MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 MPPSC 2020 MAINS TEST SERIES TEST 1 MODEL HINTS GS PAPER 1 History & Culture - Unit 1, Unit 2, Unit 3 ------3 MARKERS
1. This question consists of 9 very short answer-type questions. Each question is to be answered in 1 line (10 Words). There is no internal choice. Each question carries 3 marks. (9 x 3 = 27 marks) (a) Adamgarh
Model Hints • Adamgarh in Madhya Pradesh provides the earliest evidence for the domestication of animals like cows, horses and other poultry and farm animals. • Its one of the Mesolithic age sites rich in art and paintings.
(b) Surat Split
Model Hints
• In 1907 AD, the Surat session of the Congress took place in which differences arose between the Congress extremists and moderates regarding the post of President and the Swadeshi movement.
Supplementary Notes
• While the extremists wanted Lala Lajpat Rai to be the president, Ras Bihari Ghosh became the president due to the dominance of the moderates.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 • Apart from this, the extremists suspected that the proposals related to Swadeshi boycott, national education and self-government presented by them could be canceled, resulting in controversy. In the atmosphere of turbulence and disturbance, the Congress split into Garamdal (extremists) and Naramdal (moderates).
(c) Balban
Model Hints • Balban was an IIbari-Turk. • He was the slave of Iltutmish. • He propounded a new theory of kinship • He took the title Jil-i-IIahi (a shadow of God on Earth).
Supplementary notes on Balban • In his court, he introduced some formalities like sijda (prostration) and Paibos (kissing of feet). • The Iranian festival of Nauroz or New Year was celebrated in the court. • The well known Hindi and Persian poet Amir Khusrau (AD 1235-1325) who was called the Parrot of India adorned the court of Balban.
(d) Rigveda
Model Hints
• The Rig-Veda is the oldest among all Vedas. • The Rigveda is a collection of 1,028 hymns divided into 10 mandalas. (The total mantras in Rig-Veda are 10,600.) • The Hymns of Rig Veda were recited by Hotri priests. • The universally famous Gayatri mantra (Savitri) is in the 3rd mandala of Rig-Veda.
(e) Tatya Tope
Model Hints • Tantia Tope, original name Ramchandra Panduranga, (born 1814 Pune, India—died April 18, 1859, Shivpuri), was a leader of the Indian Mutiny of 1857–58.
• In May 1857, Tantia Tope won the battle over the Indian troops of the East India Company at Kanpur
• He was known for his guerilla tactics.
• He collaborated with Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi to seize Gwalior.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 (f) Subsidiary Alliance
Model Hints
• The doctrine of subsidiary alliance was introduced by Lord Wellesley, British Governor-General of India in 1798. • An Indian ruler entering into Subsidiary Alliance with the British had to dissolve his own armed forces and accept British forces in his territory.
Supplementary Notes Features of the Subsidiary Alliance Treaty
• An Indian ruler entering into Subsidiary Alliance with the British had to dissolve his own armed forces and accept British forces in his territory.
• He also had to pay for the British army’s maintenance. If he failed to make the payment, a portion of his territory would be taken away and ceded to the British.
• In return, the British would protect the Indian state against any foreign attack or internal revolt.
• The British promised non-interference in internal affairs of the Indian state but this was rarely kept
• The Indian state could not enter into any alliance with any other foreign power.
Year Ruler
1798 Nizam of Hyderabad
1799 Mysore, Tanjore
1801 The Nawab of Oudh
1802 The Peshwa
1803 The Bhonsle 1804 The Scindia
(g) Principle of Jainism
Model Hints Five Vows or Principles of Jainism • The householder had to observe the following five vows: 1. Ahimsa (Non-violence) 2. Satya (Truthfulness) 3. Asteya (Non-stealing) 4. Aparigraha (Non-possession of property)
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 5. Brahmacharya (Celibacy) The first four principles were given by Parshvanath, while the 5th one was added by Lord Mahavira (h) Guru Nanak
Model Hints • Guru Nanak, born as Nanak (1469 – 1539), also referred to as Baba Nanak was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. • His birth is celebrated worldwide as Guru Nanak Gurpurab • Guru Nanak Dev was born in a village, Talwandi near Lahore (it was renamed later as Nankana Sahib). • Guru Nanak Dev has written compositions which were included in the Adi Granth compiled by Guru Arjan (1563-1606), the fifth Sikh guru. • This came to be known as Guru Granth Sahib after the additions made by the 10th guru Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708). Relevance of Guru Nanak Dev for modern India • His idea of equality can be deduced by the following innovative social institutions, o Langar: Collective cooking and sharing of food. o Pangat: Partaking food without distinctions of high and low caste. o Sangat: Collective decision making. • According to him, the whole world is God’s creation (Jeeye kaa ik daata) and all are born equal. There is only one universal creator i.e. “Ik Omkaar Satnaam.” • Guru Nanak Dev placed the motto of "kirat karo, naam japo and vand chhako" (work, worship and share) before his disciples. (i) Jaziya
• Jizya was a tax levied by the Muslim rulers on Hindu residents of the territory in return for their protection. • In India, Qutb-ud-din Aibak imposed jizya for the first time. • Jizya was abolished by the Mughal ruler Akbar in the 16th century but was re-introduced by Aurangzeb in the 17th century ------6 MARKERS
2. Write the answers of the following questions in 5-6 lines (50 words) each : (6 x 5 marks = 30 marks) (a) Types of Marriage during Later Vedic Period
Model Hints
During the Later Vedic Period , eight types of marriages were listed for the first time. Type of Marriage Description
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 It was a marriage of a duly dowered girl to the man of the same ✓ Brahma varna with Vedic rites in the presence of Agni.
In this marriage, the girl is given by her father to the sacrificial ✓ Daiva priest in lieu of his fees.
In this marriage, the father gives the girl without dowry and ✓ Prajapati without demanding bride-price.
In this type of marriage, the father of the girl takes a token ✓ Arsa bride-price of a cow and a bull.
✓ Asura It is marriage by purchase.
It was marriage by mutual consent and elopement. A special ✓ Gandharva form of it was the Swayamvara or self - choice.
It is marriage by capture, practiced especially by the warrior ✓ Rakshasa class.
It is marriage by abducting the girl when she is asleep, drunk, ✓ Paisacha etc.
(b) Town planning under Indus Valley Civilisation.
Model Hints • Town planning in IVC was not uniform. It followed the grid system, i.e., streets cutting across one another at right angles, dividing the town into large rectangle blocks. • Lamp posts at intervals indicate the existence of street lighting. • Houses, often of two or more storeys, generally had side entrances and no windows facing the main street. • There was large-scale use of burnt bricks and the complete absence of stone buildings. Round pillars were absent. • Good drainage system: Drains were made of mortar, lime, and gypsum and covered with large brick slabs for easy cleaning. • The towns were divided into two parts: 1. Upper part or Citadel and 2. Lower Part. • In Citadel public buildings, granaries, important workshops, and religious buildings were there. In the Lower part, people used to live. Six granaries in a row were found in the citadel at Harappa. • In Mohenjo-Daro, a Big Public Bath (Great Bath) measuring 12 m by 7 m and 2.4 m deep, has been found. It was probably used for ritual bathing. Steps led from either end to the surface with changing rooms alongside.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 (c) Throw light on the contribution of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
Model Hints • Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (1820-1891) was as one of the pillars of Bengal renaissance who managed to continue the social reforms movement that was started by Raja Rammohan Roy in the early 1800s. Vidyasagar was a well- known writer, intellectual and above all a supporter of humanity. • He brought about a revolution in the Bengali education system and refined the way Bengali language was written and taught. • The title 'Vidyasagar' (ocean of knowledge) was given to him due to his vast knowledge in several subjects. • He introduced the study of modern western thought in the Sanskrit College and admitted students belonging to the so- called lower castes to study Sanskrit. • His greatest contribution was to the cause of widow upliftment and girl education. He played a great role in the passing of the law which made the marriage of widows legal. He personally took part in the first widow remarriage that was performed in Calcutta in 1856 Major Contribution of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 1. He introduced the study of modern Western thought in the Sanskrit college. 2. He played an important role in the upliftment of widow’s and girl’s education. 3. He was one of the contributors to the law passing which made the widow marriage legal. 4. He started the first school for girl’s education in Calcutta in 1849. 5. He was a powerful supporter of widow re-marriage. 6. He was closely associated with many journal and newspapers and wrote powerful, articles advocating social reforms. 7. He was great contributor of Bengali language, and considered as originator of Modern Bengali Language.
(d) Write a short note on public welfare activities of Feroz Shah Tughlaq.
Model Hints
Firoz Tughlaq carried out various works of public utility for the welfare of his people. Some of his welfare policies were: • He established a special charity department called Deiwan-e-Khairat to help the poor and the needy. • It also looked into the welfare of widows, orphans and needy children. • He set up an Employment Bureau to provide job opportunities to unemployed people.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 • He built rest houses for travellers and free hospitals which provided free medical services to the poor and needy. One such hospital called Dar-ul- Shafa was established in Delhi where free medicines and food were supplied to the patients. • For travelers about 200 ‘Sarais’ were established on important routes and trees were planted on both sides of the roads.
(e) Explain the Drain of Wealth Theory propounded by Dadabhai Naoroji.
Model Hints • It was one way flow of wealth from India to England for which India received no returns as described by Dadabhai Naoroji in his work "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India", 1880.
Constituents of Drain of Wealth 1. Territorial expansion using revenues generated from Indian territories. 2. Movement of private wealth by the means of bills of exchange. 3. Payments to foreign banks and insurance companies. 4. Home charges such as: • Salaries and pensions paid to the Company's employees in England. • Interest amount on loans raised by the Company in England. • Dividends paid to the Company's stockholders. (f) Write and note on Ashta Pradhan.
Model Hints • Under Maratha Administration: The king was at the center of the affairs and the administration was divided into eight departments headed by ministers who are sometimes called Ashtapradhan, each minister was directly responsible to Shivaji. • The eight ministers were:
THE ASHTAPRADHAN Pradhans Post/Responsibilities Peshwa or the Chief ✓ Prime Minister, he looked after general administration and Minister/Mukhya later assumed great importance Pradhan
✓ Pratinidhi Rajaram created the new posts of Pratinidhi, thus, taking the total number of the minister to nine.
✓ Amatya or Majumdar Accountant general, he later became Revenue and Finance Minister. ✓ Sachiv or Surunavis Also called Chitnis, he looked after the royal (Surnis) correspondence. ✓ Sumant or Dabir Foreign affairs and the master of royal ceremonies. ✓ Senapati or Sar-i- Military Commander, he looked after the recruitment, Naubat training and discipline of the army
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1
✓ Mantra or The personal safety of the king, he looked after the intelligence, Waqianavis posts and household affairs ✓ Nyayadhish Administration of Justice
✓ Pundit Rao Looking after the charitable and religious affairs of the state. He worked for the moral upliftment of the people.
------15 MARKERS
3. Answer any three of the following questions in about 300 words each.
(a) Discuss in detail the causes the Revolt of 1857, also known as the first war of independence.
Model Hints
Introduction • The Revolt of 1857 was a period of armed uprisings against the colonial authority of the East India Company in India between early 1857 and mid-1858. • The period and events are sometimes referred to as the First War of Indian. Independence (by V.D. Savarkar) in India and as the Indian Mutiny in Britain • Dr. S.N. Sen in his book "1857" describes the revolt as having begun as a war of religion but ended as a war of independence. • Dr. R.C. Majumdar considers it as neither the first nor a war of independence as large parts of India remain unaffected and various sections of people took no part in the uprising. • It has seeds of nationalism and anti-imperialism but the concept of common nationality and nationhood was not inherent in the revolt. Thus, it is not really easy to categorize the revolt of 1857. • However, one may definitely say that the revolt of 1857 was the first great struggle of Indians against British rule, which paved the way for the modern national movement.
Important Reasons for Revolt • Religious and caste grievances of Sepoys were the immediate cause. • In 1824, when a regiment at Barrackpur ordered to go to Burma, Sepoys refused as the crossing of sea meant loss of caste for them. www.mppscadda.com • The General Service Enlistment Act (1856) made new recruits to undertake to serve overseas if required. This hurt Hindu Sepoys as travel across the sea was forbidden for them. • Introduction of Enfield rifles having greased cartridges was the last straw in the sinking boat. • Indian Rulers: The Doctrine of Lapse and subsequent annexations clearly put native rulers on warning. Dalhousie announced that successor to Bahadur Shah would have to move out of the Red Fort
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 • Later Canning in 1856 announced that after Bahadur Shah's death the Mughals would lose the title of Kings and would know as mere Princes.Adopted son of Peshwa Bajirao-II, Nana Saheb was refused the pension. • The religious factor was also important. Many thought that the alien government was interfering in their religion and ought to convert India to Christianity. The conservatives were also hurt by the Abolition of Sati, Widow Re-marriage Act, Education to girls. The missionary activity and legislation like Lexi Loci Act of 1850 which enabled a convert to Christianity to inherit property were greatly disliked. • 29 March 1857 - the first spark of revolt at Barrackpore in Bengal when Mangal Pandey refused to use new Enfield rifles and killed the British adjutant. • 10 May 1857 - Ninety sepoys of the 3rd Native Regiment at Meerut revolted on the issue of the greased cartridges. After their trial and execution, the entire garrison on Meerut revolted and raised the cry of 'Delhi Chalo'. • On 11 May, sepoys of Meerut reached Delhi and declared the reluctant Bahadur Shah-II as their leader. • The entire Bengal army rose in revolt. Only the Madras Army remained totally loyal. • The revolt soon spread to all over North Central and Western India but South India remained unaffected, and Punjab and Bengal were marginally affected. • Often rising of soldiers was followed by the uprising of the civilian population. In many places, common people took the lead, thus giving mutiny a character of general revolt
OR Discuss those factors which assisted in the rise of Indian Nationalism. The rise and growth of Indian nationalism can be understood in the terms of the Indian response to the stimulus generated by the British Raj through the motives behind their colonial interest, the role of Western Thought, Education, role of Press and Literature as well as a worldwide upsurge. Several factors contributed to the emergence of Indian nationalism which can be enumerated as follows:
1. Political and Administrative Unity: • One of the significant results of the British conquest of India was the establishment of a centralized state. It brought about a political and administrative unification of the country. • The British authority established a centralized state structure in India with a uniform reign of law. • They enacted and codified laws which were applicable to every citizen of the state. • The public services brought about the administrative unification of the country. • The establishment of uniform currency system, common administration, common laws and judicial structure contributed to India’s unification which ultimately helped the rise of national consciousness.
2. English Language and Western Education: • Introduction of western education was an important factor which paved the way for the growth of nationalism. • Three main agencies were responsible for the spread of modem education in India. They were the foreign Christian missionaries, the British Government and the progressive Indians.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 • Some progressive Indians like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar etc. were the pioneers of western education in India. • English language became the medium of communication among the educated Indians by which they could develop close contacts with one another.
3. Development of Transport and Means of Communication: • Modern means of transport helps in the consolidation of people into modern nations. In India too, the establishment of railways, construction of roads, canals and organisation of postal, telegraph and wireless services all over India contributed in forging the people into a nation • It promoted the organisation and functioning of a number of political organisations like Indian National Congress, All India Kishan Sabha, Youth League, All India Trade Union Congress etc.
4. Emergence of Modern Press: • As a powerful social institution, the press facilitates the exchange of thought on a mass scale within a short time. • The introduction of the printing press in India was an event of revolutionary significance. • Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the founder of nationalist press in India. His ‘Sambad Kaumudi’ in Bengali published in 1821 and ‘Mirat-UL-Akbar’ in Persian published in 1822, were the first publications with a distinct nationalist and democratic progressive orientation.
5. Economic Exploitation: • The most significant impact of the British rule in India was the economic exploitation of all classes. Britishers came to India as traders and their primary motive was how to gain financial benefit. The industrial revolution in Britain necessitated the import of raw materials from different foreign countries and to search extensive market for its goods out side. India provided both to them. • The British government maintained its civil service and military force at the cost of India. Attempt was made to destroy the indigenous Indian industries to expand the public demand for British industrial goods.
6. Revival of Glorious Indian Heritage: • When Indians were developing a sense of inferiority complex being exploited under the colonial rule, the glorious heritage of India was revived by some western scholars like Max Muller, William Jones, Charles Wilkins etc. They translated some Sanskrit texts into English and attempted to prove the supremacy of ancient Indian culture, its heritage and philosophy.
7. Impact of International Events: • Several movements and events in foreign countries like the Declaration of Independence by U.S.A. in 1776, the French Revolution of 1789, the unification of Italy and Germany in 1870, defeat of Russia by Japan in 1904 etc. helped in awakening national consciousness.
8. Social and Religious Reform Movements: • The various social and religious reform movements which took place in India during the British rule were nothing but expression of the rising national consciousness of the people.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 • A number of organisations like Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, Rama Krishna Mission, Theosophical society etc. helped in bringing movements of reformation and renaissance in India.
9. Repressive policies and Racial Arrogance of the British: • The racial arrogance and the rude behaviour of the Britishers towards the Indians had played a significant role in making them conscious of their condition.
10. Emergence of Conscious Middle Class: • The foundations of the Indian national movement were also laid by the emerging group of the modern intelligentsia.. All these factors jointly, had promoted the growth of nationalism in India. Indian.
(b) Why the Gupta Age is called as Golden Age.
Model Hints • The Gupta period witnessed tremendous progress in the field of art, science, and literature and on account of this it has been called "a Golden Age".
Architecture • It is for the first time in the Gupta period that the temples in the form of structures were constructed in north India. • These temples were made in the architectural style known as Nagara. • The rock-cut caves continue the old forms to a large extent, but possess striking novelty by bringing about extensive changes in the ornamentation of the facade and in the designs of the pillars in the interior. • The most notable groups of rock-cut caves are found at Ajanta and Ellora (Maharashtra) and Bagh (MP). The Udayagiri caves (Orissa) are also of this type.
Sculpture • A good specimen of stone sculpture is of Buddha from Sarnath. • Of the Brahmanical images, perhaps the most impressive is the Great Boar (Varaha), at the entrance of a cave at Udayagiri.
Painting • The art of painting seems to have been more in general practice and popular demand in the Gupta period than the art of stone sculpture. • Remains of paintings of this period are found at Ajanta, Bagh, Badami and other places. • The finest examples of Buddhist art during the Gupta period are the paintings of Ajanta caves. Depicting the life of Buddha and the Jataka stories, these paintings with lustrous colors have not faded even after fourteen centuries. (The Ajanta caves are now included in the list of the World Heritage Sites by the UNESCO.)
Literature
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 • The Sanskrit language became prominent during the Gupta period. Nagari script evolved from the Brahmi script. • Numerous works in classical Sanskrit came to be written in the forms of epic, lyrics, drama and prose. The best of the Sanskrit literature belonged to the Gupta age. • A huge body of religious and secular literature was compiled in this period. The two great epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata were finally completed in the fourth century. • The greatest of all the poets was Kalidasa lived in the court of Chandragupta II. • Some of his works are Meghadutam, Abhijnanashakuntalam, Raghuvamsha, Kumarasambhava, and Ritusamhara. • The other famous dramatists to have flourished in this period are Shudraka, writer of Mrichchhkatikam and Vishakhadatta who authored Mudrarakshasa.
Science and Technology. • Aryabhatta, a great mathematician and astronomer, wrote the book Aryabhatiyam in 499 A.D. It deals with mathematics and astronomy • Aryabhatta was the first to declare that the earth was spherical in shape and that it rotates on its own axis. • Aryabhatta was the first to invent “zero” and the use of the decimal system. • Varahamihira composed PanchaSiddhantika, the five astronomical systems. He was also a great authority on Astrology.. • In the field of medicine, Vagbhata lived during this period. He was the last of the great medical trio of ancient India. (The other two scholars Charaka and Susruta lived before the Gupta age. Charaka is known for authoring the medical treatise, the Charaka Samhita.) • Vagbhata was the author Ashtangasamgraha (Summary of the eight branches of medicine). • Metallurgy saw technological advancement in Gupta times. • The Gupta craftsmen distinguished themselves by their work in iron and bronze.
OR Mention the important achievement of Chandragupta Vikramaditya
Model Hints • Samudragupta was succeeded by his son Chandragupta II popularly known as Vikramaditya. He ruled from 380 AD to 413 AD. • The Bihar and Bhitari stone pillar inscriptions of Skandagupta describe Chandragupta-II as ‘Tatparigrihita’ which implies that he was selected by his father from among his other brothers. • The reign of Chandragupta II saw the high watermark of the Gupta empire.
Chandragupta Vikramaditya was a brilliant conqueror
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• Chandragupta II inherited the military genius of his father and extended the Gupta Empire by a judicious combination of the policy of diplomacy and warfare. • He used matrimonial alliances to expand his kingdom. He established matrimonial alliances with the Nagas and the Vakatakas. He gave his daughter Prabhapavati Gupta in marriage to Vakataka ruler of Maharashtra Rudrasena II. • When the Vakatakas prince died, then he was succeeded by his young son. So Prabhavati became the virtual ruler. As shown by some of her land charters, she managed the affairs of her kingdom with the help of an official sent by her father Chandragupta II. Thus Chandragupta exercised indirect control over the Vakataka kingdom in central India. This afforded a great advantage to him. • He also annexed three Satrapa kingdoms and assumed the title Sakari (destroyer of the Sakas). He defeated the Saka king Rudrasimha III thus acquiring Saurashtra and Kathiawar. • He annexed territories including Saurashtra which gave him the western coastline. • Through the western ports, the kingdom’s prosperity grew through trade links with Roman Empires. • After East and West India, Chandragupta II defeated northern rulers also like the Hunas, Kambojas, Kiratas, etc.
Chandragupta Vikramaditya as able administrator • Like his father, he was a Vaishnavite but was tolerant of other religions. • His other names (as mentioned in coins) include Vikrama, Devagupta, Devaraja, Simhavikrama, Vikramaditya Sakari, etc. He issued Silver coins. • During his time, two regions; Patliputra and Ujjain were the two main centres of education. Chandragupta Vikramaditya promoted Art and Culture • His court had nine jewels or Navaratnas, nine people eminent in various fields of art, literature and science. This included the great Sanskrit poet Kalidasa, Harisena, Amarasimha (lexicographer) and Dhanvantari (physician). • Fa-Hien, a Buddhist from China visited India during his reign. He records the prosperity of the Gupta Empire.
(c) Write a short essay on reforms of Alauddin Khilji.
Model Hints • Alauddin Khilji was a strong and efficient ruler. He introduced following reforms: 1. Administrative reforms • Restrictions on matrimonial relations among nobles and officers. • Prohibited interference of Ulemas in administration. • Alauddin was opposed to the interference of the Ulemas in matters of state and in this respect he departed from the tradition of the previous Sultans of Delhi. The law was to depend upon the will of the monarch and had nothing to do with the law of the Prophet. • The entire country was divided into 11 provinces. Each province was under a governor who enjoyed his position at the pleasure of the Sultan.
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 • The system of espionage organised by Ala-ud-Din was very systematic and effective. According to Zia-ud-Din Barani, “No one could stir without his (Ala-ud-Din’s) knowledge and whatever happened in the houses of the Maliks and Amirs, officers and great men was communicated to the Sultan. 2. Military reforms • Alauddin Khilji maintained a strong and huge standing army to safeguard his empire. • He introduced the system of branding of horses (dagh) and maintenance of descriptive register of soldiers to prevent false musters and corrupt practices. • Alauddin abolished the Jagir system and paid the salaries in cash. • He fixed the pay of soldiers at 234 tankas a year, with an additional 78 tankas for a soldier maintaining two horses. • Ariz-i-Mumalik was in charge of the appointment of soldiers. 3. Revenue reforms • Scientific method of land measurement. • Creation of a special officer called “Mustakhraj” to collect land revenue from peasants. • Imposition of Jaziya on non-muslims. 4. Economic reforms • Alauddin Khilji introduced the market regulations to help soldiers and to make ends meet. Prices of all articles of common use were fixed. • Separate department and special officers were appointed to regulate the market. The price fixed in the capital was applicable to all towns. OR Give an account of the Carnatic Wars. What were there results?
Model Hints • The Carnatic Wars refers to a series of military conflicts between the British East India Company and French East India Company along with the role played by the Nawab of Carnatic and the Nizam of Hyderabad. Three wars were fought between 1745 and 1763. The immediate result of these wars was that struggle for power in India between the French and the British was over the French influence was doomed forever and British were able to consolidate their foothold in India. First Carnatic War • Fought between: English and French forces. • People involved: Joseph François Dupleix (French Governor-General), Major Stringer Lawrence (British), Anwaruddin Khan (Nawab of the Carnatic). • When: 1746 – 1748 • Where: Carnatic region, Southern India • Result: Inconclusive. • Effects : Madras was given back to the English in exchange for Louisburg in North America to France. Dupleix understood the superiority of the European armies who used this advantage to influence Indian princes and establish French hegemony in South India. Second Carnatic War
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MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1 • Fought between: Different claimants to the posts of the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the Nawab of the Carnatic; each claimant being supported either by the British or the French. • People involved: Muhammad Ali and Chanda Sahib (for the Nawabship of the Carnatic or Arcot); Muzaffar Jung and Nasir Jung (for the post of the Nizam of Hyderabad). • When: 1749 – 1754 • Where: Carnatic (Southern India) • Result: Muzaffar Jung became Hyderabad’s Nizam. Muhammad Ali became the Nawab of the Carnatic. Third Carnatic War or Battle of Wandiwash • Fought between: The French and the British • People involved: Count de Lally (French General), British Lieutenant-General Sir Eyre Coote • When: 1758 – 1763 • Where: Carnatic, South India • Result: British victory
NOTES
MPPSC 2019 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com
MPPSC 2020 – MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 1
MPPSC 2019 - MAINS TEST SERIES 2019 (Enroll@8999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com