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Ofcameldreedsofpakistan rr* ICUMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CAMEL DREEDS OF PAKISTAN THESIS il*t C5& M-j: 'A ( KÿM •A.- r. W" By MUHAMMAD NAWAZ BALOCH EPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCES DH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY,TANDO JAM 2002 DOCUMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CAMEL BREEDS OF PAKISTAN THESIS BY MUHAMMAD NAWAZ BALOCH M.Sc.(Hons.) \ i A THESIS SUBMITTED THROUGH THE DEPARTMENT OF LIV ESTOCK MANAGEMENT,FAC ULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCES,SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY,TANDO.JAM IN CONNECTION WITH THE FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSPHY 2001 DOCUMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CAMEL BREEDS OF PAKISTAN BY MUHAMMAD NAWAZ BALOCH APPROVAL CERTIFICATE BY SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE Certified that the work embodied in this manuscript has not previously been done anti the thesis has been prepared in accordance with the thesis manual of Sindh Agriculture University. Tando Jam to the satisfaction of the supervisory committee. Supervisor DR.CHOUS BAKHSH ISAM Prolessor!Meri torIOUS)Re td: Department of Livestock Management Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences. Sindh Agriculture University. Tando Jam. Co-Supervisor-1 KH Professor!Meritorious) Department of Veterinary Physiology Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University. Tando Jam. Co-Supervisor-1 1 DR.\Jxrs\0HA\IMAI)BALOCH Professor Department of Animal Nutrition Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences. Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam. Date ofThesis Defense. // rrr...f}.. r-- 20CQ : ..... .......__ 1 il Dedication This humble effort and the fruit of my thoughts are Dedicated to my beloved wife and children to MY Sons And Daughters SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY,TANDO JAM. “THESIS RELEASE FORM” 1. MUHAMMAD NAWAZ BALOCH. hereby authorize Sindh Wriculture University. Tando Jam to supply copies of mv thesis to libraries or individuals upon requests. Signature //- T- T-erby' Date iii r : DOCUMENTATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CAMEL BREEDS OF PAKISTAN iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All praise be to Almighty ALLAH, Who created man, gave him the gift of expression and revealed for him Holy “QURAN”, which is a source of advice. healing guidance and mercy for those who have faith The author bow before Almightv ALLAH and express his humblest and sincerest words of gratitude to HIM. WHO bestowed upon the author the potential and ability to make material contribution to the already existing body ofknowledge. The author feels, great pleasure and honour, to acknowledge the indebtedness to his supervisor and teacher Professor Dr. Ghous Bakhsli Isani. Department of Livestock Management, for his kind able and skilled guidance during the conduct of research and writing of the thesis. The author finds no words to express iris immense gratitudes for the valuable suggestions, inspiring guidance, personal interest of the supervisor without which, this thesis would have never attained it's present shape It is a matter of great pride and privilege for the author to express his feelings of obligation and deepest indebtedness to Dr. lsam for his thought provoking ideas and encouraging attitude during the entire study programme The author found him very kind, and polilelv behaving person during the period of the studv and prays for his success in "Din and ' Dunya and for his good health. Author also wishes to express his sincere thanks to the members of supervisory committee Dr. Gul Muhammad Baioch. Professor. Department of Animal Nutrition and Dr Bashir Ahmed Sheikh Professor.Meritorious. Department of Veterinary Physiology for their keen co-operation and valuable suggestions Sincerest appreciation's are also extended to M/s. Muhammad Amir Qaimkhani, Associate Professor and Chairman. Department of Livestock Management and Ghulam Hussain Soomro, Professor!Retd.). Department of Livestock Management Dr.Jamilluddin Warsi Associate Professor.(Retd) Dairy Technology, for their co-operation. It is also the author’s profound privilege to express his sincere thanks to Director’s. Deputy Director's, Assistant Director’s and veterinary officers of Livestock Department of Sindh. Punjab. N.W.F P , Northern Areas and Baluchistan for their great help in identifying the camel herds and facilitating visits to the farms for collecting the data. The author is deeply indebted to them and their staff particularly to Dr Havnt Ali Director Agriculture research Gilgit. and Dr Abdul Wahid Jasra. Director N.ADRd. Islamabad, who assisted in accomplishment of the laborious work ol data recording tor .this research Author also acknowledge the help and assistance of Dr Abdul Jabbar Malik. Director. Advanced Studies and Research. Sindh Agriculture University. Tando .lain for during the development of this manuscript the valuable suggestions in connection with the formal of the thesis during the course ot study and writeup paved i he way for its early completion Author also wishes to extend his thanks to Mr. Abdul Sattar Memon, Senior Veterinary Officer and Mr. Zahid Iqbal Rajput. Veterinary Officer.rbi their help during collection of the data and computer composing of thesis with care and patience The co-operation, extended by M/S Rashid Ahmed Nizamani and None Mimed Soomro. Senior Veterinary Officers of the department Animal Husbandry Sindh. for helping in statistical analysis ofthe data is also gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are due to Mr Pervniz Ahmed Shaikh for computerizing and preparation of thesis work And helping in scanning and compiling the work. Thanks are due to Mr. Shafique Ahmed, Photographer for preparation of slides and Mithal Gabo. Assistant in the office of Director General Livestock and Fisheries for a help m typing work Thanks are acknowledged to Mr. Ashfaque Ahmed Isani Associate Professor. Mehran University of Engineering Jamshoro for his help in scanning and printing the photographs ofthe breeds for inclusion in tbe manuscript. Last but not the least the author is grateful to all the camel breeders and camel keepers in the four provinces and Northern .Areas who provided the useful information during the data collection. vi AN ABSTRACT OFTHETHESIS OF Muhammad Nawaz Baloch for Doctor of Philosophy(PIvD) Maior Livestock Manauement Title: Documentation and Characterization of Camel Breeds of Pakistan. Study was carried out to identify, document and characterize the camel breeds of Pakistan Data were collected on pre-tested questionnaire from different rregions of the count rv and statistically analyzed The breeds documented from various provinces of Pakistan are Larri. Kharai. Sakrai and Dhatti from Sindh. Kachhi. Brahvi. Makrani. Lasse Rodbari, Pisiiin and Kharani from Baluchistan: Marecha. Bagri. Brela and Campbelpuri trom Punjab;Kala-Chitta. Ghuimani. Gaddi. Khader and Maya from NWFP and Bacterian (double-humped) from Northern Areas of Pakistan Habitat and ecology of each breed is described The data were collected on breed characteristics like morphological. >omatometeric. growth, production, reproduction traits, draughtability and utility of the documented breeds The morphological data included the measurement of various body .pans, like face, head .ears .neck, hump and somaiometeric measurements included girth. height, length and measurement of fore and hind legs Values of pooled data ( of all the breeds) on birth weight, weaning weight and adult weight averaged 46.69. 94 14 and 668 74 kg. respectively The effects of the breed and sex were significant Overall means of age at first riding and first loading were 1 192.19 and 1445.69 days, respectively. The milk yield and lactation length averaged 1894 94 liters and 445.58 days, respectively. Average age at first breeding in male and female was 4.23 and 4.57 years, respectively. The variations in the trait due to sex and breed were significant Overall means of dry period and calving interval were 289 84 and 764 87 days, respectively Mean value of riding speed and load carrying capability were 769 .km/hr and 406 IS kg. respectively The camel is playing an important role in the agrarian economy of Pakistan. It's role in performing various on and off farm operations (load carrying on back, pulling cart load, drawing u'ater from the wells, drawing Persian well and oil extraction mills etc )have also been assessed vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE NO. LIST OF TABLES ....IX LIST OF FIGURES . XV CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE . .. S Evolution .... S 2 Domestication 10 4 Breeds . .10 4. Productive traits 14 4.1 Milk production 14 4.11 Milk composition , 10 4 12 Milk products 2.4.4 Nutritive values ofcamel milk. .. 24 4.2 Meat production 25 4,2.1 Nutritive values ofcamel meat. 27 4.4 Wool and hair ofcamel 20 4 Reproductive trails 42 6. Growth traits .... 4! 7 Draught '.Work traits ... 44 IN. MATERIALS AND METHODS 49 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 59 . V. SUMMARY ... 266 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS .... 271 LITERATURE CITED . 274 APPENDICES 285 SYNOPSIS .....401 VIII LIST OF TABLES PAGE NO. TABLES1 ~ 1 PARTICULARS Average composition of milk from cattle, sheep, goats and 7 camels Comparison of dentition ofcamel and cattle 7 Standards of measurments on morphological parameters, . ,5S 4 Means of morphological characteristics of Larri camel 62 ; Means ofsometometeric measurement of Larri camel 62 ( Growth traits of Larri camel ..63 Production traits of Larri camel 64 S Reproductive traits of Larri camel 64 Draught traits of Larri camel . 65 It) Means of morphological characteristics of Kharai Camel 70 i ; Means ofsometometeric
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