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Georgian Literature Since the Rose Revolution: Old Traumas and New Agendas
Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 42.1 March 2016: 169-191 DOI: 10.6240/concentric.lit.2016.42.1.08 Georgian Literature since the Rose Revolution: Old Traumas and New Agendas Mzia Jamagidze & Nino Amiranashvili Department of Comparative Literature Ilia State University, Georgia Abstract Georgia’s Rose Revolution of November 2003 was a demonstration of the Georgian people’s desire for fundamental change. More specifically, it expressed their aspiration to overcome their post-Soviet status and to establish a fully functioning state and a fully competitive developed society. These ambitions took strength from a decades-long experience of cultural resistance to Soviet totalitarianism and Russian domination. Thus, the revolution had national- cultural causes and origins as well as political ones. The resistance to Russian dominance, which has been an issue in Georgian culture for the last two centuries, has gained new ground in the post-Soviet period, and the Rose Revolution was a clear symbol of Georgia’s desire to develop a new identity based on a free and democratic state. Despite the cultural aspects of the Rose Revolution, it was primarily a social movement. Therefore, post-Soviet Georgian literature was not found in the center of the political upheavals. However, the revolutionary process was supported by young Georgian writers, practicing a predominantly postmodernist style and thus maintaining the ideas of pluralism and Westernization through their texts. The Revolution as a socio-political event has had a significant impact on the development of literature. The establishment of well-functioning state institutions, improved safety, increased social responsibility, and the attempt to integrate elements of Western culture into the fabric of society all provided new impulses to Georgian literature. -
Georgian Country and Culture Guide
Georgian Country and Culture Guide მშვიდობის კორპუსი საქართველოში Peace Corps Georgia 2017 Forward What you have in your hands right now is the collaborate effort of numerous Peace Corps Volunteers and staff, who researched, wrote and edited the entire book. The process began in the fall of 2011, when the Language and Cross-Culture component of Peace Corps Georgia launched a Georgian Country and Culture Guide project and PCVs from different regions volunteered to do research and gather information on their specific areas. After the initial information was gathered, the arduous process of merging the researched information began. Extensive editing followed and this is the end result. The book is accompanied by a CD with Georgian music and dance audio and video files. We hope that this book is both informative and useful for you during your service. Sincerely, The Culture Book Team Initial Researchers/Writers Culture Sara Bushman (Director Programming and Training, PC Staff, 2010-11) History Jack Brands (G11), Samantha Oliver (G10) Adjara Jen Geerlings (G10), Emily New (G10) Guria Michelle Anderl (G11), Goodloe Harman (G11), Conor Hartnett (G11), Kaitlin Schaefer (G10) Imereti Caitlin Lowery (G11) Kakheti Jack Brands (G11), Jana Price (G11), Danielle Roe (G10) Kvemo Kartli Anastasia Skoybedo (G11), Chase Johnson (G11) Samstkhe-Javakheti Sam Harris (G10) Tbilisi Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Workplace Culture Kimberly Tramel (G11), Shannon Knudsen (G11), Tami Timmer (G11), Connie Ross (G11) Compilers/Final Editors Jack Brands (G11) Caitlin Lowery (G11) Conor Hartnett (G11) Emily New (G10) Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Compilers of Audio and Video Files Keti Chikovani (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator, PC Staff) Irakli Elizbarashvili (IT Specialist, PC Staff) Revised and updated by Tea Sakvarelidze (Language and Cross-Culture Coordinator) and Kakha Gordadze (Training Manager). -
Country of Origin Information Report Republic of Georgia 25 November
REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT Country of Origin Information Service 25 November 2010 GEORGIA 25 NOVEMBER 2010 Contents Preface Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Maps ...................................................................................................................... 1.05 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 3. HISTORY .................................................................................................................. 3.01 Post-communist Georgia, 1990-2003.................................................................. 3.02 Political developments, 2003-2007...................................................................... 3.03 Elections of 2008 .................................................................................................. 3.05 Presidential election, January 2008 ................................................................... 3.05 Parliamentary election, May 2008 ...................................................................... 3.06 Armed conflict with Russia, August 2008 .......................................................... 3.09 Developments following the 2008 armed conflict.............................................. 3.10 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS .......................................................................................... -
Failed Prevention 35
Table of Contents Foreword by the Editors 5 PART I: CONCEPTS IN CONFLICT PREVENTION 9 Concepts and Instruments in Conflict Prevention 11 Frida Möller PART II: CONFLICT DEVELOPMENT AND FAILED PREVENTION 35 The Georgian-Abkhaz Conflict 37 Sabine Fischer Missed Windows of Opportunity in the Georgian-South Ossetian Conflict – The Political Agenda of the Post-Revolutionary Saakashvili Government (2004-2006) 59 Doris Vogl Failures of the Conflict Transformation and Root Causes of the August War 79 Oksana Antonenko PART III: VIEWS FROM THE REGION 95 Frozen Conflicts: The Missed Opportunities 97 Salomé Zourabichvili Failure to Prevent Violence – Lessons Learnt from the Georgian- Abkhazian Conflict Resolution Process 113 Liana Kvarchelia Missed Chances in the Georgian-South Ossetian Conflict – A View from South Ossetia 131 Alan Parastaev 3 PART IV: THE INTERNATIONAL INFLUENCE 139 OSCE Early Warning and the August Conflict in Georgia 141 Dov Lynch The Role of the United Nations in Abkhazia, Opportunities and Missed Opportunities between 1992 and 2009 151 Charlotte Hille United States’ and NATO’s Role in Georgia’s Territorial Conflicts August 1992-July 2008 169 Eugene Kogan Used & Missed Opportunities for Conflict Prevention in Georgia (1990-2008) – The Role of Russia 187 Markus Bernath Russia and South Ossetia: The Road to Sovereignty 207 Flemming Splidsboel Hansen PART V: CONCLUSIONS 235 Some Lessons Learnt in Conflict Prevention from the Conflicts in the Southern Caucasus 237 Predrag Jurekovi ć List of Authors and Editors 243 4 Foreword by the Editors The violent escalation of the Georgian/South Ossetian and Georgian/Abkhazian conflict in the summer of 2008 resulted in a significant deterioration of the regional security situation in this part of the Southern Caucasus. -
The Gurdjieff Folk Instruments Ensemble
Hoofdbegunstiger / Patron The Gurdjieff Folk Mede mogelijk gemaakt door Embassy of the Republic of Armenia Instruments Ensemble to the Kingdom of the Netherlands © Alber Babelon Omslagen programma's deel 1.indd 13 22-5-2015 11:55:22 INHOUD CONTENT THE MUSIC OF GURDJIEFF & KOMITAS ARMENIA: ORIENT & OCCIDENT Podium Mozaïek Muziekgebouw aan ’t IJ CREDITS 02 CREDITS 08 PROGRAMMA PROGRAMMA PROGRAMME 03 PROGRAMME 09 TOELICHTING TOELICHTING PROGRAMME NOTES 04 PROGRAMME NOTES 10 DE MUZIEK VAN JE INNERLIJKE ZELF THE MUSIC OF YOUR INNER SELF 12 OVER DE ARTIESTEN ABOUT THE ARTISTS 18 HOLLAND FESTIVAL 2015 23 WORD VRIEND BECOME A FRIEND 26 COLOFON COLOPHON 28 1 THE MUSIC OF CREDITS GURDJIEFF & KOMITAS muziek music George Gurdjieff, Komitas piano piano INFO Lusine Grigoryan ZO 7. 6 arrangeur, artistiek directeur SUN 7.6 arranger, artistic director Levon Eskenian aanvang starting time 14:30 2:30 pm musici musicians The Gurdjieff Folk Instruments Ensemble: locatie venue Emmanuel Hovhannisyan, duduk Podium Mozaïek Norayr Gapoyan, duduk, bass duduk Avag Margaryan, pogh duur running time Armen Ayvazyan, kamancha, cymbal 75 minuten, geen pauze Aram Nikoghosyan, oud 75 minutes, no interval Meri Vardanyan, kanon Vladimir Papikyan, santur Davit Avagyan, tar Mesrop Khalatyan, dap Eduard Harutyunyan, tmbuk, cymbal 2 PROGRAMMA Podium Mozaïek G.I. Gurdjieff (ca. 1866-1949) Komitas arr. Levon Eskenian gearrangeerd door Levon Eskenian voor Chant from a holy book traditionele Armeense instrumenten arranged for traditional Armenian G.I.Gurdjieff, T. De Hartmann instruments by Levon Eskenian Armenian Song Manushaki Bayaty Yerangui No 40 uit from: Asian Songs and Shoror Rhythms uitvoering performed by uitvoering performed by The Gurdjieff Ensemble Lusine Grigoryan, piano Komitas G.I. -
The Expansion of Russia in the Caucasus and Georgia Project
THE PROJECT IS IMPLEMENTED BY THE GEORGIAN FOUNDATION FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES. The Expansion of Russia in the Caucasus and Georgia project offers the reader collection s Editor-in-chief: Giorgi Cheishvili of scientific-popular articles which Editor-corrector: Tinatin Evdoshvili aims to cover the Project author: Irakli Gegechkori Georgian-Russian relations of the Designer: Tornike Bokuchava XVIII-XX centuries in a manner different from the widely propagated perspective of the official Russia. © Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies All rights reserved RUSSIA'S EXPANSION IN THE CAUCASUS AND GEORGIA Two Russias Myth or Reality? Otar Janelidze Two Russias (Myth or Reality?) It has been more than ten years since diplomatic mossy and reactionary Russia of the Skalozubs, Molchalins relations between the Russian Federation and Georgia and Famusovs, he juxtaposed the young and freedom-loving were severed but, nevertheless, the issue of relations Russia in the form of Chatsky. However, it should also be noted between the two countries is still relevant. The interest that the Chatskys were very few throughout Russia. Griboedov I is conditioned both by the desire to achieve a good- himself wrote: "In my comedy, 25 fools come for one sane neighborly coexistence between Russia and Georgia person." as well as by an objective insight of the past and From the point of view of modern Russian critics of the work, the need for a better understanding of it. In this regard, it is Griboedov describes the Russian society of the first half of worth discussing the so-called two Russias in order to find the XIX century and "Woe from Wit" is a poetic depiction of the out whether or not it is possible for the same country to be Russian reality. -
My First Introduction to Azerbaijan Was in a Book I Read in 1971 When I Was 19 Years Old and Searching for Larger Meaning in Life
AZERBAIJANI CARPETS My first introduction to Azerbaijan was in a book I read in 1971 when I was 19 years old and searching for larger meaning in life. I had grown up in the sleepy suburbs of Philadelphia and had become convinced while still a teenager that I needed to travel, see the world and learn a lot about how the rest of the world lives and thinks. The book I read, Meetings With Remarkable Men, was written by an early 20th century mystic philosopher and world traveler, George Gurdjieff. He was born and raised in the Caucasus, and on the first pages of his first chapter, he mentioned the name of a country I had never heard of, but was about to hear a lot about: Azerbaijan. I remember like yesterday feeling as if the name, so odd to my ears, just jumped off the page. In other writings this same author mentioned his abiding interest in and expertise on the oriental carpets of the regions, from the Caucasus, Turkey, Persian and Central Asia, where he claimed to have spent years in search of specialized esoteric wisdom. My first encounter with the carpets from Azerbaijan was filled with astonishment. I had not experienced such a wealth of feeling from a physical object. I didn't know it was possible to feel transported, merely by gazing at a woven pattern of design and color. Mr. Gurdjieff claimed that there existed in the world art that was of another level than the one we are accustomed to, art that was able to transport us to another way of feeling in this world, and the old carpets from the orient were sometimes able to do that. -
In Georgian Literature
ISSN 2029–2236 (print) ISSN 2029–2244 (online) SOCIALINIŲ MOKSLŲ STUDIJOS SOCIETAL STUDIES 2013, 5(1), p. 111–119. THE REFLECTION OF THE ETHNICAL TERMS “CAUCASUS” AND “CAUCASIAN” IN GEORGIAN LITERATURE Irma Ratiani Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Shota Rustaveli Intitute of Georgian Literature I. Chavchavadze av. 1, Tbilisi, Georgia Telephone (+995 32)99 53 00 E-mail: [email protected] Received on 11 April, 2011; accepted on 27 December, 2012 Abstract. Contemporary Georgian Literature offers interesting interpretations of the terms “Caucasus” and “Caucasian,” but the discussion about this problem was started much earlier, in the beginning of 19th century, when the livening up of the ethnical concepts of “Caucasus” and “Caucasian” was witnessed in Georgian literature and public thinking. The historical shift of Georgia into the new epoch of colonialism, which can alternatively be called “The Epoch of Russian Colonialism”, caused the accentuation of the above mentioned concepts. Russia used the privilege of the orthodox country, confronted Georgians with non- Christian people of the Caucasus and deprived them from their political independence. The reaction of Georgians towards Russian colonialism was characterized by double standards, which were clearly reflected in Georgian literature of the period of Romanticism, first of all, in relation to the interpretation of the concepts “Caucasus” and “Caucasian.” The genuine goal of the colonial policy and their social strategies were pointed out clearly in the 1850–60s. The Georgians’ response to colonialism was modified and the previous ambivalent status was replaced by the radical confrontation: the main goal became the idea of the peaceful Caucasus on the condition of protection of national identities. -
The Cases of the Litterateurs Tomas Venclova and Zviad Gamsakhurdia in Soviet Lithuania and Soviet Georgia
From Establishment to Dissent: The Cases of the Litterateurs Tomas Venclova and Zviad Gamsakhurdia in Soviet Lithuania and Soviet Georgia Vilius Ivanauskas The author Vilius Ivanauskas holds a PhD degree in history. He is a senior research fellow at the Lithuanian institute of history. In 2012-2013 he was a Fulbright scholar at UC Berkeley (US). His newest book on nationalism and soviet writers (Framed Identity: Lithuanian writers in “friendship of nations” empire) was published in 2015. His first book (“Lithuanian nomenklatura in bureaucratic system: between stagnation and dynamic (1969-1988)”) was published in 2011. One of his articles on writers was also published in the major international journal Europe-Asia” studies (66, 2014). His research interests are soviet intellectuals, ethno-particularism in soviet peripheries, party and cultural elites in Lithuania. Abstract Soviet intellectuals were closely related with indoctrination practices and the legitimisation of the regime. During post-Stalinism Soviet intellectuals experienced the impact of destalinization by opening more room for the dynamic exchange of ideas and expressions. It is important to explore the Soviet peripheries, which were important for the demise of USSR, and to track down similar manifestations in them. This article pays special attention to those controversial situations in Soviet Lithuania and Soviet Georgia, that showed the shift in ideologies, conflicts in cultural establishment and the lines of cleavage that have emerged within the dissident movements. By embracing the Cold war atmosphere in Soviet peripheries, this article analyses the trajectories of two intellectuals - the poet Tomas Venclova and the literary critic Zviad Gamsakhurdia, who came from the families of cultural nomenclatura in Soviet periphery, but who in the 70’s increasingly moved to the position of dissidents and human rights activists. -
Political Forum: 10 Questions on Georgia's Political Development
1 The Caucasus Institute for Peace, Democracy and Development Political Forum: 10 Questions on Georgia’s Political Development Tbilisi 2007 2 General editing Ghia Nodia English translation Kakhaber Dvalidze Language editing John Horan © CIPDD, November 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or oth- erwise, without the prior permission in writing from the proprietor. CIPDD welcomes the utilization and dissemination of the material included in this publication. This book was published with the financial support of the regional Think Tank Fund, part of Open Society Institute Budapest. The opinions it con- tains are solely those of the author(s) and do not reflect the position of the OSI. ISBN 978-99928-37-08-5 1 M. Aleksidze St., Tbilisi 0193 Georgia Tel: 334081; Fax: 334163 www.cipdd.org 3 Contents Foreword ................................................................................................ 5 Archil Abashidze .................................................................................. 8 David Aprasidze .................................................................................21 David Darchiashvili............................................................................ 33 Levan Gigineishvili ............................................................................ 50 Kakha Katsitadze ...............................................................................67 -
The Shock of Presence.’ Brook Articulated This Very Clearly in His Essay on Gurdjieff, ‘The Secret Dimension,’
ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the social, political, and cultural climate which facilitated the emergence of Peter Brook and Jerzy Grotowski as the most influential theatre directors in the Fig. 1. Unknown. Last photograph taken of George Gurdjieff. 1948. second half of the Twentieth Century. Jeremy Johnson This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts THE SHOCK OF (Research) Department of Theatre and Performance Studies. Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Sydney November 2017 PRESENCE Peter Brook & Jerzy Grotowski - The Reinvention of Australian Theatre I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work and that all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources have been acknowledged. 1 Table of Contents Prologue 2 Introduction 4 Part 1 1.1 Stanislavski and the Russian Soul 13 1.2 A Challenge to Prevailing Ideologies: 20 How the Cultural Landscape was shaped to receive the Ideas of Gurdjieff in the 1920s and Brook and Grotowski in the 1960s 1.3 Jerzy Grotowski: hic et nunc. The Sacred Aim. 31 1.4 Peter Brook: An Orthodoxy within the Mysticism 37 Part 2 2.1 1960: The Time is Not Yet Ripe 51 2.2 1970: Australia and the Shock of Identity in an Overdue Cultural Revolution 56 2.3 Larrikins, Ockers and the Empty Space 62 2.4 Freestyle Upstream to Jerzy Shore 73 Part 3 3.1 Poor Theatre, Women’s Theatre, and Take No Prisoners 79 3.2 Conclusion: The Socio-Political and Spiritual Legacy 86 Endnotes 96 Bibliography 100 2 Prologue Even at a superficial level, looking at Peter Brook and Jerzy Grotowski, one cannot help but see two sides of the same coin: Brook re-evaluating theatre as an empty space for ritual practice, Grotowski re-evaluating the empty soul of ritual practice and making it theatre. -
SELF-REMEMBERING Georges Ivanovitch Gurdjieff (1870-1949) & His Legacy
SELF-REMEMBERING Georges Ivanovitch Gurdjieff (1870-1949) & His Legacy By Joanna Nicholls–Parker A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in RELIGIOUS STUDIES 591 Victoria University of Wellington 2014 1 SELF-REMEMBERING Georges Ivanovitch Gurdjieff (1870–1949) & His Legacy Contents: 1) ABSTRACT 2) INTRODUCTION 3) HISTORICAL CONTENT . Georges Ivanovitch Gurdjieff 1870–1949 . Pyotr Demianovich Ouspensky 1878–1947 . Ouspensky with Dr. Francis Crosbie Roles 1901–1982 – Master/pupil 4) THE MANIFEST SPIRITUAL PRACTICES AND TECHNIQUES 5) THE LONDON STUDY GROUP SPIRITUAL PRACTICES & TECHNIQUES: An Account Of * A Reflection On * Contemporary Academic Literature . Dr. Francis Crosbie Roles 1901–1982 . Dr. Peter Fenwick 1935–present 6) CONCLUSION 7) BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 SELF-REMEMBERING Georges Ivanovitch Gurdjieff (1870–1949) & His Legacy ABSTRACT The subject of this thesis is the spiritual practices taught by Gurdjieff (1870- 1949) and the legacy of these teachings in the major spiritual groups that have aspired to follow his path. I argue that at the core of these spiritual techniques are the practices that Gurdjieff referred to as “self-remembering” and “transition” and that by an analysis of these it is possible to articulate Gurdjieff’s spiritual system in a novel fashion. This articulation is then utilized to explore the different ways in which his system was developed by his disciples. The more recent studies of spirituality and spiritual techniques allow us to critically reconsider Gurdjieff and his legacy in a systemic and academic fashion. The thesis concludes that while Gurdjieff was a man and teacher of his time many of the themes of his teachings continue to resonate in contemporary spiritual movements and that his influence has been wider than is often acknowledged, and that at the centre of this legacy are his spiritual techniques.