Vytautas Magnus University

VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES VADIM ADAMOVICH “Problems and prospects of forest management in the North Kazakhstan region” Master thesis Environmental Management study program, Study Code 6211CX016 Supervisors: Assoc. Prof. Pavel Dmitriyev ________ Doc. Dr. Irena Januškaitienė ________ Defence: Prof. Saulius Mickevičius ________ Kaunas, 2020 CONTENT SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 3 SANTRAUKA ................................................................................................................................ 4 LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ 6 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 1: WORLD FOREST MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE ............................................ 10 1.1 European forest management .................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Forest management in North America ..................................................................................... 18 1.3 Forest management in Kazakhstan .......................................................................................... 22 1.4 Features of forestry ................................................................................................................. 23 CHAPTER 2: NATURAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH KAZAKHSTAN REGION ....................................................................................................................................... 27 2.1 Natural and forest zoning ........................................................................................................ 27 2.2 Climatic conditions ................................................................................................................. 27 2.3 Vegetation, topography and soil .............................................................................................. 30 2.4 Hydrology and hydrographic conditions .................................................................................. 31 2.5 Organization of the Forest Fund .............................................................................................. 32 2.6 Categories of forest protection ................................................................................................. 32 2.7 Research methods ................................................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH RESULTS AND FOREST MANAGEMENT FORECAST ............... 37 3.1 Statistical analysis of forestry in the North Kazakhstan region ................................................. 37 3.1.1 Forest land of the State Forest Fund...................................................................................... 37 3.1.2 Main and another fellings ..................................................................................................... 41 3.1.3 Sanitary forest condition ....................................................................................................... 47 3.1.4 Dynamics of forest fires in the North Kazakhstan region ...................................................... 50 3.1.5 Fire material and technical base ............................................................................................ 52 3.2 Favorable and unfavorable forecasts ........................................................................................ 52 3.2.1 Favorable forecast ................................................................................................................ 52 3.2.2 Unfavorable forecast ............................................................................................................ 55 3.3 Recommendations for sustainable forest management ............................................................. 57 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................................... 58 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 60 ANNEX ........................................................................................................................................ 63 2 SUMMARY Author of diploma paper: Vadim Adamovich Full title of diploma paper: Problems and prospects of forest management in the North Kazakhstan region Diploma paper advisor: Irena Januškaitienė Presented at: Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Natural Science, Kaunas, 2020 Number of pages: 75 Number of tables: 18 Number of figures: 9 The paper explored the features of forestry in the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A number of the most important and problematic components of forest management in the region are analyzed. Forecasts have been developed for the prospect of using the forest, taking into account favorable and unfavorable factors. A set of recommendations has been compiled for improving forest management. 3 SANTRAUKA Darbe nagrinėjami miškininkystės bruožai Kazachstano Respublikos Šiaurės Kazachstano regione. Išanalizuota keletas svarbiausių ir problemiškiausių regiono miškų valdymo komponentų. Buvo parengtos miško naudojimo perspektyvos, atsižvelgiant į palankius ir nepalankius veiksnius. Buvo sudarytas rekomendacijų rinkinys, siekiant pagerinti miškų valdymą. 4 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Climate indicators Table 2 General forecasts Table 3 Forest lands of the State Forest Fund in 2014 Table 4 Forest lands of the State Forest Fund in 2015 Table 5 Forest lands of the State Forest Fund in 2016 Table 6 Forest lands of the State Forest Fund in 2017 Table 7 Forest lands of the State Forest Fund in 2018 Table 8 Main and another fellings in 2014 Table 9 Main and another fellings in 2015 Table 10 Main and another fellings in 2016 Table 11 Main and another fellings in 2017 Table 12 Main and another fellings in 2018 Table 13 Dynamics of forest fires Table 14 Availability and need of an anti-fire material and technical base in communal state forest institutions of the North Kazakhstan region in 2014 Table 15 Availability and need of an anti-fire material and technical base in communal state forest institutions of the North Kazakhstan region in 2018 Table 16 Dynamics of forest crops Table 17 Growth of forested areas Table 18 Favorable forecast model Table 19 Unfavorable forecast model 5 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 The North Kazakhstan region Figure 2 Forested areas Figure 3 Forest crops Figure 4 Non-forested areas Figure 5 Total forest land Figure 6 Types of fellings Figure 7 Sanitary forest condition Figure 8 Sanitary forest condition (2) Figure 9 Condition of forest crops 6 INTRODUCTION Relevance. Today, the global environmental issue is the conservation of forests. On the territory of Kazakhstan, the problem of reducing the forest area is relevant, since the forest cover of the territory is 4.7%, taking into account saxaul forests and shrubs. Forest is a natural resource that is in demand on the market, used as building material, fuel, recreation areas, etc. In the North Kazakhstan region, the forest area is about 5.5%, which is generally higher than the average for Kazakhstan. The main problems of forest management in the North Kazakhstan region are: forest flooding, fires, deforestation, wood damage by pests, which helps to reduce the area of forests. In accordance with this, it is necessary to consider the rationality of forest management, in particular the harmonization of this process - the use of forests and reforestation [1]. Purpose of the study. To study the problems and prospects of forest management of the North Kazakhstan region. The goal is solved through the following tasks: - To identify the features of the regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of forest management. - To consider the structure and types of forest management of the North Kazakhstan region. - To study the problems and prospects of forest management in the North Kazakhstan region, to form a set of recommendations. - To analyze the studied indicators of forest use in the North Kazakhstan region, to identify their dynamics, to make a forecast. The object of study: forest management in the North Kazakhstan region. The subject of study: the process of rational forest management in the North Kazakhstan region. Scientific novelty: For the first time in the North Kazakhstan region, a comprehensive analysis of forest management is given, the regulatory framework in the field of forest management, problems and prospects of forest management in this region are studied. A set of recommendations has been prepared, a statistical analysis of quantitative data on forest management has been carried out, the dynamics studied and a forecast was prepared. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was work with scientific literature, statistics. Analysis and synthesis of the resulting material. Methods of visual observation, the study of morphological features. The practical significance of the work is characterized by the fact that: 7 Materials of the dissertation research

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