Trans. Proc. Palacont. Soc. Japan, N. S.. No. 47. pp. 298-300. P1. 46. Scpt. 10. 1962

436. ON THE GENUS CARPINUS WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES*

SEIDO ENDO

Tokyo National Science Museum

「カル ビヌ ス」 属 に つ い て お よ び2新 種 の 記 載:「 カ ル ピヌ ス 」 の 現 生 種 は約40種 あ るが こ と ご と く北半 球 に産 し,そ の大 部 分 は ア ジア州 に現 生 し北 米 合衆 国 と ヨー ロ ッバ 州 に各 々一 種 生 き てい る。 化 石 種 は 約80種 あ り新生 代 に限 って 産 出 し,古 第 三 紀 層 に は少 な く中新 世 に 最 も多 い。 葉 で 種 を 識 別 す る こと は 困 難 で あ るが,種 は小 苞 に よ って 識別 され る.欧 米 産 の 二 種 の 小 鐘は3葉 に な って い る が ア ジア産 の もの は単 葉 の もの が 多 い 。 日本の 上 部 中新 世 頃 の 地 層 か ら3葉 の小 苞 の 化石 が発 見 さ れ,そ の形 態 は欧 米 産 の もの に よ く似 て い る。 北 海道 の石 狩 統 か ら薪 し く発見 され た小 苞 は 非常 に小 さな もの で 祖先 型 と思 わ れ る。 遠 藤 誠 道

The existing species of the genus l axiflora, etc. The geological records are Carpinus are about 40 in number. all of about 80 species from the Eocene to the which are limited to the northern hemi- Pleistocene (BERGER, 1953: SARGENT, sphere in its distribution ; many of them 1916 ; HU and CHUN, 1933 ; WINKLER, now exist in east Asia.** There are only 1904). in age, and reached its maximum two species now exist in North America development in the Miocene age ; and in and Europe. In well developed involucres, the Palaeogene age. the reliable records both of the American species, Carpinus are comparatively rare. The involucres caroliniana, and the European species, of Carpinus grandis UNG. (KRAUSEL, 1919, Carpinus betulus are trilobed, while in pl. 3, f. 4, pl. 9, f. 2) are similar to the many Asiatic species are generally Carpinus caroliniana, and Carpinus hon- simple with some of the exceptions, for shuensis (ENDO, 1950, p. 56, pl. 6, f. 6) examples, Carpinus tientaiensis, C. londo- from the lower Pliocene formation of niana. C. poilanei, C. lanceolata, and C. Kawanishi-mura, Yama-gun, Fukushima Prefecture is also similar to Carpinus * Received Jan . 26, 1962: read Jan. 20, caroliniana. Our Miocene species Carpinus 1962. nipponica (ENDO, 1950. p. 53, pl. 6, f. 8) **22 species exist in China (Among these from the upper Miocene of Nishizawa, species, 3 species are common with Japan.) Akiu-mura near Sendai, Japan. is rather 5 species exist in Japanese Islands. similar to Carpinus betulus than Carpinus 7 species exist in Korea. (Among these caroliniana. species. 2 species are common with Japan. In short, the similar fossils to Carpinus one species is common with Manchuria and caroliniana and to Carpinus betulus ex- Northern China, respectively.) 5 species exist in Taiwan. isted in the Middle Tertiary period (the 4 species exist in Central Asia. upper Miocene or the lower Pliocene) at 1 species exists in Atlantic North Ameri- the northern Honshu of Japan, while C. ca, Europe, Manchuria and Northern China. caroliniana now exists only in the south- respectively. eastern North America, and C. betulus in

298 436. On the Genus Carpinus 299

the middle Europe to Persia . Carpinus Shimokawarai ENDO, n. sp.

Plate 46, Figure 8 Carpinus Takaoi ENDO, n. sp.

Plate 46, Figure 6 Description:-Leaves oblong-ovate to long-ovate in shape, length 13 cm .•}, Description:-Involucre ovate in shape . width 3 cm.•}; apex acuminated, base about 0.8 cm. long, and 0.4 cm. in maxi- rounded. petiole not preserved ; margins mum width, apex acute, base rounded : finely duplicate serrated, teeth extended margins roughly serrated ; stipe and seed into slender spines; midrib slender and

straight, secondary nerves numerous not preserved. Texture coriaceous . Pri- , mary nerves 5 in number craspedodrome , closely spaced. slightly curving upwards, secondary nerves thin and obscure . Areo- parallel, 20 or more pairs. subopposite or lation thin, meshes quadrate or poly- alternate, arising at ca. 40•‹ in the middle gonal. of the leaf, the angles slightly more Remarks:-It is not always easy to acute below, extremities bearing 1 or 2

distinguish the every species from the small abaxial branches, branches enter- fossil leaves of genus Carpinus , but ing second order teeth ; tertiary nerves it is sometimes easy to identify the irregularly percurrent ; areolation rather species from the involucres . The in- coarse. Texture subcoriaceous. volucres of Carpinus japonica BL. are Remarks:-The present material is somewhat similar to the present one , but somewhat similar to the existing Carpi- the latter is smaller than the formers . nus japonica BLUME, but the former Another allied one is the simple (not much longer than the latter. Another lobated) involucres of Carpinus laxiflora allied species is Carpinus fraterna LES-

.. but these are larger than the BI present QUEREUX, which was described by one. Some of the simple (not lobated) LESQUEREUX (1883, p. 152. pl . 27, f. 12- involucres of Carpinus caroliniana WALT. 14), from the Oligocene of Florissant, are another likely one , but the present Colo.. U. S. A. (MACGINITIE, 1953. p. 97, involucre is thinner and smaller than the pl. 26, f. 1-3. It may be probably the formers. progenitor of the existing Carpinus

As already stated. the fossils of japonica BL., because the involucre of genus Carpinus occur from the Eocene the Carpinus Takaoi ENDO occurs from to Pleistocene in age . The present in- the same horizon of another locality. volucre may be the progenitor of Carpinus The involucre of Carpinus Takaoi are japonica. because its leaves occur from somewhat similar to the young involu- the same horizon of the Ishikari group , cres of Carpinus japonica BLUME . and because it is very simple , smallest Locality:-The upper course of the and similar to the involucres of the Enhorokabetsu, a tributary of the Yu- Miocene Carpinus protojaponica (ENDO, bari river, Yubari-city, Hokkaido, Japan. 1950, p. 52, pl. 6, f. 2) which are also Horizon:-Woodwardia formation . similar to those of Carpinus japonica . Locality s—The river bank of the Yu- Literatures bari River, Shimizusawa , Yubari-city. BERGER. W. (1953), Studien zur Systematik Hokkaido, Japan. and Geschichte der Gattung Carpinus . Horizon-Woodwardia formation . ot. Notiser 1953, Ilufte 1. Lund . B 300 Sgido ENDO

-(1953), Eine neue Carpinus-Art aus dem KRAUSEL. R. (1919), Die Pflanzen des Schlesi- Oberoligozan des Rheinlandes. op. cit., schen Tertiars. e 3. Lund. Haft MACGINTTIE, H.D. (1953). Fossil plants of ENDO, S. (1940), A Pleistocene flora from the Florissant beds. Colorado. Carnegie Siobara, Japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Inst. Washington Pub.. No. 599. Univ., 2nd ser. 21, 1, Sendai. NAGEL. K. (1916), Betulaceae, Fossilium Cata- (1950), On the fossil- Carpinus from logus II, 8. Berlin. Japan and Korea. Short Papers, I. G. P. S., SARGENT, C. S. (1915), Plantae Wilsonianae. No. 2. Vol. II. -(1955), Icones of fossil plants from UNGER, F. (1852). Iconographia plantarum Japanese Islands. "Sangyo Tosho Co., fossilium. Denkschr. K. Akad. d. Wiss., ltd." math-naturw. Kl. 7. Wien. HEER. O. (1856), Flora fossilis Helvetiae II. WINKLER, H. (1904). Betulaceen. In A. He. H.H. and CHUN. H. (1927, 33), Icones ENGLER: Das Pflanzenreich IV, 61. plantarum sinicarum I, III, Shanghai. Leipzig.

Explanation of Plate 46

Fig. 1. Carpinus caroliniana WALT, (Pennsylvania U. S. A.) •~1 Existing specimen, for comparison.

After W. BERGER : (Studien zur Systematik und Geschichte der Gattung Carpinits

p. 16. Aff. 6, F, F. 1953.) Fig. 2. Carpinus grandis UNG.•~1 After O.HEER. (HEER, O.: Flora fossilis Helvetiae II, p. 40, F. 12. Pl. LXXII, 1856.)

Fig. 3. 11. Garyinus betulus L.•~1 Existing specimen, for comparison. After W. BERGER. 3. (BERGER, W.: op. cit., p. 11,

F. D. Abb. 4. 1953.) 11. After A. ENGLER. (A. ENGLER : Das Pflanzenreich, IV, 61,

etulaceae (H. WINKLAR) p. 39, F. G. a. 1904. B

Fig. 4. Carpinus protojaponica ENDO.•~1 After S. ENDO, (ENDO, S.: lcones of fossil plants. pl. 35, f. 16. 1955, and, On the

fossil Carpinus from Japan and Korea, Short Papers I. G. P. S. No. 2. p. 52. 1950.)

Fig. 5. Carpinus japonica BLENIE.•~1 After S. ENDO (ENDO, S.: A Pleistocene Flora from Siobara, Japan, Sci. Rept. Tohoku

Imp. Univ. 2nd. Ser. Geology, vol. XXI, No. 1, p. 55. p1. VI, F. 4. 1940.)

Fig. 6. Carpinus Takaoi ENDO, x ca. 2 (n. sp.) Locality : The river bank of the river Yubari, Shimizusawa, Yubari-city, Hokkaido,

Japan. Fig. 7. Carpinus nipponica ENDO •~1 Locality : Nishizawa, Akiho-mura, Near Sendai. Japan. (Miocene Age) After S. ENDO:

On the fossil Carpinus from Japan and Korea. op. cit., p. 53. pl. 6. F. 8. 1950.

Fig. 8. Carpinus Shintokawarai ENDO,•~1 (a. sp.) Locality : The upper course of the Enhorokabetsu river, a triburary of the river Yubari, Yubari-city, Hokkaido, Japan. Fig. 9. Carpinus honshuensis ENDO. •~1 Locality : Maki, Kawanishi-mura, Yama-gun, Fukushima Prefecture, Honshu, Japan.

(Lower Pliocene ?) After S. ENDO. (ENDO, S.: On the Fossil Carpinus from Japan, and Korea. op. cit., p. 56. pl. 6, F. 6, 1950.)

Fig. 10. Carpinus tientaiensis CIIENG.•~1

Existing specimen, for comparison. After W. BERGER. (BERGER, W. : Studien zur Syste matik und Geschichte der Gattung Carpinus. op. cit., p. 16, Aff. 6, F. A. 1953.) ENDO: On the genus Carpinus Plate 46

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