \i inei /' .«.'S cítricos A/ elencos dcuotos /■ .06 da:i /■ De acabits Alfonsi de Cartagena 155 claudendo obdormiuit in Domino, quinta feria in festo Bcaie Marie Magdalene uicesima secunda die menssis lullii anno a natiuiiate Domini nostri lesu Christi milésimo quatuorcentesinio quinquagesimo sexto. Tunc meror et luctus omnium una uoce dicencium ‘Cur nos pater deseris, aut quare nos dcsolatos relinquish' Quis enim sufficit dicerc quantus eral luctus amicorum, quanta precipue lamenta rcligiosorum et dcuotorum flentium atque dicen- cium Quomodo cecidit defensor fidei, augmentator religionum, pater uiduarum et orphanorum, recrcator pauperum, captiuorum redemtor, amator pacis. litium mitigaior? Vcrum Dominus iustus index, cuius iudicia abissus multa, ncc humane cognitionis egent, propcrauil edu- cerc eurn de medio iniquitatum. ne malicia inmutare! cor dus. placita enim erat Deo anima illius. Ideo liberauit eum de hac lacrimarum ualle. completa scilicet peregratione desiderata et sua oratione exaudita, quia continue ¿n suis orationibus prccabatur quatinus con cederá populo Christiano uictoriam contra fidei inimicos. signanter contra Magnum Turcum Christi et fiddium inimicum Cuius perdicionis finem et uitoriam christi a norum firma fide credidit euenire. et proposuetat uita comité continuare illam, et insercrc in fine libri (ienea/ogte regum Ispatne superius nominati, qui terminant! in istona régis Iohannis Secundi. ubi ita dicif Hoc tempore propter pcccata christianonim. quos intcidum Deus uisibilibus flagellis castigare dccrcmi. cnpia est Consiantinopolifi a Turcis, occiso int- pcratorc Grctonmi el aliis plurimis Sed Romanns pontifcx ct nonoulli principes ad eins rccuperacioneni cum Dei auxilio opcram dare imcnduni. speramusque in diuina misericordia quod recupcrabitur sicut ahis temponbus perdida recupérala fun Hec sunt uerba dicti domini Alfonsi in predicto libro Dcsiderabat enim pius pater interuenire in dicta guerra contra Turcum et mon in W beale M sánele m »>arg ,nhu>t murió 22 Julio del 1456 .ui nosm lesu Clinsn íwjj A | quaiuorcenicsimo /• quadragcnicsimo A/ 577 /«frrw m quare .W ctti /•’ illa; sed non placuit Altísimo ut corporaliter uideret illam quam spera- bat uictoriam christianorum. Verum tamen ex disposicione diuina actum cst ut ipsa die quinta feria qua ipse dominus reuerendus descessit et habuit uictoriam de mundo, ipsa cadcm die habucrunt christiani uictoriam ct trihunfum de Turco Magno, qua [coajctus fait cum omni exercitu suo relinqui quoddam magnum castrum regni Hungaric. quod obccssum tcnebai et quasi dirruptum et sperabat in 3?' proximo intrare illud et inde debetfare totum regnum Hungarie Sed placuit summo gubematori Deo excelsso ut ilia die quinta feria xxu mensis lulii anni milcsimi quatuorcentesimi quinquagesimi sexti in festo Bcate Marie Magdalene a campali bello fugcrct cum omni gente sua a facie comil is .Albi qui uocabatur Iohannes Baybuda gubernator *»> regni Hungariorum, qui secum tenebat gentes multas tarn de ipso regno Hungarie quam aliarum partium Christianitatis qui itenerant ad diium prelium ut lucrarcntur indulgencias crúzate quas dominus Calixtus papa I cnius fidelibus conceserat hac de causa buit aiicem uictus dims lurcus. et maior pars sui excrcitus capti fuerum et morlui i85 per Christi fiddes. qui ccperuiu omnes lonbardas. arma, spolia ct ma chinas. tendas et papiliones quas in magno numero Turci lenebant; ucnim etiam ceperunt ñaues et galeas totumque nauigium quod (enc hant in magno Danubii Ilumine, sicut Domino placuit in illo utique die. ut dictum est. quo dictus pontifex de mundo isto migrauit. Cuius anima in pace cum Christo quiescat Amen Sancta Maria suos Solers curare ministros hunc fulgens trinis donauit premiis ununi ut staret Felix presul sede paterna, ut omnis doctrine uiueret arca profunde. qua conclus ■* relinqui . qua dicius - rcli oquis 1/ qui uicius fun cum cxerulu omni rclinqucns /■ ru Vneanc /•' lumgalie .1/ r? ntcnsis f mcnssi .W . anni - sexti \f anix) miiiesiiuo quaiuorccnicsnno qiinupagesimo sexto r lugcrci A/ hjgcrcm I :>a. Viiganonirn /-Hungal iorum M .‘mi-x: de ipso regno ipsius teem /• w papa Calixtus r am sui cxcrcuus A/ excrcitus sm /■’ *85 loubardus bombardas / 38? cepcrunt A/ lenebant et cepcnitu /• • quod /•' m pace mn I' ( />;»•< Amen scnpstt |45(i alteitt toante to /■ hexámetros om /•' profunde pfiinalc A/ De acti bits Alfonsi de Cartagena 157 ut Domino placeret neo esset genti pero sus Alfonsus quos uixit hac in sede beatus annos bis denos unum super addas, o lector. Oxford. Bodleian Library, Auct. IQ.vi.29, Libro intltulado Arte de bten monr (¡Zaragoza Hans Hums, ca 1489-9!]), fol B6v The woodcut shows the gisant at (he moment of wmstius, with candle and crucifix (sec II 335-39 above and o 63 (o the translation below) As the soul emerges from the mouth it is fought over by devils and angels With the kind permission of Bodley's Librarian 195 domino in rugo membrana? per abbreviai/onem script urn. incertum an soli 'egendani | gentis W 196 quos . q M fcf. MO supra/ 158 Jeremy Lum rance 6. Translation and commentary On the acts of the most reverend father in Christ and lord Don Alfonso de Cartagena, bishop of Burgos The prophet of the Church Ben Sirach, called Jesus, in chapter 44 of his book Ecclesiasticus (which we accept in the canon of Holy Scripture) clearly teaches us our duty to praise the men who have been outstanding in each age. saying 'Let us now praise glorious men 1 So too Pedro, chancellor of the king of Castile, asserts in his poem called S/w o/ (he Sea that illustrious men who have achieved brilliance by the keenness of their genius deserve to be praised 2 And in can one * rccipinms: Sirach is in the Scpluagtni. bul excluded from the Jewish canon (Babylonian Talmud. Sanhedrin I (10b) Its inclusion in the Vulgate canon was upheld by Augustine and the Council of Trent, but Jerome ranked il as .*ecclesiastic" ‘of the Church (but not canonical)’. The author’s knowledge of this debate si tows a clerical education. Laude mus uiros gloriosos: Sirach 44 I, cf Fernán Perez de Guzman. h tores de fas claros varones de Espailo. X. >n R. Foul che-Del bosc (cd). < oneamero castellano del sigh) AT'. 2 vote. NBAE. 19. 22 (Madrid: Bailly-Baillierc. 1912-15). 1. 706-52. at p. 707: I .oom» los muy famosos principes de nuestra Espaili según que Sirac se taita cu toar los gloriosos varones | . ) Iploss ] Jusus Sime en aquel libro Lelesinstes que) compuso, ci; Id fui del, queriendo lour los principes c los sabios de «os córeos comieran asi Laudemos rnixn g/iu.‘«.' e¡ ya- rentes nusirw en genemiame wa. Gómez Manrique. Proemio’ tu bis Cancioneril. Conto di/e Jltesu. fijo de Sirac. los cubres ensatados sobre las estrellas rcluzirán* (Madrid, Real Biblioteca MS 1250. fol lv); Pulgar. Ctanw wwr. p. 4. ‘y aun en aquel libro de la Sacra Escritura que fizo. Jhcsu fijo de Sirac quiso loar los varones gloriosos de su nación'. See María Rosa Lrda de Matkid. Le. idea di- ¡a fama en ta Edad Media castellana. 2nd edition (Mexico Fondo de Cultura Económica. 1983). p. 271 Petrus - metro quiuJ dicitur Maris Mella: Pedro López de Avala. Rimada de palacio, edited by Germán Orduna. Clásicos Castalia. 156 (Madrid- Castalia. 19X7). coplas 854-60 Señora, estrella luzicntc que iodo el ti mudo guia’, pp 289- 91. reworks II» hymn. h-e mans titila. but has nothing to match this quotation De acti bus Alfonsi de Cartagena 159 this is to be done specially after they have gloriously left this world, for it is written. ‘Praise no man in his life’, as if to say praise him after his death, magnify him after his consummation, praise the blessedness of the sailor, but only after he has reached port.’’ And so. because the reverend father Don Alfonso de Cartagena, |H-33| bishop of Burgos, was famous among the chief churchmen of our time for his life and wisdom, since he was the author of the book On the Genealogy of the Kings of Spam and several other treatises, it is fitting to publish his chief acts so that those of his achievements worth telling should not be buried with his body.4 He was the son of Don Pablo of glorious memory-.5 During his youth this Pablo was married in lawful wedlock and while still married fathered various sons, two of whom were Alfonso and Gonzalo; but he abandoned the yoke of marriage and adhered to the teachings of the Church, took his master’s degree in divinity at the university of Paris, and was then raised to the sees first of Cartagena and then of Burgos King Juan II of Castile made him his canciller mayor for the whole of his life' l ie made the famous church of the Dominican friary of St Paul in the city a scculo migrauerint: cf de mundo isio migratin'. 329-30. an echo which shows careful structuring .l/igranm/ in /• is better grammar, but subjunctive after p<»ft/r/ ccclesimn Sancti Pauli: Pablo and his brother Alvar García refurbished San Pablo, the senior Dominican friary in Castile, establishing a family chantry in its church of Sania .Maria (Serrano. Aas ccwmw. pp. 87-88. Camera. /I Aw Garcia de Santa Maria y su familia. p 72) Pablo was buried on ilic gospel side of the choir, his son Gonzalo de Santamaria (1379-1448). bishop of Sigüenza, on the epistle side. On a visit in 1466 the Bohemian Lev z Rozmiialn was given a lour by Cartagena’s younger brother Pedro (1387-1478). as recorded b) Vdclav fsaSck /. Birkova; sec Des bhhtntsehen Herat i^a's von Roimiial latter-. Hof- and I'dger-Retsc dwelt (he Abendhtnde. ,*1465-146 beschreibeu von :weten seiner Hegleiter. cd J. A. Schindler. Biblioihck des litcrarischcn Vercms in Stuttgart. 7.) (Sumgait Litcrarischcr Vcrein. 1844), p 65. Malcolm Lens itrans). The Travels •,! {.eo ofl Don Alfonso was a man of distinguished character and lifelong [ chastity, constantly devoted to his studies and to the teachings of the church, doctor in both canon and civil law. While he was dean of Compostela and Segovia he was twice sent as ambassador to Portu gal by the aforementioned King John of Castile.*' By the grace of God and his own strenuous industry he signed a perpetual peace between the two kings and their two kingdoms, the document of this peace treaty, publicly drawn up by notaries, is preserved with its seal in a volume entitled On the Peace Treaty in the said library 10 Later he was sent as ambassador by the king Don Juan to the General Council convoked in the city of Basel, which is in Germany While passing through the city of Avignon he delivered a solemn proposi tion and repetition On the Lex Gaihts. 11 h was attended by the whole Avignon college of twenty-two doctors and licentiates and numerous ' dccauus Compostvliiiiius let) Scgouiensis; dean of Santiago 14! 5. Segovia 1420 (Serrano. ¿A* universos. pp 119-26, Cantera.Alvar Garda de Santa Maria ysufamilia. pp 416-18) Portugaliam: embassies of 1421-23/1424 and 14’7 constat - in dicta libraría: ÍA' aenbusdepends l»ea\ily on Hie Compilation de memorias e lextamcniox (AC13. CV Libros 1-2) and stxcecn MSS of Cartagena s works kept in the chapel of the Visitation (/.V aenbus IA1-32; Pulgar, Claras varones. p 68 ‘Fizo asimismo algunos tratados [...) los quotes están oy en la capilla do está enterrado’) These were catalogued in 1487 by Cartagena's grand nephew Luis de Miiluenda (ACB. CV Libro I. lol. cxvi. henceforth CV Im . ’Los libros que están debaxo de las gradas del altar de la dicha capilla que hordeno e conpuso cl dicho seflor obispo don Alonso c después de su fallcscinucmo se pu- Sy cron alii con cadenas’; Camera. Alvar Garcia de Santa Mario v su familia. pp 448-49). §12 i$ otro libro que fizo del trato de la paz de Portugal que el asomo con el rey don Juan de Portugal'. All but one of the books were gone by Florez's lime (/A/m/m sagrada. XXVI. 397-98. hecha la diligencia, no parecen ) " repetición cm super legem galos; Cartagena reached Avignon 18 July 14 >4 and gave his reprimo on the Roman law of inheritance. Lex Galho de payfiimts institucndis vel exheredandis. a day later (Serrano. Los conversas. pp 136-37. Camera. .4 Aw Garcia de Santa Maria »• m/ JíWjuAí/. pp 420-21) It is copied in the only identified survival from Cartagena's library. ACB Cod 11. fols J-18 (Mansilla. Catálogo de los códices. pp. 86-88). which is listed in CV Inv §5 otro libro en que esta» muchas qtiisliones e tratados que fizo el dicho señor obispo cu el concho de Vasylca cu que esta la disputa sobre la svlla de Castilla ton los crtba.xadorcs de Ynglaterra' 162 Jeremy Lawrance bachelors and scholars12 From there he went to Basel, where he was received with pomp by the cardinals of the Council and honoured by each of the prelates and other delegates present at the councils.1"' During his long residence there he made a solemn proposition Against ¡he English on ¡he Seating Precedence of the Throne and Chair and Crown of ¡he King of Castile, in which he demonstrated with the most clear proofs and convincing arguments how the king of Castile ought and always should take a higher seal and sit down before the king of England In this matter of precedence he obtained the council's judgment and a sealed written decision in favour of the king of Castile against the king of England, which was placed in the sacristy of Burgos cathedral, and a copy inserted at the end of the said treatise N Auinionis cokgrum: the Avignon popes founded a school for international scholars; R ('reviens. ’Le ffwfaw Jtaw curiae ci le mail tv du sacre palais’. /Irdthwi prairum Pratdicatorutn. XII (1942). 1-83; Bernard Guillcnmin. Lu cour pontificate d'Avignon. 1309-13 >6. étude dune société. Bibliothèque des écoles françaises d'Athènes cl de Rome. 201 (Paris: Boceare!. 1962). p. 613. " Basilcam: Cartagena readied Basel on 26 August 1434; on his part in the Council (1431-49) sec Serrano, Los conversos. pp I33-5X. mtdliplicitcr liomira- tus: Pius II called him de I iliac 1 hspanianun'. and remarked, 'sic ornate, sic sua- uitcr disputauit. sic docte atque mirifice ui onincs ab cius ore anide dcpcndcrcm tain non |... ] oratioms fmem sed longam coniinuanoncin desyderantes. ipsiini que unicuiii esse scicnliac speculum pracdicarent'. Aeneas Sylvius Ptccolominus De pesos Cûncdii Hasihensts coninieniorioruni fihn II, edited and translated by Denys Bay & W K. Smith (Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1967). pp. 10. 20. 28-30 proposicioncm - contra Angiicos: Prapasitio de preennnentia sediu/n was delivered on 14 September 1434. and is copied in ACB Cód. II. fols 136-39v fCV Inv. §5 disputa sobre In sylla'. see n 11 above) and many other MSS The Council's srnienim came on 28 July 1436 Cartagena's Castilian translation for his fellow-ambassador the count of Cifocntcs Juan de Silva is in Mano Penna (cd.). Prosistas castellanos de/ siglo AT. Biblioteca de Autores Españoles. 116 (Madrid. Atlas. 1959). pp 205-33; known as 7rulado de /as sesiones. H was widely read (c.g. Crónica de Juan H. año 28 (1434). cap. 3. m Cave I a no Roscll (Cd ). Crónicas de ¡os reyes de (asidla desde don Alfonso el Sabio hasta los Católicos dan / ernanda y doña Isabel. 3 vois. Biblioteca de Autores Españoles. 66 68. 70 (Madrid. Rivadencira. 1875-78. rpc 1953). lí. p 515. Diego de Valera. ( iriinonial de principes, in Penna. Prosistas castellanos del siglo XI p 1611 De acti bus Alfonsi de Carlage na 163 In addition, while the said Don Alfonso was present al the afore- |60-i5 *' proposicioncm - Cañarte; AHegatwnes super conquesta tnsuianmi Cañarte. dated 27 August 1437. is preserved in various MSS. see Monutuetua llenricbia. 14 vols (Coimbra Coinissào Executiva das Comeinoraçócs do V Ccntcnáno da Mode do Infame D Hcnriquc. 1960-73). VI. 139-99. £57 16 copie: perhaps 'abundance', bul the plural makes >( more probable that ihc word is a calque of Romance copias copies' tracta tus ct qüestiones: CV Inv §5 'libro de quist iones c *tratados (see n. 11 abose). ACB Cod IJ contains h series of Council ocia (February 1432-Sepicmbcr 1435) on fols 18-)J5v. further cunsuhauanes oil fots 140-48»--. and oòteíMo/rex <•/ arguiwiitu on fols 149-58. However. CV Inv §17 ‘item un bolunicn grande que el dicho señor obispo hizo compilar de los fechos del couçilio de Basylca adonde estaba embaxador que coimcnça desde! comienzo del conçilio que fue a |blank| año c se continua fasta [blank)* suggests thai ACB Cód. 11 may be a composite of two volumes unlumine quod intitulatur sermones: CV Inv. £7 olro libro de muchos sermones en kiiyn del dicho señor *obispo Lost, sermons for St Thomas Aquinas (7 March. Juan Il's birthday) and AH Saints 1435 are in Wroclaw. Bibliotcka L’mwersytecka MS Rhcdig 177 and Krakow. Bibliotcka Jagielloñskn MS 1614. see Alexander Birkeninajcr. Dcr Streit des Alonso »on Cartagena mil Leonardo Bruni Arctino*. in his Venmxchie Cnterxuchungen zur Gexcluchte der tmueftdter- lichen Phttoxoplne. Beiiriige zur Gcschichic der Philosophic des Miuelallcrs, 20.5 (Münster Aschcndorff. 1922). pp 129-2Ki. 226-46. at pp. 131 n. I. 227 164 Jeremy Irance zf/xr/uj'v on the Psalm Judge me. O (jod ” From Basel Ik was sent as ambassador by the aforesaid king of Castile to the Most Christian Emperor Albrecht, king of the Romans, who at that lime was residing in the city of Wroclaw, which is in Upper Germany about 300 leagues from Basel.10 The distinguished emperor received him with great pomp and bestowed many gifts on him. At that time he was preparing to go into battle with an army of knights against the king of Poland, who for his pan was similarly arming himself for the conflict with an equally targe force. When the reverend father saw these preparations for shedding so much Christian blood he spared no eftbn or expense Despite the difficulty of the enterprise, he did noi think it impossible Trusting in God s help he approached the high task like a man, and although he was a foreigner to (hose parts he undertook io sow peace and concord between these great lords Out of respect for the good ness of the man and the charm of his lips they agreed to a truce, and then to a permanent peace and concord, finally he proposed that the said king of Poland should marry the emperor's daughter 29 Having ' Apologiam super psalmo ludica me Deus: (lie Latin ,4/x»/tigw on Psalm 43 (Vulgate 42) is lost and noi listed in CV ln\ (unless included in §16 ‘otro debo- 0onnl cu qnc esta» muchas oraciones compuestas por el dicho señor obispo"); ihc author’s Spanish torsion. Contemplación mezclada can oración sobre el xufmo Indica me líen* Survives in two MSS Slid Alíñela S 1487 cdUiOfl ol (/racional impcratorcin Albcrtum: /Mbrcchi \on Habsburg (1397-1439). dukc oí Aus tria. succeeded Ins íatbcr-in-law Sigismund as king of Hungary-Bohemia and was elected emperor m 1438 Canagcna left for Wroclaw in March 1438. arriving in Ncn-cinbcr. Diego de Valera went curlier. Pedro Tafur in December iBirkcnmajer. ‘Streit’, p 152 n 2; Semino. I.os *converso. pp 150-56). alta Alamania: Wroclaw (Breslau» was at that nine in Bohemia qiwin Illi |ie. Hispanil attain AlanUiiimni cognoimuanl' (1^.* hvlmnschen I term l.ro's wo Ht&mlal. p 64) ■v’ prdiiim * Pullonic receñí: the Hussite lords of Bohemia, suspicious of Al brecht. called on the young Wlaciyslaw III of Poland This battle ivas probably at Tabor, the Hussite stronghold 90 km south of Praha (‘cum Albertus rex laboreo- seen urbem .*ubsidcrer Des hohmi'c.hm Hrrrn l^u s vtm HuZmttal. p 65) Alter Cuitagctu's departure Albrecht died of plague. Bolicinia sank into anarchy. and W lads slaw was crowned László 1 of Hungary rex PulIonic duceret - filiam.* ibe plan failed, bur Albrecht's daughter Elisabeth eventually married Wfcidyslaw's brother Kaszimierz IV of Poland (reigned 1447-92) in 1454 i)c act thus Alfonsi de Cartagena 165 done this he decided to return to Basel, but since the return journey required him to cross the borders of the kingdom of Bohemia, which was at war with the emperor, the emperor ordered him an escon of 1,000 men at arms, because at this time the Bohemians hated all Christians, holding many erroneous beliefs against the faith and heretical rites But it happened that two wicked men from the kingdom of Bohemia, spies and traitors, joined up and mixed with the troop of knights, and one night when they were all resting in a certain village in German territory these two spies set fire to some houses in the village. So great was the force of the fire that it flamed up and burnt down almost the whole town The said lord and all those who had arrised with him ran out to escape the fire, some almost naked and others dressed only in what they had been able to save. but the citizens of the town, thinking that the men of the lord's escort had started (he fire, began to fight them Don Alfonso calmed the sedition and returned to Basel, (hough not without great loss of property '* After a short time, however, the aforesaid king of Castile sent foi him to come back to Spain Once returned, he never ceased to spread the cause of peace to the best of his ability between the said lord king and his subject the king of Navarre and Prince Enrique and various other knights who at that time were waging wars and piracy with their raids on the kingdoms and their frontiers 2? Moreover, at the said king’s request the said bishop Don Alfonso translated from liter ary Latin into spoken Castilian Seneca’s two books On Clemency. two On Providence. one On the Happy Life, another On the Seven Liberal Arts, and another Of Proverbs. as well as the book of Admonitions and another On Remedies agantst Fortune. and various ■' ilispOMiit in Basilcam rediré: Semine. /.<« wirem, p 151-52 ;laics Carta- gena's return co Basel via Mainz in January-April 1439 in in Ispaniam renwaret: Cartagena readied Burgos on I' February 1440 (ACB Reg. It). fol 1’5). having already \isiicd the king ai Salaniancn (Semino, ¿o.» ow-’erv/x. p. 154-55) que sunt seminare inter - guerras ct rapinxs: Cartagena's si.nindily royalist stance in lie civil wars of 14-10-45 between Juan II of Caside and hum of X'axarre die tnftuiio of Aragon and Prince Enrique is recorded in Crttmut ‘‘ TranMulit * de Millo latinu in caMcllanam linguani: CV Im §10 los líbeos de Seneca que son romanceados por cl dicho sector obispo poi mandado del dicho señor rey don Juan c en algunos lugares están glosados por el dicho señor Obispo", against which is «oled, ‘furtosc del armario c quebraron la cidena c sacaron cartas de excomunión"; cf. Alinda. I ‘alerto de las e.florins. fol S6v/p 290 torno de latín en nuestra lengua vulgar doze libros de Seneca F glosolos culos lugares que convenía"; Pulgar. Cloras varanes. p (Cl Tomo de Icngiiu latina en nuestra lengua vulgar ciertas obras de Séneca que el rc\ don Juan le mandó rediizir" See Karl-Alfrcd Bluher. Seneca en España. ttneaigactoner sobre la recepción de Séneca en España desde el siglo XIII hasta el stglu AlII. trans Juan Conde (Madnd Gredos. 1983). pp 133-48 Doctrínale militum: CV lnv §11 doctrinal de los caxallctos que fizo a yus- tanpa del conde de Castro don Di igomes do Sandobal copiaron de la General estona Doctrinal survives in many copies one with the addressee s arms (Esco rial h 111 4). Noel Fallows. The ( hnolnc Vision of.Ufonw de Cartagena. Study and Edition uf the Doctrinal de tax cauallerox' (Newark Juan de la Cuesta 1995). Diego *Gome de Saratoval < 1385-1455). orA’/worfa moiw uf Castile and firsi count of Castrojcriz, was the most powerful magnate in the Burgos region until his disgrace al the batllc of Olmedo in 1445 and flight in Aragon ■6 Declamationcs super transhicmncm Liichomm: CV hiv. §6 'Declamaciones ciicorum con Leonardo de Arc^io", with tlie same mistake in the title (properly Decft/MWnne& "evening lectures’ llsc typesetter in Airada. I alerta de tax esta rías. fol S6-6v/pp 289-90 repeats B line, printing both declamaciones and declinaciones" and giving nsc to a gliost declamaciones sobre doze quisiioncs" (j.c. Dtiodenanwu. sec next note) which has misled bibliographers); cf Pulgar. C/ohm varones, pp 67-68 ‘unit grand disputa con (... | Leonardo de Arecto" Sec Birkcnmajcr. Streit", and Jeremy Law rance. ‘Humanism in the Ibcri.m Peninsula", in 77»e Impact of Humani.wi on ¡{'extent Europe edited by Anthony Goodman & Angus MacKay (London Longman. 1990). pp 220-58. al 223-27 De achbw Afonsi de Cartagenu 167 Dozen, in which he explains and answers several questions which the noble knight Femando Pérez de Guzman had sent him to answer27 And he made another besides, called Memorandum of the Virtues, addressed to the lord prince heir apparent of King Jo3o of Portugal He composed a second book too, called Defensor? of the Faith. which he addressed to the said Don Juan, king of Castile 29 in addition he composed another book called Oranona! on devout prayer at the request of (he noble knight Fernando Perez de Guzman, in which are included two other treatises, one On the Deed of Knighthood addressed to Don ¡higo López de Mendoza, marquis of Santillana, and another book written to explain a question posed by the said Don Juan, king of Castile. On a Saying of John Chrysostom 30 Similarly he ordered another book in defence of the Duodenarius; CV inv. $¡2 ‘cl duodenaryo que enderezo a Ferrand Ps de Guz man': sec Gerard Breslin. ‘The Duodenarmm of Alfonso de Cartagena a Brief Repon on the MSS and Contents’. i,o Coromca. XVIII.J (Fall 19X9). 90-102 Hie work remains unpublished Menwriale: CV Im J3 memoryale virtutuin que enderezo a Eduardo princi pe de Portugal’. a cnntptlafto of Aristotle s Uhtcs addressed io Duarte of Portugal in 1422. 'primogénita scripturamm mcarunf. Ihc copy in Escorial QU 9 bears the Santamaría arms and gives the author’s name anachromstieally as Alfonso de Carmena tp* scope Burgcnsi (fol I. cf familiares post cius obitum posucrum nomen Cius in labulis tHutoruii’ l>6-3? below), features which suggest that it may have come from the chapel of the Visitation. The work remains unstudied Dcffcnsorium; CV Inv. §4 'Dcfcnsorium íidci que enderesgo al rey D Junn cl segundo’, on the anti«mrer«> not of 1449: see Alonso de Cartagena. Defensa- num untlofis Chnsiianae: iratndu en favor de ios judíos converso*. edited tn Manuel Alonso (Madrid CSIC. 1943). Oracionalc - super facto rev militarist CV lnv. §9 ’Oracional y otros trata dos en que esta asúnesmo una respuesta que dio al señor marques de Santillana a que juramento mui obligados los cav alteros’ On Snntillana's Ortesrúw rw Kmylu- 14443 and Cartagena s reply seo Ángel Gómez Moreno. La Oucoh/h del Marques de Santillami a don Alfonso de Cartagena’. £7 Crotahur Anuario de ¡•ilutagla Kspafitila. II (19X5). *63..135 dicto Iohannis Crfawtomi: ihe Decía- rano survives in several Latin MSS. and in Canngcna’s Spanish version, Duda- niciOn de un ¡ralada que tuza Sait Juan (Ttsosiomn *•/ quui demuestra i- candttye que ninguna perwnu es daücita mho por st misma (also printed in Ahucia's edition of Oracional in 148?). it remains unstudied 168 Jeremy Lowrance liberty of (he cathedral and bishopric of Burgos, because lhe lord archbishop of Toledo claimed the right to go through the diocese of Burgos bearing his crozier aloft, and he named this book Crucible ’’ Yet again, he collected together the bulls, rights, and privileges which he found scattered in the sacristy of the said cathedral formerly placed there by the reverend father Mauricio of glorious memory at the time of his foundation of the aforesaid cathedral, with the dispute he had with the prior and monks of Santa Maria del Espino who had alleged (hat they were not his subjects, against whom he obtained judgment from the pope To (his he gave the name Muuriciana'’