Artificial Intelligence
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Letters to the Editor
AI Magazine Volume 12 Number 3 (1991) (© AAAI) Letters q Editor: system-centered research. First, the the other does. No theorist is going Thank you for the opportunity to split between the neats and scruffies to spend his or her time attempting respond to the letters by Jim Hendler, is old and institutionalized, as to bring precision to a mess of hacks, James Herbsleb and Mike Wellman Hendler points out. Few researchers kludges and “knowledge,” and no regarding my survey of the Eighth are trained in both camps. Second, system builder is apt to find the National Conference on Artificial the pathologies that researchers in attempt informative. MAD does not Intelligence (AI Magazine, Volume 12, AAAI-90 themselves attributed to mean business as usual with occa- No. 1). The letters raise many inter- focusing on just one aspect did, in sional collaborative meetings. esting points that can be roughly fact, arise. Third, the expected advan- hfAn means assessing environmen- classified as questioning the validity tages of merging systems and models tal factors that affect behavior; of the survey and questioning the did, in fact, materialize (although the modelling the causal relationships proposed MAD methodology. Mike sample was very small). Wellman between a system’s design, its envi- Wellman says, “As Cohen acknowl- says that just because I didn’t see ronment, and its behavior; designing edges, a serious problem with the system-centered and model-centered or redesigning a system (or part of a survey is that the AAAI conference research reported together, doesn’t system); predicting how the system proceedings do not accurately repre- mean it wasn’t there; I say that I will behave; running experiments to sent the field.” Actually, I did not found pathoIogies (e.g., see my sec- test the predictions; explaining unex- acknowledge that AAAI is not repre- tions Models Without Systems and pected results and modifying modeis sentative; I just raised the possibility. -
Artificial General Intelligence and the Future of the Human Race Bryon Pavlacka
ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE FUTURE OF THE HUMAN RACE Bryon Pavlacka Artificial Intelligence is all around us. It manages be used against humanity. Of course, such threats are not your investments, makes the subway run on time, imaginary future possibilities. Narrow AI is already used diagnoses medical conditions, searches the internet, solves by the militaries of first world countries for war purposes. enormous systems of equations, and beats human players Consider drones such as the Northrop Grumman X-47B, at chess and Jeopardy. However, this “narrow AI,” designed an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle that is being tested for solving specific, narrow problems, is something by the US Navy (DefenseTech.org, 2011). That’s right, there distinctly different from Artificial General Intelligence, or is no pilot. Of course, the drone can be given orders, but “AGI”, true thinking machines with human-like general the exact way in which those orders are carried out will intelligence (Wang, Goertzel, & Franklin, 2008, p. v). While be left up to the drone’s Narrow AI system. Whether such AGI is not rigidly defined, it is often envisioned as being systems will ever be extended toward general intelligence self-aware and capable of complex thought, and has is currently unknown. However, the US military has shown BSJ been a staple of science fiction, appearing prominently in interest in producing and controlling generally intelligent popular films such as 2001: A Space Odyssey, Terminator, killing machines as well, as made evident by a paper called and I, Robot. In each of these films, the machines go “Governing Lethal Behavior” by Ronald C. -
The Bias-Variance Tradeoff
The Bias-Variance Tradeoff: How Data Science Can Inform Educational Debates Shayan Doroudi Abstract In addition to providing a set of techniques to analyze educational data, I claim that data science as a field can provide broader insights to education research. In partic- ular, I show how the bias-variance tradeoff from machine learning can be formally generalized to be applicable to several prominent educational debates, including de- bates around learning theories (cognitivist vs. situativist and constructivist theories) and pedagogy (direct instruction vs. discovery learning). We then look to see how various data science techniques that have been proposed to navigate the bias-variance tradeoff can yield insights for productively navigating these educational debates going forward. Keywords: bias-variance tradeoff, learning theories, direct instruction, discovery learning, re- search methods, epistemology, artificial intelligence, machine learning Introduction In recent years, data science and machine learning have been used to make sense of various forms of educational data. Educational data science can enhance our understanding of learning and teaching; give insights to teachers, students, and administrators about learning happening in the 1 classroom; and lead to the creation of data-driven adaptive learning systems. However, I claim that machine learning and data science have more to offer than a set of techniques that can be applied to educational data. Theoretical concepts and principles in machine learning can provide broader insights to education research. In particular, in this paper, I show that the bias-variance tradeoff from machine learning can provide a new lens with which to view prominent educational debates. The field of education is filled with seemingly perennial debates that have important implications on the nature of educational research and practice. -
Resume / CV Prof. Dr. Hugo De GARIS
Resume / CV Prof. Dr. Hugo de GARIS Full Professor of Computer Science Supervisor of PhD Students in Computer Science and Mathematical Physics Director of the Artificial Brain Laboratory, Department of Cognitive Science, School of Information Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, CHINA [email protected] http://www.iss.whu.edu.cn/degaris Education PhD, 1992, Brussels University, Brussels, Belgium, Europe. Thesis Topic : Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Life. Who’s Who Prof. Dr. Hugo de Garis, biographical entry in Marquis’s “Who’s Who in Science and Engineering”, USA, 2008. Editorial Board Memberships of Academic Journals (5) 1. Executive Editor of the “Journal of Artificial General Intelligence” (JAGI), an online journal at http://journal.agi-network.org (from 2008). 2. “Engineering Letters ” journal (International Association of Engineers, IAENG) 3. “Journal of Evolution and Technology ” (Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, IEET) 4. “Evolutionary Computation ” journal (MIT Press) (former editorial board member, 1992-2007). 5. “Neurocomputing ” journal (Elsevier) (former editorial board member, 2000- 2006) Publications Summary Movie 1 Books 4 Journal Articles 27 Conference Papers 100 Book Chapters 15 Total 147 Movie (1) 6 minutes in the movie “Transcendent Man : The Life and Ideas of Ray Kurzweil”, Ptolemaic Productions, 2009. The movie discusses the rise of massively intelligent machines. Books (4) Hugo de Garis, “The Artilect War : Cosmists vs. Terrans : A Bitter Controversy Concerning Whether Humanity Should Build Godlike Massively Intelligent Machines”, ETC Publications, ISBN 0-88280-153-8, 0-88280-154-6, 2005. (Chinese version) “History of Artificial Intelligence –The Artilect War”, Tsinghua University Press, 2007. Hugo de Garis, “Multis and Monos : What the Multicultured Can Teach the Monocultured : Towards the Growth of a Global State”, ETC Publications, ISBN 978- 088280162-9, 2009. -
Perfection: United Goal Or Divisive Myth? a Look Into the Concept of Posthumanism and Its Theoretical Outcomes in Science Fiction
PERFECTION: UNITED GOAL OR DIVISIVE MYTH? A LOOK INTO THE CONCEPT OF POSTHUMANISM AND ITS THEORETICAL OUTCOMES IN SCIENCE FICTION by Rebecca McCarthy B.A., Southern Illinois University, 2009 M.A., Southern Illinois University, 2013 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Masters of Arts Department of English in the Graduate School Southern Illinois University Carbondale December 2013 Copyright by Rebecca McCarthy, 2013 All Rights Reserved THESIS APPROVAL PERFECTION: UNITED GOAL OR DIVISIVE MYTH? A LOOK INTO THE CONCEPT OF POSTHUMANISM AND ITS THEORETICAL OUTCOMES IN SCIENCE FICTION By Rebecca McCarthy A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters in the field of English Literature Approved by: Dr. Robert Fox, Chair Dr. Elizabeth Klaver Dr. Tony Williams Graduate School Southern Illinois University Carbondale 8/09/2013 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Rebecca McCarthy, for the Masters of English degree in Literature, presented on August 9, 2013, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: PERFECTION: UNITED GOAL OR DIVISIVE MYTH? A LOOK INTO THE CONCEPT OF POSTHUMANISM AND ITS THEORETICAL OUTCOMES IN SCIENCE FICTION MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Robert Fox As science races to keep up with science fiction, many scientists are beginning to believe that the next step in human evolution will be a combination of human and machine and look a lot like something out of Star Trek. The constant pursuit of perfection is a part of the human condition, but if we begin to stretch beyond the natural human form can we still consider ourselves human? Transhumanism and posthumanism are only theories for now, but they are theories that threaten to permanently displace the human race, possibly pushing it into extinction. -
03 Garbowski.Pdf
ZESZYTY NAUKOWE POLITECHNIKI ŚLĄSKIEJ 2017 Seria: ORGANIZACJA I ZARZĄDZANIE z. 113 Nr kol. 1991 1 Marcin GARBOWSKI 2 John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin 3 Methodology of Science Department at the Faculty of Philosophy 4 [email protected] 5 A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ASILOMAR AI PRINCIPLES 6 Streszczenie. The article focuses on the analysis of a set of principles 7 concerning the development of artificial intelligence, which were agreed upon a 8 the Asilomar international conference in January 2017. The declaration was 9 signed by leading scholar in the field of transhumanism and representatives of the 10 hi-tech enterprises. The purpose of the article is to lay out the core assumptions 11 behind this established set of norms that aim at the creation of so call „friendly 12 AI” as well as their practical implications. 13 Słowa kluczowe: Artificial intelligence, philosophy of technology, trans- 14 humanism 15 KRYTYCZNA ANALIZA ZASAD DOTYCZĄCYCH SZTUCZNEJ 16 INTELIGENCJI Z ASILOMAR 17 Abstract. Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza zestawu zasad uzgodnionych na 18 międzynarodowej konferencji w Asilomar ze stycznia 2017 roku dotycząca 19 rozwoju sztucznej inteligencji. Sygnatariuszami porozumienia są czołowi badacze 20 tematyki związanej z transhumanizmem, ale także przedstawiciele koncernów z 21 sektora hi-tech. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie założeń stojących za 22 deklarowanym szkicem norm, mających na celu wytworzenie tzw. Przyjaznej 23 sztucznej inteligencji oraz ich praktycznych konsekwencji. 24 Keywords: Sztuczna inteligencja, filozofia techniki, transhumanism 25 1. Introduction 26 When we consider the various technological breakthroughs which in the past decades 27 have had the greatest impact on a broad scope of human activity and which are bound to 28 increase it in the coming years, artificial intelligence certainly occupies a prominent place. -
Inteligência Artificial
Inteligência Artificial ESTUDOS AVANÇADOS 35 (101), 2021 5 No canal da Inteligência Artificial – Nova temporada de desgrenhados e empertigados FABIO GAGLIARDI COZMAN I Desgrenhados e empertigados CONSTRUÇÃO de inteligências artificiais sempre esteve cercada de contro- vérsias, não apenas sobre seus limites, mas também sobre quais os obje- A tivos a perseguir. Parece haver dois estilos fundamentalmente diferentes de abordagem em Inteligência Artificial (IA): de um lado, um estilo empírico, fortemente respaldado por observações sobre a biologia e psicologia de seres vivos, e pronto para abraçar arquiteturas complicadas que emergem da interação de muitos módulos díspares; de outro lado, um estilo analítico e sustentado por princípios gerais e organizadores, interessado em concepções abstratas da inte- ligência e apoiado em argumentos matemáticos e lógicos. Por volta de 1980 os termos scruffy e neat foram cunhados para se referir respectivamente a esses dois estilos de trabalho. Robert P. Abelson (1981) apresentou aparentemente a pri- meira publicação que discute os dois termos, atribuindo a distinção a um colega não nomeado, mas, segundo Abelson, facilmente identificável – que, segundo a literatura, deve ser Roger Schank (Nilsson, 2009). Os termos scruffy e neat não são exatamente elogiosos; de certa forma, cada um desses termos é especialmente adequado para ser usado por um time contra o outro. Os scruffies são desgrenhados, perdidos em sistemas de confusa complexidade. Os neats são empertigados, teorizando em torres de marfim e desconectados dos detalhes do mundo real. Abelson identifica essas atitudes ge- rais em muitas atividades humanas, em arte, em política, em ciência. Há pessoas que favorecem resultados obtidos por meio de experimentos, não se impor- tando se soluções fogem de rotinas preestabelecidas, enquanto outras pessoas buscam ordem e harmonia em teoria amplas. -
Edward Feigenbaum 1994 ACM Turing Award Recipient
Edward Feigenbaum 1994 ACM Turing Award Recipient Interviewed by: Don Knuth Recorded: April 4, and May 2, 2007 Mountain View, California This transcript, and the video interview on which it is based, is copyright by the Computer History Museum and the ACM is using it by their generous permission. © 2007 Computer History Museum CHM Reference number: X3897.2007 DK: Don Knuth, the interviewer EF: Edward (Ed) Feigenbaum, the 1994 ACM Turing Award Recipient DK: Hello, everyone. My name is Don Knuth. Today [April 4, 2007] I have the great privilege e of interviewing Ed Feigenbaum for oral history where we hope to reach people generations from now and also people of today. I’m going to try to ask a zillion questions about things that I wish I could have asked people who unfortunately are dead now so that students and general scientific people, people with general interest in the world, historians and so on in the future will have some idea as to what Ed was really like even though none of us are going to be around forever. Now this is the second part of a two- phase study. Ed grilled me a couple weeks ago and now it’s my turn to do him. I hope I can do half as well as he did for me. I’d like to get right into it -- But first of all sort of for organization, my plan -- who knows if it’ll carry it out -- is to do a little bit first that’s chronological, in order to set the scenes for his whole life. -
Ten Years of the AAAI Mobile Robot Competition and Exhibition Looking Back and to the Future
AI Magazine Volume 23 Number 1 (2002) (© AAAI) Articles Ten Years of the AAAI Mobile Robot Competition and Exhibition Looking Back and to the Future Tucker Balch and Holly A. Yanco ■ Summer 2001 marked the tenth AAAI Mobile Pete Bonasso recalls that the entertainment Robot Competition and Exhibition. A decade of industry had laid some of the groundwork for contests and exhibitions have inspired innovation the contest by building expectations and and research in AI robotics. Here we look back at excitement about robots in many people’s the origins of the contest and how it evolved. We imaginations. Characters such as Star Trek’s also reflect on how the contest has served as an COMMANDER DATA and BISHOP,the “artificial per- arena for important debates in the AI and robotics communities. The article closes with a speculative son” in James Cameron’s Aliens, made us all look forward to the next decade of AAAI robot think about what might be possible. The con- competitions. crete idea for a competition took root after a panel at AAAI-1991 on household robots. “Neats and scruffies alike were mesmerized by the animal-like responses of the robots demon- strated there,” says Bonasso. “At the end of “This won’t be a slick, polished competi- that panel, a bunch of us got with Tom to talk tion. There will be a certain amount of up the idea of a competition.”1 chaos, but I can guarantee there will be a Then-president of the AAAI, Patrick Hayes, lot of excitement and enthusiasm.” hoped the contest would highlight the “cogni- —Tom Dean, 1992 tive possibilities for mobile robots” and demonstrate “the long-standing symbiotic relationship between AI and robots” (Dean n 1992, Tom Dean and Pete Bonasso con- and Bonasso 1993). -
Cyc: a Midterm Report
AI Magazine Volume 11 Number 3 (1990) (© AAAI) Articles The majority of work After explicating the need for a large common- We have come a in knowledge repre- sense knowledge base spanning human consen- long way in this . an sentation has dealt sus knowledge, we report on many of the lessons time, and this article aversion to with the technicali- learned over the first five years of attempting its presents some of the ties of relating predi- construction. We have come a long way in terms lessons learned and a addressing cate calculus to of methodology, representation language, tech- description of where the problems niques for efficient inferencing, the ontology of other formalisms we are and briefly the knowledge base, and the environment and that arise in and with the details infrastructure in which the knowledge base is discusses our plans of various schemes being built. We describe the evolution of Cyc for the coming five actually for default reason- and its current state and close with a look at our years. We chose to representing ing. There has almost plans and expectations for the coming five years, focus on technical been an aversion to including an argument for how and why the issues in representa- large bodies addressing the prob- project might conclude at the end of this time. tion, inference, and of knowledge lems that arise in ontology rather than actually represent- infrastructure issues with content. ing large bodies of knowledge with content. such as user interfaces, the training of knowl- However, deep, important issues must be edge enterers, or existing collaborations and addressed if we are to ever have a large intelli- applications of Cyc. -
Building Transhuman Immortals-Revised
Histo Possum Tramp Wine Troy Horse Neptune War Roundup History Impossible World Thought Not Bot Wold Roundup Cartoon UBoo-ty Experiments Of The Head History of the West Faerie Tale Fro Gromets Severed From Collections in A Fictional History of the Future Fan Faux NonFic Hypno, Mysto, Crypto Possum Starchitect Kurk Wold 2 I. U-Booty Improvements I went down stairwells into caverns with no markings except codes, wandered, 10, 14 levels below the capitol. The walls went from stone to carved cave rock. Down there they stored artifacts, statues. I was stuck for hours until I found stairways leading up. None of them connected from one floor to the other. I kept walking to an elevator, pushed the up button, found myself in a non-public area. But I had my clearance tag. Asked by security, I told them I was lost. They escorted me to one of the main hallways. I made at least 14 levels below. Passages slope up and down from there where the hearts and livers are stored. I did not ask to investigate the spread of Ubu beyond earth, the beginning of weirdness, as if wierdness had a beginning and we all did not wake up to it individually while others slept to the song of opposite meaning. Rays of light popped off the original incarnation of Gulag and Babel as the same structure pounded itself into the ground. But on the tower, as one climbs higher and higher gravity decreases, and because it is constructed on the equator rotation causes gravitation to 3 disappear because of the distance from the center of the planet, but also from centrifugal force increasing proportionate to that distance. -
De GARIS ESSAYS
de GARIS ESSAYS Prof. Dr. Hugo de Garis DE GARIS ESSAYS CONTENTS The essays in this e-book are divided into the following categories – A) On the ARTILECT (Artificial Intellect) and Related Topics B) On GLOBA (the Global State) and Related Topics C) On CHINA D) On POLITICS E) On FERMITECH (Femto Meter Technology) and TOPOLOGICAL QUANTUM COMPUTING (TQC) F) On RELIGION G) On SOCIETY H) On EDUCATION ------------ A) On the ARTILECT (Artificial Intellect) and Related Topics A0) The Artilect War : Cosmists vs. Terrans : A Bitter Controversy Concerning Whether Humanity Should Build Godlike Massively Intelligent Machines A1) Building Gods or Building our Potential Exterminators? A2) Answering Fermi’s Paradox A3) Friendly AI : A Dangerous Delusion? A4) The Cyborg Scenario – Solution or Problem? A5) There are No Cyborgs A6) There Will Be No Cyborgs, Only Artilects : A Dialogue between Hugo de Garis and Ben Goertzel A7) Next Step : Now the Species Dominance Issue has Become Main Stream in the Media, the Next Step Should be Political A8) Seeking the Sputnik of AI : Hugo de Garis Interviews Ben Goertzel on AGI, Opencog, and the Future of Intelligence A9) What is AI Succeeds? The Rise of the Twenty-First Century Artilect A10) Merge or Purge? A11) Species Dominance Debate : From Main Stream Media to Opinion Polls A12) Species Dominance Poll Results A13) H+ers (Humanity Plus-ers) and the Artilect : Opinion Poll Results A14) Should Massively Intelligent Machines Replace Humanity as the Dominant Species in the Next Few Decades? A15) I am so Sick of American