The Boater’s Handbook Basic Boat Handling and Safety for Powered Boats and Unpowered Craft

If you have received this book from a hire boat operator, please return it after your holiday so it can be used again.

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 1 21/07/2021 13:44 Safety Checklist Preface Contents Introduction Avoid slips and trips! Watch out for fire and fumes! This booklet is the result of a Who’s in charge? 5 detailed study of safe boating. Before setting off – top tips 6 ´ Watch out for mooring ropes, ´ The bottled gas used for cookers, Boat Handling bollards, holes and other hazards. fridges and heaters is heavier than The research was carried out by 1 air and, if there’s a leak, it will lie Setting off 8 ´ Use grab rails. the Canal & River Trust and the Under way 9 in the bottom of the boat where Environment Agency, with help Steering 10 ´ Wear non-slip shoes. it only takes a spark to ignite. from British Marine and the Trust’s Going aground, Slowing down ´ Don’t try to jump from ´ Watch out for fumes from Navigation Advisory Group which and stopping 11 the boat onto the bank. cookers, cabin heaters and water is made up of experienced boaters. Mooring 12 Tying up 14 heaters or from engine exhaust As well as introducing the basics of ´ Wear a life jacket. boat handling, it aims to help people Locks 16 building up in the boat. Carbon Bridges 30 monoxide poisoning is extremely spot risks and avoid accidents. Don’t get crushed! Winter cruising 32 dangerous – early signs include Feel free to copy it. All we ask is Wide beam boats, Powered headaches, tiredness, sickness & Unpowered Craft 33 ´ A moving boat has the force that you don’t alter our messages, to crush you – keep your and dizziness, and other flu-like pictograms or illustrations. Tunnels 34 symptoms. Anyone affected Unpowered craft in tunnels 35 body out of the way. We’ve tried to make the information should get medical help right away. 2 Boating Safety ´ Don’t fend off with your arms, in the handbook applicable to Accidents, Falls 36 legs or a boat pole – let the ´ Switch off appliances when inland waterways generally, but Fire, explosion and fumes 38 fender take the impact. you’re not using them. local conditions vary, especially on Collisions 42 Crushing 43 ´ Keep ventilators open and tidal waterways. So always seek ´ Don’t have your legs dangling over Capsize, Man overboard 44 free of obstructions. local information if you’re planning the side, your hands over the edge to visit an area that’s new to you. Operating injuries 46 or your head out of the hatch. ´ If you smell exhaust, gas, or petrol Lock safety 47 fumes, raise the alert right away. We want the information in the Fast-flowing water 48 ´ Keep off the roof when underway handbook to reach everyone Strong stream conditions 49 (low bridges could knock you Vandalism and aggression, Don’t rock the boat! who goes boating on the inland off the boat or worse). waterways in a powered boat Waterborne diseases 52 Training and guidance 53 ´ Think carefully before or unpowered craft. A pdf version is downloadable from Carbon Monoxide 54 climbing onto the cabin roof Unpowered craft 55 www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/ as the boat could become Stand up paddle boards (SUPBs) 56 top heavy and unstable. safeboating 3 Rules of the Waterway ´ Don’t all stand together Channel markers, Weirs, Overtaking, on the same side if it risks Giving way, Speed limits, 57 tipping the boat over. Passing dredgers or works, Sound signals, Navigation lights 58 4 Good Boating Behaviour Water safety zones 59 Caring for the environment 60 What makes a good boater? 62 5 Further Information Contacts 64 Useful information, Signs 68 First published Spring 2002. This revision Spring 2021. Cover photograph courtesy of the Environment Agency. Signs 69

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 2-3 21/07/2021 13:44 Introduction Welcome to Introduction The Boater’s Handbook

This handbook gives you all the boating basics – the essential knowledge and techniques you need to make sure you enjoy yourselves and stay safe. Reading it before setting off will help you to spot the risks and take simple action to avoid problems. If you do run into difficulties, this understanding should help you get out of trouble quickly and safely.

1 Boat Handling The Boater’s Handbook is designed Who’s in charge? for newcomers to boating, but we Part one takes you through the hope it will also be a handy reminder One of the great things about boating navigation and so on. As well as basic skills for handling your boat. for more experienced boaters. is that everyone can muck in together. knowing the procedures, your crew 2 Boating Safety But at least one person needs to should be aware of the safety risks in Read this handbook before you set know the boat handling basics, to each situation and how to avoid them. Part two gives important safety rules off, and keep it nearby for reference. understand the safety guidelines and Someone should be competent to to help you keep out of trouble. It’s Of course, you won’t become an to know what to do in an emergency. take over if the skipper becomes ill. vital stuff. So please – for your own expert overnight just by reading a safety – read through carefully. book – and it’s impossible to cover So, once you’ve chosen a ‘skipper’, Think very carefully before every aspect of boating, every type it’ll be their job to make sure your going afloat alone as the risks 3 Rules of the Waterway of boat and every eventuality. You’ll crew and passengers have all the are very much greater for you Part three gives you the basic find pointers to sources of local information they need to stay and other waterway users. rules of the waterway. waterway information in part five. safe. It’s a good idea to be clear Passengers who aren’t going to on each crew member’s duties. 4 Good Boating Behaviour Short courses in boat and unpowered be helping with any of the work craft handling are an excellent Good boating takes teamwork. So still need to read and understand Part four is all about respecting investment. There are details on page 53. you need competent crew who know the basic safety rules – so please the environment, the wildlife how to handle the boat and how to show them the safety checklist and other waterways users. If you’re hiring your boat, the stop the engine, and who can help at the front of this handbook. operator will give you instructions. 5 Further Information with mooring, moving through locks, Pay close attention – and don’t Part five provides contact details for cast off until you feel confident! the navigation authorities and lists Learn from the advice of local other sources of useful information. navigation staff, volunteers and other boaters you may meet along the way.

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 4-5 21/07/2021 13:44 Before setting off Boat jargon Follow these simple tips for trouble-free boating.

´ Check that your boat, engine ´ Plan your cruise and allow enough Right: Starboard and fuel system are in good time to complete it without condition and meet Boat Safety rushing. Add the number of locks

Introduction Scheme requirements. to the number of miles and divide Introduction See contact details on page 53 by 3 to get a rough idea of the Front: Bow Back: Stern minimum number of hours that a ´ Make sure you and your crew journey will take – it could take know how to handle the boat longer if there isn’t much depth Left: Port – and have the skills for the or you need to wait to use locks waterway you’re using ´ It’s not a good idea to cruise in ´ Get information on possible the dark or when visibility’s bad stoppages, stream conditions and – if you have to, take extra care tides and if you’re planning to go Special safety tips on unfamiliar waterways check ´ Make sure you’ve got enough water that your boat will fit through and fuel on board for your trip Equipment checklist – Make sure you know where to find these things: bridges and locks and that the ´ Make sure you have a mobile waterway will be deep enough. ´ Lifebuoy, lifeline (if supplied), ´ Emergency torch phone handy and charged in See contacts list on page 64. lifejackets or buoyancy aids case you need to use it in an ´ Mooring ropes – long enough emergency. Being able to make ´ Anchor – for rivers and tidal to stretch from your boat to an emergency call could make waters, lochs and lakes – the the bollard and back, even all the difference if you get into rope and chain together should when you’re in a deep lock difficulty, especially if tackling be at least six times as long as ´ Mooring stakes and hammer something with increased risk such the deepest part as locking or river navigations. ´ Horn ´ Fire extinguisher(s) and fire blanket ´ First aid kit

´ Emergency shut-offs for ´ Boat pole or hook Warning battery, gas and fuel ´ Gangplank ´ Bilge pump Stay safe on the water – don’t This is why drinking and boating at ´ Windlass – see page 22 drink and drown. – Every year the same time are the wrong people die from drowning in the UK ingredients for a cocktail of fun. Boat pole Boat hook Lifebuoy and alcohol is often a contributory Enjoy your boating, just remember factor. About a quarter of all to save your favourite tipple for drowning victims have alcohol in after you’ve moored up for the day. Tiller their bloodstream. Accidents do Boats come in different sizes, Fender Fender happen whilst boating and shapes and materials – and they all unfortunately the chances of things behave differently. Before you set going wrong increase significantly off, spend some time getting to the more you’ve had to drink. know your boat. Mooring rope Fenders Mooring rope

Special safety tips 6 7

PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 6-7 21/07/2021 13:44 Setting off Under way Start the engine, keep it in neutral Because the boat steers from the On all waterways, the rule of the Go slowly past boats, anglers and allow some time for it to warm back, you can’t drive away from the waterway is to be on the right. On and other waterway users. up before you move off. Once the bank as in a car. Check the area is wide waterways this may be easy. Don’t let your boat create a breaking crew are ready and the skipper has clear of boat traffic then push the But on most canals, unless there’s wave or a lowering of the water given permission untie the front and boat away from the bank so you another boat coming towards you, along the bank just ahead of the back mooring ropes from the bank, can make a clean departure, with you’ll steer down the middle as it’s boat. These are signs that you should

1 Boat Handling but leave them tied to the boat, coiled your propeller in deep water. In likely to be shallow near the edges. 1 Boat Handling throttle back to prevent damage and ready for use. On rivers, untie the shallow water, push the back of the When you do meet an approaching to the bank and disturbance to downstream rope first. Make sure your boat out, then reverse away until boat, keep to the right and pass moored boats. Excessive speed ropes can’t trail in the water and get there’s room to straighten up. ‘port-to-port’ (the left side of can also dislodge mooring pins. caught in the propeller. Don’t forget to When the boat’s straight, go into your boat passes the left side stow the mooring stakes and hammer. Look out for swimmers, canoes, forward gear and accelerate gently of the approaching boat). punts, rowing boats, sailing dinghies to an appropriate cruising speed. Don’t cut the corner when going and anglers. Remember they round bends. You run the risk of cannot always see or hear you a collision or going aground. approaching. Slow down so that Warning your boat isn’t creating a wave. Give Read up on all the other rules of them plenty of room as you pass the waterways on page 57. Checking for weed or debris around the prop? by. Warn other boaters coming in We want everyone to be able to the opposite direction if you can. Turn the engine off and take the key out of the ignition. Remove enjoy our waterways safely. This the weed hatch and check the propeller. Take care when you means you need to be aware of other remove any debris that is caught or wrapped around. It’s a users and consider their needs. good idea to wear thick gloves. Fasten the lid back securely and, when you start off, look to check that it isn’t leaking. Be safe around other craft and waterway users

Watch out for other waterway they will be altering their course users – canoes, other unpowered to port. In such circumstances it boats or even swimmers. is necessary to reply with a similar signal and to take similar action. Some vessels, such as loaded cargo vessels requiring deep water A vessel meeting or overtaking or vessels proceeding with the another vessel being towed from tide or stream, may have to pass the bank should always pass ‘starboard to starboard’. Such a outside the towed vessel and vessel will indicate their intention never between it and the bank. by two short blasts to signify that

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 8-9 21/07/2021 13:44 Steering Going aground Slowing down Steering a boat with a wheel is like Most boats pivot from a point about Everyone goes aground at some and stopping steering a car, but it’s more difficult halfway along their length. That point – it’s not a disaster. Because boats don’t have brakes, to judge where your wheel should means you need to watch out for Don’t try to force your way over the you need to give yourself plenty be for going straight ahead. Get to the front and the back. If you line obstacle or you’ll find yourself even of time to stop – especially when know the feel of the wheel and the up the front only and then try to more stuck. Instead, use reverse gear travelling downstream on flowing rudder position before you set off. turn into a narrow gap – a bridge or to back away into deeper water. waters. Ease off the throttle, move

1 Boat Handling lock, for example – you risk hitting 1 Boat Handling Using a tiller to steer is simple into neutral and then use reverse the side with the back of your boat. If you’re firmly stuck, ask some or all of – as long as you remember that gear to slow down and come to a Watch out for currents or cross- the crew to move to the side or back pushing to the right will make the final halt. Opening the throttle to winds pushing you off-course too. of the boat that’s still floating – but not boat head left and vice versa. Be give more engine revs will increase to the extent that you’d risk capsizing! patient and plan ahead – the boat the braking effect when in reverse. Now use the pole to push off against will take a few seconds to respond. Remember that it’s extremely difficult a solid object or the bed of the to steer when you’re in reverse waterway – if you put the pole straight gear. You may need an occasional down and try to use it as a lever, it’ll forward boost to get better control. either break or you’ll fall in. Keep the top of the pole away from your face and body, in case it slips suddenly.

Pivot Pivot Pivot point point point Special safety tips

´ Always be aware of what’s happening around you – on the boat, in the water and on the banks

´ Think ahead and make sure you’re lined up for bridge and lock Rudder Rudder Rudder entrances well in advance position position position ´ On a traditional or semi-trad narrowboat, stand in front of the small rear deck and not beside the tiller so you won’t fall off when making sharp turns or going into reverse. Don’t let passengers stand or sit in the way of the tiller Warning

You can’t steer unless your boat is in gear. Remember – in gear and under way (no gear, no steer).

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 10-11 21/07/2021 13:44 Mooring Can I moor here? Don’t moor Prepare your crew in advance. Make On rivers you should moor with the It’s usually best to moor against the ´ In locks, lock approaches sure they know what their jobs will be. front of your boat facing into the towpath or on signed visitor moorings. or in lock flights stream. This gives you more control as Many riverbanks and the non-towpath Slow down almost to a stop and ´ Blocking taps and other services you slow to a halt. So, if you’re heading side of canals are private property. carry out all your manoeuvres unless you are using them downstream, you’ll need to pass the as slowly as possible. Check that you’re not a hazard ´ Near any bridges mooring and turn your boat around. to other boats or to people using ´ Under fixed bridges 1 Boat Handling Stop short of where you want to moor The same applies if you have a very the bank. At busy sites position 1 Boat Handling with your boat straight and in deep strong wind behind you. It is easier your boat to leave room for other ´ Near weirs water. Move forward very slowly, to go past the mooring and turn your boats to tie up too. You could even ´ Near sharp bends pointing the front of the boat towards boat around so that you moor into encourage another boat to tie up the bank, then use reverse to stop the wind. Allow for the fact that the alongside you providing it wouldn’t ´ On the outside of bends the boat just before the front hits the water level may rise or fall by several interfere with boats passing by. ´ By blind spots bank. Put the engine into neutral. feet. If it’s a tidal river, you should always moor facing the tide – and Respect any time limits. On Canal ´ In or opposite turning points/ Your crew should step ashore – not avoid mooring to the bank overnight. & River Trust waters, if there is no winding holes or on the jump. They can either carry the ropes sign you are generally allowed to approach to these with them – making sure there’s moor for up to 14 days. You may be ´ At junctions plenty of slack and that one end is charged for staying longer. Some fixed to the boat – or you can pass moorings, particularly on rivers, ´ To the bank on a tidal river – you them the ropes once they’re on land. charge from the day of your arrival. might find yourself hanging from On other waterways mooring stay the ropes when the tide goes out! times vary, please check signage. ´ On landing places for If moorings are signed for disabled canoes– usually near locks boaters, please give priority to ´ In stretches marked out Downstream Reach those who need to use them. for an angling match Swing Bridge ´ Where there are signs that prohibit mooring Fixed River Bridge

Lift Bridge Winding Hole – Turning Point

Tunnel Portal

Fixed Canal Narrow Canal Bridge Lock Flight

Lock Weir stream Pound Island Boom Canal Junction Services Weir River Flow

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 12-13 21/07/2021 13:44 Tying up Useful knots To keep your boat secure, you need to If there aren’t any bollards or rings, tie it to the bank with a rope from both use your mooring stakes if the ground the front and the back. On rivers, you is suitable. Do not attempt to hammer Locking hitch should fix your upstream rope first. into concrete or other hard surfaces. If the ground is soft, check the Many mooring sites have bollards or stability of the bank and watch out for rings to tie up to – choose ones a

1 Boat Handling signs of underground pipes or cables 1 Boat Handling short distance beyond the front and before you start hammering. Position the back of your boat. Run your ropes the stakes as far from the bank as you at about 45º from your boat, loop can, but don’t tie your ropes across them back onto the boat and tie Round turn and two half hitches the towpath. Knock them in to about securely, but not too taut. three-quarters their length and make To stop your boat moving backwards sure they’re firm. Mark them with a and forwards in flowing water, you can piece of light-coloured cloth or a white use extra ropes as ‘springs’ – see plastic bag or bottle so that other example below. towpath users can see them clearly. Leave some slack in your ropes – Quick release clove hitch this is especially important on tidal waterways or rivers. If the ropes are too tight and the water level drops, your boat could be left hanging from the bank. Remember that your anchor can be used if you need added security or extra help in a strong stream or tide – and you should still use Canalman’s hitch mooring ropes.

Bowline Special safety tips

Make sure you know how to use your ropes properly. Keep them coiled, free of knots – and don’t drop them in the water, especially near a propeller. A rope can easily get wrapped around the propeller which will stall the engine and leave you with no way to control the boat. It’s worth learning more about these and other knots. See links on page 68.

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 14-15 21/07/2021 13:44 Locks Features of a typical narrow canal lock

There’s no mystery to using locks same basic principle. With the lock Typical cill warning sign – just a series of step-by-step gates closed, you open sluices or Keep boat on balance beam tasks. Understand the procedure, paddles to let the water in or out. forward of take your time and you’ll be on When the water level under your Top gate Ground paddle your way with no problem. boat is the same as the level you’re cill marker Gate paddle moving to, you’ll be able to open the A lock is simply a chamber with

1 Boat Handling gates to move in or out of the lock. 1 Boat Handling gates at either end. By emptying or filling that chamber with water, your Some locks you operate yourself and boat can move up or down onto others are operated by lock-keepers. Top gate balance beam a new section of the waterway. Check your particular waterway for Cill marker details. Always obey specific lock Although there are many different instructions and local information. kinds of locks, they all work on the Cill Special safety tips Ladder

´ Take your time – and keep ´ Work out some clear signals an eye out for problems so that the crew and skipper Lock chamber Sluice ´ Ensure that you use a tapered can communicate quickly – a signal that means ‘close all eye of the windlass on a tapered Bollard spindle, never the square eye the paddles,’ for example ´ ´ Enter and leave slowly so bumps Wait for the boat already in the are less likely to cause damage lock to leave before you start Gate paddle opening or closing paddles ´ Always have a competent Spindle person on board while ´ Watch out for unprotected the boat’s in the lock drops around the lockside, especially when opening gates ´ Keep the stern of the boat clear of the cill when going downhill ´ If there is a bridge, use it when crossing the lock. If not, take Bottom gates ´ When going uphill, be careful not care using the walking board to get the rudder caught between attached to the gates – do not the gates or to get caught on jump across part-opened gates any projections on the lock wall ´ Ask before helping other boaters ´ Boats tend to bang about with their lock operation when water flows in and out of a lock – stay alert ´ Don’t use a lock when it’s discharging flood water (this only ´ Make sure that you raise your applies on some river locks) side fenders when going through locks, particularly narrow locks ´ Never jump from the boat onto the lock side or layby, ´ Watch out for slippery step off carefully surfaces when you’re pushing the gates open ´ Always bring powered boats to a standstill using the engine, not by trying to stop it using the ropes Bottom pound Gate paddle

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 16-17 21/07/2021 13:44 Going up

As you approach the lock, drop a If there’s no boat in sight check In wide and river locks keep your boat When the lock is full, open the gates crew member off to check whether that the paddles at the top of the steady using front and back ropes and move your boat out. Lower it’s full of water or empty. If it’s lock are fully closed down, then looped round the bollards – take an the paddles – and close the gates empty, they can open the gates and empty the lock by slowly raising extra turn around the bollard to stop behind you unless a boat coming you can steer the boat straight in. open the bottom gate paddles. the boat pulling you, but don’t tie up. towards you wants to use the lock. Open the gates and steer in. If it’s full, moor up below the lock, far In narrow canal locks many boaters If the gates don’t open or

1 Boat Handling enough away to avoid the currents Close the gates and the paddles (or prefer to use the engine to control close easily, wait till the water 1 Boat Handling while the lock is emptying. check that these are already down the boat. If the top gate has a level’s absolutely equal. if the lock was ready for you). smooth rubbing board you can keep If it’s full your crew must look to see if If the gates don’t open fully, close a steel boat steady by using your there is a boat already waiting to come If there are ground paddles by the them and look for trapped debris, engine to push very gently against down the lock or one is approaching. top gate, open these first. Wait until removing it with your boat-hook. it as the water level rises. Others Let them use the lock first. This will the lock is half full before opening prefer to control the boat with save water. When they leave, the the gate paddles. If there are only ropes looped round the bollards. lock will be ready for you to go in. gate paddles, open them very slowly, and a little at a time, especially if the paddles are above the low water level.

Warning

This is what can happen if you open the gate paddles too soon. If this starts to happen, close the paddle(s).

Ground paddle

Gate paddle

Warning

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 18-19 21/07/2021 13:44 Going down

As you approach the lock, drop a crew Open the paddles in front of the boat member off to check whether it’s (at the bottom gate) to empty the full of water or empty. If it’s already lock, using your engine or ropes to full they can open the gates and you keep the boat as still as possible. Use can steer the boat straight in. If it’s ropes to keep your boat parallel to not, moor up while it’s prepared. the lock side in wide and river locks.

1 Boat Handling If the lock is empty, your crew When the water levels are equal, open 1 Boat Handling must look to see if there is a boat the bottom gates and take the boat already waiting to go up the lock out. Close the gates and lower the or one is approaching. Let them paddles before you move on, unless use the lock first. This will save a boat coming from the opposite water. When they leave, the lock direction wants to use the lock. will be ready for you to go in. If the lock is empty and no boat is in sight, check that the bottom gates and paddles are closed and then fill the lock by opening the paddles at the end nearest to your boat. When the lock’s full, open the gate and steer in. Close the gates and lower the paddles.

Warning

Keep the back of your boat well forward of the cill below the top gates. Cills stick out by up to 5ft (1.5m) and you can only see them as the lock empties. Most locks have markers to show you the approximate position of the cill. If you are not alert, it’s easy to get the back of the boat ‘hung up’ on Warning the cill. If the boat starts to tilt like this, close all paddles immediately. See instructions on refilling locks on p22. If someone falls into the lock, act quickly. If there’s no lock-keeper to take charge:

´ Close all the paddles bring them up to your level. Or, if the lock is almost empty, slowly ´ Throw a lifeline or lifebuoy lower the water level, open the ´ Stop the engine and gate and draw the person to keep the boat still safety using the lifeline or a rope

Cill ´ If there’s no ladder – or the ´ NEVER jump into the person can’t climb – you may water yourself to rescue need to fill the lock slowly to someone who has fallen in

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 20-21 21/07/2021 13:44 Boat in the lock Working the paddle gear

Upstream (top) paddles fill the lock. a windlass or lock key. You should Warning Downstream (bottom) ones empty it. always wind them bit-by-bit – and Paddle gear can be either hydraulic keep an eye on the effect of the or rack and pinion. On the rack and moving water on your boat. Floating freely? pinion type, remember to engage To close the paddle, take the As the water level rises or falls, ´ Going up – If the front of your the safety catch before winding up weight on your windlass, then lift keep a constant eye on your boat boat is caught under part of the paddles. This stops the gears 1 Boat Handling off the safety catch and wind the 1 Boat Handling to check that it’s floating freely. the top gate or your rudder is from slipping down. When you’ve paddle down – if you let it drop, trapped between the bottom finished winding the paddles up, If it does get caught or jammed, the spinning windlass could injure gates, close the top paddles check the safety catch is in position immediately close all the paddles you, especially if it flies off. to stop the lock filling. Open and then take off your windlass. and work out what needs to be the bottom gate paddles to Paddle gear that it is enclosed often done to get it level again. With one crew member at the helm allow the water level to fall. has an indicator to show how far and one at the paddles, you wind ´ Going down – If the side of it is open (up) or closed (down). If you’re sharing the lock with the paddle gear up and down using your boat is caught against the another boat, make sure there’s lock wall or the back is caught a safe distance between you. on the cill close the bottom Use ropes looped round the Rack and pinion gate paddles to stop the water bollards to keep you in position. paddle gear falling further. Slowly open the top gate paddles to refill the lock. Check for damage. If your ropes get snarled or too tight to let your boat move Safety catch down freely slacken them off if Windlass slotted fully you can. If not, refill the lock. onto the spindle

Special safety tips

´ If you use ropes to keep the ´ Take special care not to let your Special safety tips boat steady in the lock, don’t try fingers get between the rope to take the full strain of the boat and the bollard directly with the rope – wind it ´ A flying windlass can cause serious injury! To avoid an accidental launch: once around the bollard – Keep a firm grip and don’t let go – Only use a windlass that fits the spindle snugly Double windlass Spindle types – Make sure the windlass is fully slotted onto the spindle – Always use the safety catch when winding paddles up – Never leave the windlass on the spindle unattended

Parallel type Tapered type ´ Keep fingers, hair and clothing away from the mechanism (Hydraulic gear) (Mechanical gear)

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 22-23 21/07/2021 13:44 Sharing locks – saving water Powered locks

Always share a lock if you can. In broad locks, boats should be Some waterways – the Thames, Some locks (for example on the kept to the side with ropes looped Severn, and Trent, for example Severn) can only be operated by the The heavier boat should go in round the bollards. Slowly open – have large powered locks, lock-keeper. You can operate others first. This reduces the risk of, say, the two paddles by equal amounts operated by lock-keepers. (for example on the Thames and Trent) a steel hull crushing a fibreglass and at the same time if possible. when the lock-keeper is not on duty. one. Also the water flow doesn’t If the gates are closed moor on the pull it into the lighter boat. Some lock walls taper slightly from top landing stage leaving room for other If the lock has traffic light

1 Boat Handling to bottom so if you’re travelling side boats to land behind you, if possible. signals, amber usually means 1 Boat Handling For unpowered craft such as canoes by side with another boat, make sure it is on user-operation and you and kayaks locks, weirs and sluices can Always follow the lock-keeper’s there’s plenty of room between you. should proceed with care. be very dangerous. Don’t stay aboard instructions and local rules. On the your craft in a filling or emptying lock It’s sometimes possible to get Thames and Anglian waterways, If you are operating the lock – carry it around. If it is too heavy, use two short boats end-to-end in for example, you must switch yourself, follow the instructions ropes to keep control from the side. a narrow lock, but check that your engine off in the lock, and that you will find at the operating you both have enough room use ropes to control your boat. console. You may need to use a to avoid the cill and gates. navigation authority facilities key.

Lock Keeper’s Cabin Operating Console

Upstream Reach Operating Console

Head Gates

Lock Landing Lock Chamber

Tail Gates

Bollards Downstream Reach

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 24-25 21/07/2021 13:44 Guillotine gates Gates open?

You’ll find many locks with guillotine – at one end, and vertical guillotine Go into the lock slowly and moor When the water levels are equal, gates on the Anglian waterways. gates at the other end. Most are up. Make sure the guillotine gate, open the pointing doors or They have steel or wooden pointing electrically-operated and some are pointing gates and paddles (if guillotine gate fully – depending gates – also known as mitre doors wound up and down by hand. there are any) are closed. on which way you’re headed. Depending on which way you’re going, Gates closed? Counter-balance weight open the paddles in the pointing 1 Boat Handling doors or lift the guillotine gate a Moor up at the landing stage 1 Boat Handling Pointing Gates few centimetres slowly. If the water Ladders and check that all doors, gates flows in or out of the lock too quickly, and paddles are closed. Flow close the gate and start again. Foot bridge Fill or empty the lock slowly. When Guillotine gates that are electrically the levels are equal, open the doors powered automatically open a or gate fully, steer into the lock little at a time to let water in or and follow the procedure above. Balance Beams out slowly. Some guillotine gates in Yorkshire have gate paddles. When you’ve finished using the lock close the paddles in the doors. When The crew in charge of the mooring boating on the River Nene always Lock chamber lines should keep the ropes leave the pointing doors closed and taut as water levels change. the vertical gate raised, secured and Paddles locked, unless directed otherwise.

Gear box Cill Guillotine Gate Information

You need a key to operate locks on the River Nene, Great Ouse Special safety tips and the Ancholme, because the vertical gates have security locks. Call the Environment Agency boating information number on page 64 for how to get one. ´ Make sure that the boat does not get caught on the lockside as the lock empties

´ You may need to use fenders to stop your boat getting caught Reversed Locks on the safety chains that run alongside the lock

´ Some locks, notably on the Nene, may have water pouring over Following bouts of rainfall, some locks may have water pouring over the top the top of the pointing gates. Keep your boat clear of the pointing gates. Keep your boat clear of the overtopping water. The pointing gates are chained open and the guillotine gate is used as a sluice. ´ When you visit Anglian Waterways register for River Advice The locks cannot be used and you are strongly advised to tie up when the for Boaters. Call 0203 025 5068, office hours, or email river is flowing so strongly. See boating safety advice on page 49 and 50. [email protected]

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 26-27 21/07/2021 13:44 Staircase locks

Sometimes, you’ll find two, three, four completely empty – the lowest water or even five locks joined in a staircase. level should still be deep enough to Going down That means the bottom gates of one float your boat. Some staircase locks lock are also the top gates of the next, have markers to show you the level. and water from one lock fills the lock Once you’ve prepared the locks, make below. Usually you need to prepare sure all the paddles are fully closed. all the locks before you start through 1 Boat Handling If the water level isn’t right, you 1 Boat Handling the staircase. Check that another could get stuck on the cill between boat isn’t already in the staircase the locks. If you do, just make sure coming in the opposite direction. the paddles below the boat are Never empty a lock unless the one closed and slowly let the water below it is already empty. But bear into the lock from the lock above in mind that locks should never be using the ground paddles only.

Going up

Warning

Stumped by the staircase? Usually if you’re going up, the always apply (for example, at the bottom lock should be empty and Foxton and Watford Flights on the the rest full. If you’re going down, Grand Union Canal) so do check the top lock should be full and local instructions, on a notice the others empty. But this doesn’t board or in your guidebook.

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 28-29 21/07/2021 13:44 Bridges You’ll come across a whole range of Boats travelling downstream on Manual lift bridges bridges on your travels. Some are rivers have the right of way at fixed and some need to be moved bridges and narrow sections. out of the way to let your boat pass. Check your waterway guide for the sorts of bridge to Moveable bridges 1 Boat Handling expect on your journey. 1 Boat Handling Land your crew well before you Remember that many bridges reach the bridge – it gives you space have low headroom. On rivers, to get the boat lined up straight to weather conditions upstream go through. They might need the affect water levels – adequate windlass or navigation authority key. clearance today might disappear Pull the chain hanging from the balance arm. When the bridge is open, tomorrow if water levels rise. If it’s a traffic bridge, check that the road’s clear and close the unless it’s obvious that there’s a mechanism to stop the bridge from Bridges can be narrow too, which warning barriers if there are any. lowering by itself, sit an adult on the arm to keep it raised until the means river water tends to speed up Don’t forget to open the barriers boat’s clear of the bridge. as you get nearer. This can draw your once the bridge is back in place. Gently lower the bridge by the chain, taking care not to let it drop. boat towards the bridge, so stay alert.

Manual swing bridges Mechanised bridges

Mechanised bridges are either opened at the bridge on how to release using the windlass, or are powered and them. Please make sure they’re need a navigation authority facilities back in place before you let traffic key. Often you can’t move the traffic back over. Otherwise vehicles will barriers until you’ve unlocked the damage the bridge mechanism. control box. And you can’t move the Some bridges are operated by barriers back again until the bridge bridge-keepers. Look out for traffic is back in its original position. lights that tell you whether the bridge Some modern bridges have wedges is ready for you to go through. so they don’t bounce when cars cross Don’t try to pass under them unless them. You should find instructions instructed by the bridge-keeper.

Unhook the retaining chain and give the bridge a good – but controlled – shove. You might need to slow the swing down to stop the bridge Warning bouncing back across the canal when it hits the buffer stop. When the boat’s through, push the bridge firmly into place Bridge trouble? and put the retaining chain or lock back on. If a bridge breaks down, don’t try to instructions. If not, call the force it. Call for help. There should local navigation authority office. be a phone number on the bridge See page 64 for contact details.

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 30-31 21/07/2021 13:44 Special bridge safety tips Wide beam boats If you’ve a boat wider than 7ft, or are thinking of upgrading or buying one, ´ Don’t try to take your boat ´ Watch out for slippery what sort of things should you consider? through until the bridge is fully surfaces when you’re ´ Budget – bigger boats generally ´ Mooring – wide beam boats take open and secure – they can pushing swing bridges cost more to buy, and wider boats up more of the channel even when stick at the wrong moment ´ Use strong, fit crew to also pay a higher licence fee on moored up. This just means you ´ Take care with clearance under operate moving bridges Canal & River Trust, Environment need to be extra vigilant that you’re 1 Boat Handling lift and fixed bridges and stay Agency and some other waters! not causing a navigation hazard by 1 Boat Handling ´ Take care to stay clear of the in the centre of the channel obscuring line of sight for other ´ Cruising – width is probably the sides of the boat to avoid boaters or mooring opposite a main limiting factor (especially at ´ Keep everyone off the roof and the risk of trapping someone boat on the other bank within the profile of the boat against the cabin bulkhead bridge holes and locks), but it’s worth pointing out that even if ´ Location – consider the location none of the visible structures will you buy your boat and where you impede you, the navigable channel want to cruise and moor (unless Winter cruising might – narrow canals are not you’re prepared to pay for a dredged for passing wide beams contractor to move your boat by ´ Strong streams and rapidly rising ´ Wrap up warm – good insulation – you could find yourself running road). If you don’t have a home water levels are much more will help prevent hypothermia aground on a narrow canal every mooring in that area then you need likely. Check conditions with ´ All heating systems need enough time an oncoming boat needs to to be able to comply with the the navigation authority before oxygen to burn safely. Without pass you, potentially damaging ‘Guidance for boaters without a setting off. See page 64 for links it lethal levels of poisonous your boat and the canal. Refer to home mooring’. For more detailed ´ When tying up leave enough carbon monoxide gas can the map on page 63 that indicates information visit slack in your ropes for build up. Prevent this by having which waterways are suited for www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/ changing water levels appliances and flues properly wider craft and also check out our continuous-cruising installed and serviced and ensuring ‘Waterways Dimensions’. For more ´ Make sure any rainwater that there is adequate ventilation detailed information visit collects in the bottom of www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/ the boat is pumped out ´ Make sure nothing blocks your planning-your-boat-trip ventilators – like tarpaulins or snow ´ Unless your journey is really necessary, don’t cruise through ´ Fit a carbon monoxide alarm ice. Even thin breaking ice can suitable for use in boats. puncture timber and fibreglass Look for one marked with the Powered & unpowered craft hulls. Thicker ice can also standard: BS EN 50291-2 damage steel hulls of boats Powered and unpowered craft Follow the general rules of navigation, ´ Don’t put wet or unseasoned that you pass, or your own regularly share the use of the canal signage, any local bye-laws and wood in solid fuel stoves. You and river navigations and by following navigation notices issued by ´ Watch your footing at all times will block the chimney with tar some basic precautions the waterways waterway authorities. and soot, risking fire and carbon can be shared safely. Many of the ´ Don’t take risks – wear a life jacket In some areas of the Canal & River monoxide poisoning. The smoke waterways are popular with rowers, Trust network water safety zones have ´ Wear gloves to stop your hands will also irritate anyone nearby paddlers including stand up paddle been established. See page 59. sticking to icy surfaces boards (SUPBs) users and other unpowered craft. Respect and do not obstruct other water users.

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 32-33 21/07/2021 13:44 Tunnels Unpowered craft in tunnels Tunnels can be narrow with only room to a moderate speed. Move the tiller If you are in canoes or other small For your own safety if you for one-way traffic, or they can be wide or wheel as little as possible – it’s a unpowered boats, for your own safety are in an unpowered craft: enough for two boats to pass. Check common illusion to feel the boat’s being you should think very carefully before ´ Always stop and check the tunnel for instructions, entry times or traffic pulled to the side. You might find it deciding to navigate through a tunnel. port signage to ensure that the lights at the tunnel entrance. helps to shine your torch on the tunnel These are the Canal & River Trust tunnel is open to unpowered craft wall. Watch out for the changing profile criteria for permitting canoes and If it’s a one-way tunnel, make sure there’s and for other information such as

1 Boat Handling – tunnels are rarely straight and the other small unpowered boats to pass 1 Boat Handling no boat inside. If you have to wait your the length turn, stay well clear of the entrance. headroom can change. through a tunnel: ´ You must use a forward facing Keep at least two minutes (at normal ´ A forward facing bright light is Switch on your headlight and some bright light (such as a head torch cruising speed) or about 500ft (160m) displayed by all craft using tunnels interior lights. Some stern lighting will not less than 80 Lumen) help a following boat to see you, but away from any boat in front of you. If including unpowered it’s two-way traffic, keep a look-out for ´ You are strongly advised to wear if it’s a single bright spot or rear ´ The tunnel is less than 400 metres navigation light, it might be confused oncoming boats and pass slowly on a buoyancy aid/lifejacket the right. long, and there are good sight lines with a headlight by the helmsman of through the tunnel ´ Download a list of Canal & River a following boat. Watch out for canoes or other small Trust tunnels open to small ´ The tunnel is between 400 and 650 unpowered boats that might be in the unpowered craft from the website It can be cold and damp in there, so put metres long, and there are good tunnel. These should carry a white light. www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/ on warm clothes and waterproofs and sight lines, AND a single way traffic canoeing-safely have a waterproof torch to hand. Passage through some Canal & River system is in place As you go in, sound one long blast on Trust tunnels now require pre-booking ´ We don’t allow passage through your horn. Now steer by looking at online or by phone. Please check the website or call the Trust for more details. other tunnels unless it’s part of a one side of the tunnel only and keep managed event for which we have given permission Variable headroom sign Special safety tips ´ Exceptions may be made on the basis of local risk assessments ´ Keep your crew and passengers ´ Don’t allow inside lights to shine taking account of factors such as inside the boat into the steerer’s eyes potential smoke and fumes, ´ Make sure you have enough fuel ´ Make sure you have a torch existence of towpath/grab to get you through chains etc ´ Most tunnels have a chain fixed Beware ´ If you break down in a tunnel, to one wall near the water level Variable switch off the engine to help if someone falls in Headroom ´ Don’t smoke or use cookers and ´ Reflective signs on the walls of long 2.1m heaters. Turn off the gas except tunnels point to the nearest end pilot lights 2.4m ´ It is advisable to wear a life jacket ´ Make sure the air controls are when traveling through tunnels 2.7m set to prevent a solid fuel stove ´ Please check the Canal & River 3.0m over-firing Trust website for additional ´ Watch your head, some tunnels safety advice related to specific 3.3m have low and variable headroom. tunnels, for more detailed Never stand on the gunwales information visit 3.6m when entering a tunnel www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/ boating-through-tunnels

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 34-35 21/07/2021 13:44 Accidents Falls Now we’ve shown you the safe way Wherever you are – home, work What causes falls? Safety essentials or on a waterway – the most to do all the main boating things, we’d ´ Trips over ropes, mooring ´ Watch out for collisions – and like to say a bit more about accidents. common accidents are slips, trips stakes and so on – especially if you are going to bump, warn Tranquil waterways, beautiful and falls. But when you fall off a when left untidy your crew and passengers scenery, fresh air. Boating on our boat or from the waterside, those to brace themselves canals and rivers is a real pleasure – accidents can be more serious. ´ Walking on narrow decks on and, most of the time, there are few boats that tend to rock ´ It is safer to walk through

2 Boating Safety Apart from the risk of drowning, the inside of the boat to 2 Boating Safety safer ways to travel. ´ Jumping off or stepping off you could be dragged or fall into a get to the front or back Accidents and injuries are rare, but moving propeller. You could hit your in a dangerous place ´ If you have to walk round the every year a few people do get hurt head, or be crushed between your ´ Slipping on a wet deck – usually through inexperience or boat and another object. There’s outside use the grab rail – ‘one ´ Moving about the boat hand for the boat, one hand for you’ not paying attention. If you do have also a slight risk of infection from or waterside at night an accident or near-miss, you should the water itself (see page 52). ´ Keep your decks clear of report it to the navigation authority ´ Too much to drink clutter to avoid trips Boats and watersides are littered office or member of staff on the bank. with bollards, rings, ropes and holes. For more safety tips for boaters visit ´ Don’t jump off the boat Your report could help to save others. Surfaces can be uneven or slippery, www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/water- when mooring For contact details see page 64. safety-tips-for-boaters particularly in wet or icy weather or ´ Wear non-slip deck-shoes By looking at the accidents people early morning dew. So you need to have had on boats over the past few keep your eyes open – and slow down. ´ Take extra care on towpaths at years, we’ve found that they fit into a night. Use a torch and watch out Many falls happen during mooring relatively small number of categories. for ropes and mooring pins – simply because people aren’t This part of the handbook looks at the ´ Don’t sit or stand on the sure of the procedure. causes so that you can avoid the same roof of the boat misfortune. There are unprotected drops at locksides. Watch out especially when operating lock gates. Warning

Don’t let small children move around the boat unsupervised. Always know where they are and make sure children are wearing a life jacket at all times.

Warning True stories

´ Over half of all serious accidents to boaters are caused by falling off the Eyes in the back of your head? boat, towpath, bank or jetty. Many happen even when the boat is tied up. Eleven-year-old Sam was lucky to escape with a broken arm when he ´ Don’t leave the helm when the engine’s running. If someone fell onto the deck of a boat as it passed through a lock. While the rest of falls into the water, they could be injured by the moving his family – relatively experienced holiday boaters – were busy with the propeller. And don’t leave the keys in the ignition unattended. 60ft narrowboat, Sam ran along the lockside, tripped over a bollard and Never run the engine in gear when the boat’s moored up. fell over the edge. Luckily, the lock-keeper was on hand to rescue him.

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 36-37 21/07/2021 13:44 Fire, explosion and fumes Warning Although rare, boat fires and Petrol vapour is also heavier than explosions can be fatal. There are air and highly flammable. If there’s Hey! I can smell gas (or petrol)! some specific risks to be aware of. a strong smell of gas or petrol, follow the drill shown opposite. Close the shut-off valve and and evacuate if possible. Use a The bottled gas used for cookers, open windows, hatches or doors fire blanket on pan fires, and fire fridges and heaters is heavier than And lastly, you need to watch out for to ventilate the area as much as extinguisher on other fires. They air and, if there’s a leak, it’ll build fumes from cookers, cabin heaters possible. Turn the engine off, and can help you escape or might put

2 Boating Safety up in the bottom of the boat. A and water heaters or from engine put out naked flames, cookers, out a small fire. Keep them in good 2 Boating Safety small spark will ignite this gas. exhaust building up in the boat. pilot lights and cigarettes. condition and ready for use. Evacuate the boat if possible. If the fire’s taking hold call the Don’t switch anything electrical fire service if you can. If the Special safety tips on or off, including lights and the fire’s in the engine space, don’t bilge pump, until you’re sure the open the main access – the ´ Boat appliances and their fuel ´ Look and listen for signs that gas/petrol has dispersed. Find the air will only feed the fire. systems need regular checks electrical cables are overheating problem and get it put right before If someone’s clothes are alight, and professional servicing. you turn the gas or fuel on again. ´ Make sure appliances quickly lie them face down so that Any changes should meet Boat aren’t faulty Fire! Act quickly – fire spreads the flames rise away from their face. Safety Scheme requirements rapidly! Put your fire action plan Smother the flames with a blanket ´ Keep ventilators open and ´ Learn how to refuel safely into practice! Alert everyone on or wet jacket, laid away from their free of obstructions board to move to a safe location face. Call the emergency services. ´ Avoid refuelling any portable ´ Fit a smoke alarm and carbon engine or tank aboard the monoxide alarm suitable boat; take it to the bank and a for use on boats and press safe distance from any boats the test button routinely What causes injuries from fire, explosion or fumes? or other sources of ignition ´ Make a fire action plan with ´ Never store petrol, diesel or gas your crew to help your escape ´ Dangerous misuse of equipment ´ Check for the presence of containers in the cabin or engine if the worst happens. Make or the failure of some parts of a canopy or canopy fixings space – even empty ones or sure you know where your fire the fuel, gas or electrical system where a flue terminates at any only for a short time. The same part of the vessel which could extinguishers and blankets ´ Unsafe handling or stowage of applies for portable generators be enclosed by a canopy are, and how to use them. petrol and gas containers. These ´ Ensure all electrical circuits Keep escape routes clear must be kept in purpose-built ´ Flue terminals must be located are protected by appropriate ´ Never lock or bolt doors compartments and never left outside the interior of the vessel fuses or circuit breakers and hatches on the outside in cabins or engine spaces and outside of any areas which may be enclosed by a canopy while you’re onboard ´ Poor ventilation, leaking flues and a build-up of petrol ´ Ensure that fumes from engine exhaust fumes generators or other appliances cannot blow ´ Check the location of under and get trapped all flue terminals under enclosed canopies

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 38-39 21/07/2021 13:44 True stories True stories

Too hot to handle Breathe easy! It was a cold evening and John wall and curtains near the super- A sunny autumn weekend? Perfect friends came back from the pub, went ashore for a warming curry. hot chimney were smouldering weather for a day’s cruising. But they found the couple unconscious He banked up his stove with fuel when John returned. If he had when the night turned chilly, this from carbon monoxide poisoning. to keep the boat cosy for his lingered half an hour longer over boating couple blocked off the Had they stayed for a last drink,

2 Boating Safety return. But while he was away his curry, he would have returned draughty ventilators and lit the the result would have been far 2 Boating Safety the fire raced out of control. The to a burnt-out shell of a boat. gas central heating. When their worse than severe headaches.

Solid fuel stoves Safe re-fuelling of petrol engines and generators Warning ´ Don’t bank up your stove with fuel and leave it unattended whilst ´ Stop the engine, switch off ignition going off for a day’s work, a spot of systems Take special care to avoid the risk Taking these points into account, shopping, or bite to eat of electric shock and fire if your more care needs to be taken with ´ Put out all naked flames including boat has a 230 volt electricity 230 V electricity on boats, including: ´ Before leaving the boat for a pilot lights supply – it will be more exposed ´ Avoiding water coming period, going to bed, or travelling to vibration and water than in your ´ Evacuate the boat if possible into contact with electric through a tunnel set the appliance home. air controls to prevent over-firing ´ Vapour will travel, so protect the equipment or wiring ´ Use a competent person to boat by closing doors, windows ´ Ensuring the boat’s different If you feel unsure about how to install design, install and maintain and hatches sources of electric power or run your stove, or if you’ve been your boat’s electrical systems − shore power cables, checking it over and what you’ve ´ Never refuel in a lock or next to and appliances and to make engine‑driven alternators, found leaves you in doubt about your another boat any changes to them safety, ask a professional for advice or inverters and installed or ´ Refuel outboard tanks and to fix any problems. ´ Don’t ignore danger signs like portable generators − are generator tanks ashore, well away burning smells and scorch marks never connected to each Ventilation from the boat other or to the same wiring ´ Know where to find at any time (usually only It is now known that solid fuel stoves ´ Wipe up any spillage immediately your main switch consume huge amounts of oxygen in and securely replace the cap on possible due to careless or use. Ensure that the air control on your the can ´ Test that your circuit- incompetent electrical work) breakers work stove provides sufficient air flow. ´ Using shore power cables Have you blocked up or closed some responsibly, and always ventilation? Keep boat ventilation clear, ensuring that an effective stoves need lots of oxygen to run earthing connection is made, efficiently. via the cable, from the shore power socket to power inlet Most stoves are not made to be run on the boat (and hence to with the loading door open, so keep it the main earthing terminal of closed. Ensure that there are no leaky Find out more from the Boat Safety the boat’s electrical system) seals on the door and flue. Scheme website (see page 53). when the cable is connected

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 40-41 21/07/2021 13:44 Collisions Crushing

Collisions – with other boats, banks, ´ Be ready for strong flows at locks, If your boat collides with something Safety essentials bridges or other structures – are weirs and places where water is else, you don’t want to be in the way. ´ Keep your body out of the way another common cause of injury. taken in or out of the waterway Don’t put yourself between the boat The impact can lead to falls, both and a bank, tunnel or bridge, or you ´ Keep within the boat – that means ´ Give a long blast with the onto the deck and into the water. could end up with crushed fingers or not having your legs dangling over horn as you approach blind And for people working in the galley, legs – or even more serious body the side, your hands over the edge bridges, bends and junctions there’s a risk of scalds or burns. injuries. Don’t get your body in the or your head out of the side hatch 2 Boating Safety ´ Look out for canoes, way of a moving bridge or lock 2 Boating Safety What causes collisions? ´ Keep off the roof when underway sailing dinghies and other balance beam. ´ Lack of boat-handling unpowered boats ´ Don’t fend off with your arms, What causes injuries? skill or experience legs or a boat pole – let the ´ Watch out for floating tree ´ Using your hands or feet to fender take the impact ´ Taking your eyes off the waterway trunks and other debris stop a collision or fend off ´ Make sure anyone in the front ´ Cruising too fast ´ Learn the Rules of the Waterways. ´ Not appreciating the momentum cockpit is on the look-out for See page 57 for details Safety essentials or the size of your boat possible collisions and ready ´ Make sure you know the size of to escape into the cabin ´ Check headroom for bridges. ´ Lack of attention operating your boat and the dimensions of Remember bridge shapes bridges and locks ´ Supervise children who are helping the waterway you’re cruising on vary and water levels rise ´ Not all waterways are suitable ´ Watch out for cross-wind. You for wide craft. Please check with can anticipate it by looking for the relevant waterway to find out ripples on the water and swaying which recommended for wider trees. You may need to steer craft. See page 33 for more detail. at an angle into the wind to avoid being blown off course

True stories True stories

Blast it! Helping hand – broken ankle Neither skipper sounded the thinking helmsman stopped the A couple, invited along for a canal hit the bank, he instinctively stuck warning when a small cruiser and a propeller just in time, and the girl cruise by their neighbours, were out a foot to fend off. His pleasure family on a first-time boating holiday was rescued unharmed. An elderly eager to help. So, approaching a trip ended with a broken ankle, met at a blind bend. The collision woman on the cruiser wasn’t so mooring, the husband leapt to the crushed between the boat and sent a sunbather flying from the lucky – she’d been making tea in the front of the boat with the mooring the bank. deck of the hire boat. The quick- galley and was badly scalded. rope. Seeing the boat was about to

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 42-43 21/07/2021 13:44 Capsize True stories All boats have a limit to the number of people that can safely be on board. Look for a plate showing the number or get it from the boat’s handbook or Tipping tragedy safety information folder. Two families were enjoying a trip One of the mothers was trapped Think carefully before going on the cabin roof as the boat could become top out on the Norfolk Broads aboard under the upturned boat and heavy and roll over. Obey any sign or instruction that limits people on the roof. a fibreglass boat they had hired despite frantic efforts to rescue Don’t let everyone stand together on the same side if it risks tipping for the day. her, tragically, drowned. 2 Boating Safety the boat over. Five of the party were sitting on top 2 Boating Safety of the front cabin roof as they Man overboard cruised along. Their weight was all on one side of the boat causing it to Before you do anything else, take On wider or deeper waterways become unstable and capsize. a breath and think. Don’t panic, Throw a lifebuoy to the person in don’t jump in – and don’t let others the water. Keep a constant watch jump in. The water is very cold to ensure your propeller is well even in summer. Keep sight of the away from them. Stop the propeller Should I wear a lifejacket? person in the water at all times. immediately by selecting neutral gear On narrow canals and if there’s a risk of them getting close Children, non-swimmers, those with Of course, it’s always safer to wear slow, shallow rivers to it. If you are on a river you may disabilities and lone boaters should a lifejacket or buoyancy garment. need to turn so as to approach them wear lifejackets whenever they’re on You could be knocked unconscious. Put your engine out of gear. slowly going against the stream. deck. And that applies to everyone Rivers and deep canals can give Don’t reverse the boat – the if you’re negotiating tidal waters, disabling cold shock even in person in the water could be Pull them to the side of the strong streams or currents or if the summer. It is difficult to swim when dragged into the propeller. boat and help them aboard decks are slippery and whenever fully clothed. with a ladder, rope or pole. Throw a line or a lifebelt and tell them the water is likely to be cold. to try to stand up – if it’s a canal Be prepared they might be able to walk out. Make sure everyone on the boat Steer the boat slowly to the bank and knows the drill – and knows where to get one of your passengers off to find the lifeline or lifebelt. In case it’s Warning help the person get out of the water. the skipper who falls overboard, the crew should also know how to stop It can be dangerous to swim in waterways. You could: the propeller and steer the boat. ´ Get cramp or breathing ´ Be hit by a passing boat Practice the drill. It’s better to learn difficulties from the shock ´ Get drawn into a sluice or weir it before an accident happens. of cold water ´ Catch a waterborne disease ´ Be swept away by strong streams or currents Swimming is not permitted in canals owned by the ´ Get tangled in weeds or junk Canal & River Trust. ´ Get cut by rocks, glass or wire

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 44-45 21/07/2021 13:44 Operating injuries Lock safety

Boating can involve a lot of physical ´ Make sure you know how to Though boating accidents are Safety essentials exercise. Some of the work is heavy use equipment properly few and far between, many ´ Make sure the boat’s level and and you’ll also be using unfamiliar of them happen in locks. ´ Follow any operating free. It should be away from techniques and tools. Together, the instructions that are provided Moving through a lock is perhaps the cill, not caught on a gate two things can add up to strained the trickiest part of boating. There’s or projection and the ropes backs and muscles, cuts or worse. ´ Watch out for worn paddle gear a lot to think about at once and a should be able to run freely ´

2 Boating Safety What causes operating injuries? Use the right size hole in your whole series of tasks to carry out. 2 Boating Safety ´ Open the paddles windlass and use the safety ´ Overstretching yourself Practically all the safety tips we’ve (sluices) gradually catch on the paddle gear come across so far apply here. But ´ Using tools or equipment ´ Make sure that each member ´ Only use a boat-hook or you also need to be extra alert. If your incorrectly of the crew sticks to their pole when the boat’s still boat gets caught up, it could come allotted task – accidents ´ Not paying attention crashing down into the lock. Should ´ Keep fingers clear of ropes happen when crew wander off, to the job in hand there be a fire on your boat it is harder – sudden tension in the especially with a big crew to escape, and it could spread quickly ´ Rushing rope can trap fingers to other boats sharing the lock. ´ Adult crew must be in ´ Not preparing properly ´ Don’t wrap ropes around charge of the lock There’s more guidance on how any part of your body Safety essentials to use locks on pages 16 to 29. ´ Watch out for ‘helpful’ ´ Don’t use ropes to stop the bystanders – their mistakes ´ Take things easy. Don’t What causes accidents in locks? boat – use the engine could land you in trouble strain. Share the work ´ Lack of knowledge or preparation ´ Don’t push off from the side of ´ Have a steerer at the helm all the ´ Let the fittest operate another boat with your pole. It ´ Not paying attention time when the boat is in a lock locks and bridges could slip on the smooth surface ´ Rushing the procedures

True stories True stories

Tools that bite back Rope tricks Stay alert – stay afloat Take a lesson from this hire boat Crushed fingers and rope burns They were experienced hirers, didn’t notice until it was too late. crew, coming across their first were the painful end to a holiday for well-used to using locks, but while As the water level dropped, the lock. Jane left the windlass on the Robert. While holding the mooring the crew opened the paddles to let boat crashed down, flooded and spindle and then let go. The ratchet rope around a bollard, a sudden out the water, the helmsman went sank. Though badly shocked, the slipped and spun the handle round, tug from the boat pulled the rope inside the boat to put the kettle on. helmsman wasn’t injured. The canal, breaking her nose and teeth. – and his fingers – into the bollard. though, had to be closed and a The back of the boat caught on His fingers were trapped until the crane hired to raise the boat. the cill while the front of the boat skipper brought the boat further continued to float down – the crew in and the rope slackened off.

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 46-47 21/07/2021 13:44 Fast-flowing water Tidal waters Strong stream conditions Most canals are calm and smooth- A minimum crew of two, the use of flowing, but rivers can catch you out VHF marine-band radio and the Warning with strong streams, currents or, in wearing of a life jacket is some cases, tides. Handling a boat in recommended when travelling on Don’t cruise in strong stream conditions – tie up securely, watch for fast-flowing water takes special skill tidal waters. Skippers should also changes in water level and adjust your mooring ropes as necessary. and good judgement. What’s more, check tide times, weather forecast the usual risks are magnified – a and other local conditions before 2 Boating Safety current makes collisions more likely, planning passage. It is also important Strong stream warnings 2 Boating Safety for example, and makes it harder to check local radio channels when The Environment Agency gives out stream warnings to tell you about to recover a person overboard. planning passage. conditions that may mean you shouldn’t go out in your boat. See page 64 What causes accidents? for how to get information. You may also see red flags or warning boards Freight waterways at boat clubs, marinas and locks. ´ Inexperience

´ Taking on too much of a challenge Be prepared for higher than normal Strong stream advice on the River Thames wash on freight waterways. Always ´ Not communicating properly ensure your vessel is moored securely Look out for warning boards on lock gates. Safety essentials on freight waterways.

´ Boating with an experienced It is important to choose your mooring skipper is the best way spot carefully on freight waterways to gain experience avoiding tight turns, blind spots and narrow sections of waterway. ´ Get an update on river conditions before setting off Freight skippers will often announce their position to lock keepers and ´ Make sure your boat has other skippers by VHF Marine Band Users of all boats are Users of all unpowered Users of all unpowered enough power to cope with the Radio, use of Marine Band Radio is advised not to navigate boats are advised not boats are advised not strength of the stream or tide recommended on freight waterways. because the strong to navigate and users of to navigate and users flows make it difficult powered boats to find of powered boats to ´ Have a good anchor and chain Local waterway offices can also ready for use. Preferably have provide details of freight vessel and dangerous. a safe mooring. This is navigate with caution. two anchors rigged and ready for movements if required. because river flows are use, one at bow and one at stern likely to strengthen, and Large freight vessels especially when red boards could be ´ Steer clear of weirs loaded may not always be able to displayed very soon and move far from the centre channel. without further warning. ´ Look out for big commercial Always give freight craft additional boats and prepare to give way room when passing. It may not always Strong stream advice on the River Medway Make sure you’re prepared – get be possible to pass port to port when information on unfamiliar waterways, passing freight vessels. Look out for warning boards on lock gates. take advice and obey warning signs. Skippers of all craft should familiarize See the contacts on page 64 for how themselves with the sound signals to get the current river conditions. especially if they do not have a VHF marine band radio.

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 48-49 21/07/2021 13:44 Strong stream conditions Special safety tips River Advice for Boaters (RAB) on the Anglian Waterways ´ Please moor up safely if you see ´ If necessary, put extra fendering The Environment Agency issues strong stream warning signs or (eg scaffold poles or strong River Advice for Boaters on the River Navigation are advised by navigation staff timber posts) between your boat Ancholme, River Nene and River Warning System to stop. Even the most and the bank side, to prevent Great Ouse (between Bedford and experienced boater can be your boat drifting onto the river Check water level on indicator caught out, so think about those bank and becoming caught up

2 Boating Safety Earith) to inform river users when board before proceeding 2 Boating Safety river conditions are changing and who could be put in danger if when levels drop they have to help you when locks are being prepared or ´ Make sure you have a safe exit Do not proceed used to discharge flood water. ´ Moor your boat in a safe place, ashore from your boat as the Hazardous conditions exist Look out for notice boards and preferably in a marina or at a level rises. If not, you should Proceed with caution – Navigation recognised mooring. Limited consider returning home or lights that are displayed prominently conditions liable to change on riverbanks to inform boaters space may be available at some finding alternative of the status of the river. Flags Navigation conditions normal locks. Moor against high banks accommodation until are also raised at several boat if you can conditions improve clubs, marinas and some locks. The indicator board is located ´ Ensure your mooring lines are ´ If you are running low on on the lock wing wall on the river fastened to secure fixings such essential supplies and are not Boaters are strongly advised side of the bottom lock gate not to navigate when the Water as bollards, rings or even trees; able to leave your boat call 101 Level & Strong Stream Advice put out extra lines for additional and seek advice or assistance security and allow enough message is in force when some ´ If you have a serious safety Water level and strong slack for a further rise in river locks may be ‘reversed’ for flood concerns and are not able to stream warnings website levels; don’t rely on your own control. For an explanation of leave your boat safely, treat this mooring pins or stakes – they reversed locks see page 27. as an emergency and dial 999 to might not hold Boaters are encouraged to sign up ask for evacuation and receive free River Advice for ´ For hire boaters: if you are Boaters messages when using the advised to stop, you must do River Thames and Anglian Waterways. so then call your boatyard and For details on how to sign up for follow their instructions this free advice see page 64.

Water level and strong stream advice on Canal & River Trust waterways True stories Check the Canal & River Trust website for warnings and advice. Ignoring warning leads to tragedy www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/stream There’d been several days of heavy signs. He left it too late to moor up Don’t cruise in strong stream rain and the river level was rising, and his boat was swept sideways conditions – tie up securely, watch but this boater – out in his own down the river. As it wedged for changes in water level and adjust fibreglass cruiser with his girlfriend against a bridge, his girlfriend fell your mooring ropes as necessary. – ignored the strong stream warning overboard and was swept away.

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 50-51 21/07/2021 13:44 Vandalism and aggression Report any damage to locks and other Training and guidance navigation structures to the navigation There’s little that’s more peaceful authority. See contacts on page 64. Boat-handling training courses The RYA Inland Waterways Handbook than cruising a stretch of quiet (written to accompany the course) Consider taking a professionally waterway. But in a very few urban is an excellent well-illustrated book Waterborne diseases run course in boat and unpowered areas, things aren’t as laid-back as available to buy from the RYA online craft handling, particularly if you they should be. Keep an eye out for shop: www.rya.org.uk/shop Waterborne diseases, including are planning to boat regularly. The trouble-makers. The main problems Weil’s Disease (leptospirosis), are knowledge you gain will make your NCBA community boats to watch for are missiles being extremely rare, but it’s sensible

2 Boating Safety boating safer and more enjoyable. 2 Boating Safety thrown or dropped, youths jumping to take a few precautions. Run a number of courses. in, particularly in locks, and theft. The Royal Yachting Association See www.national-cba.co.uk, ´ If you’ve got any cuts or scratches, call 07899 822113 or email ´ Watch out for vandals dropping (RYA) Inland Waterways Helmsman’s keep them covered [email protected] for details. objects when you go under Certificate is highly regarded. It is bridges, through locks and at ´ If you fall in, take a shower and not compulsory in this country but is British Canoeing tunnel entrances and exits treat cuts with antiseptic and a required on some waterways abroad. See www.britishcanoeing.org.uk sterile dressing You can go on a two day course ´ Keep a low profile and or call 0300 0119 500. to qualify. Get details on the RYA avoid confrontation ´ Wash wet clothing before you Courses for fundamental and more website: www.rya.org.uk/training/ wear it again advanced skills are available ´ Don’t moor where there inland-waterways or call the RYA could be a risk ´ If you develop flu-like symptoms training section on 023 8060 4181. within two weeks, see your doctor ´ Know your location in case and mention that you fell in the you need to call for help water. Not all doctors will know to look for signs of Weil’s Disease, so ´ Have a camera and a Boat Safety Scheme mobile phone to hand do suggest it as a possibility ´ Clean hands before handling ´ Keep valuables out of sight mandatory on most inland waterways, foodstuffs. (Antibacterial hand gel Boat Safety Scheme: minimum safety requirements addressing fire, carbon If things get difficult can be used. ) monoxide poisoning and pollution prevention, four yearly ´ Call the police. Dial 999 if you are in ´ Please only use hosepipes for MOT-style examinations and the promotion of essential immediate danger. Or 101 to report temporary filling of on-board tanks safety advice and tips that will help keep boaters safe. suspicious behaviour. Know your – please disconnect the hosepipe location before calling. Ask the police from the tap when not in use. 0333 202 1000 or go to www.boatsafetyscheme.org to give you an incident number Permanent or long term ´ Keep a safe distance connections must be properly away if you can plumbed in rather than using hosepipes ´ Stay calm. Don’t antagonise the aggressors ´ As hosepipes are deemed by water supply regulations to be ´ Speak clearly and firmly. Don’t “semipermeable” and so at risk raise your voice or argue from potential contamination, ´ Maintain eye contact please ensure your hosepipe does not trail in the canal or other ´ Be understanding and standing water avoid arguments

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 52-53 21/07/2021 13:44 Carbon Monoxide Unpowered craft

Each year boaters die or are ´ Follow servicing guidelines; Exploring canals and rivers by canoe, ´ If there is risk of collision the made seriously ill from carbon maintenance should be kayak or Stand Up Paddle Board conventional Shouted Warning calls monoxide (CO) poisoning – Boats routine and competent – (SUPB) can help you get fit, closer to for paddlers and rowers are: are built to keep water out, Don’t allow bodged repairs, nature and allows you to experience – ‘Take a Look’ (other boat) but this also makes them good adjustments and adaptations waterways from a totally new angle. potential risk of collision, containers for gases and fumes. ´ Always use appliances as per ´ Stay safe when canoeing, kayaking – ‘Ahead’ (other boat) imminent risk

2 Boating Safety When carbon-based, appliance the instructions and never use or using small unpowered craft 2 Boating Safety of collision, and engine fuels, such as gas, cookers for space heating ´ Make sure your craft is suitable for LPG, coal, wood, paraffin, oil, – ‘Hold it up’ precautionary stop, ´ Don’t block ventilation – the waterway you are using and petrol and diesel don’t burn appliance fuels like gas, coal, that you are competent to use it – ‘Hold it hard’ Emergency stop completely, CO is produced. wood, oil, paraffin, etc. need ´ Check the stream conditions, ´ You are strongly advised to wear CO build-up in the cabin can occur sufficient air to burn safely weather forecast and navigation a personal flotation device with with one or a mix of these factors: ´ Don’t bring charcoal BBQs on notices before you set out attached whistle, and be water ´ With faulty, badly maintained, board, or have them near a confident ´ Wear or take appropriate or misused appliances cabin during or after use – only waterproof clothing which can ´ Locks, weirs and sluices require stone-cold charcoal is safe ´ Exhaust fumes from a boat’s include additional dry clothing and great care. On Canal & River Trust engine or generator ´ Keep engine fumes out of the layered items which can easily be waters unless authorised, don’t cabin space, never use a portable removed. It is advisable to take stay on board your craft in a filling ´ Escaped flue gases from generator in or near a cabin refreshments and a mobile phone or emptying lock – carry it around solid fuel stoves or if it’s too heavy, use lines to ´ Learn about the danger ´ Novices should always be ´ Short supply of air – fuels keep control signs, spot potential hazards accompanied by an accomplished need the right amount of before CO occurs canoeist, SUPB user or boater ´ The Canal & River Trust permit oxygen to burn safely canoes and kayaks with crew on ´ Deal with problems immediately, ´ Larger craft need deeper water 10 tips to keep you and board to use locks on the Rivers never use equipment you and room to manoeuvre. The your crew alive! Severn & Trent and at Carpenters suspect has problems standard practice is to follow the Road & City Mill Locks to access ´ Install a certified CO alarm (BS navigation rules and keep to the For more advice on carbon Bow Backwaters EN 50291-2), test it routinely and right-hand side of the channel in monoxide poisoning visit the never remove the batteries a position for the helmsman to ´ Group organisers should ensure Boat Safety Scheme website see you that the number of craft in the ´ All the crew should know the www.boatsafetyscheme.org/ group are in keeping with the symptoms of CO poisoning and stay-safe/carbon-monoxide-(co) ´ When meeting a powered craft on nature of the waterway. For the how to react if it is suspected a canal or narrow channel safety of the group and other communicate with the helmsman to ´ Install fuel burning appliances waterway users you should not indicate your intentions and these properly, in-line with impede other boat movements are acknowledged. A group shall makers directions avoid dispersing either side of an oncoming powered craft

´ Keeping a proper lookout is very important for safe navigation and give way as required to on water events

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 54-55 21/07/2021 13:44 Stand Up Paddle Boards (SUPBs) Channel markers Overtaking If there’s a channel you should You will rarely need to overtake Warning stick to it – it’ll usually be marked on canals and narrow rivers. by buoys or by red cans and There isn’t usually enough space Wind – unpowered craft including Stand Up Paddle Boards and inflatable green cones. If you’re heading to overtake safely. So just keep boats are vulnerable to the effect of the wind that can have a significant downstream, keep the red cans to your distance and stay behind. your right and the green cones to effect on safe handling especially on exposed sections of waterway such If another boat wants you to your left. If you’re going upstream, as on embankments and aqueducts. Follow local instructions where SUPBs overtake, the skipper should slow 2 Boating Safety the red markers should be on your and inflatable boats are not permitted, for example on exposed aqueducts. down and tell you on which side left and the green on your right. to overtake – usually the left. If you’re the one overtaking, it’s your Weirs responsibility to stay clear of the Stand Up Paddle Board A SUPB in a crowded lock chamber other boat. Both skippers should go Waterway the of 3 Rules will also mean other boats need Straying out of the channel can be in locks – why not? as slowly as possible to avoid the to manoeuvre more carefully very dangerous – especially if you two boats being drawn together. Lock operation causes turbulence in order not to put the SUPB at find yourself near a weir. Do not pass inside the lock chamber. Boats are risk of collision or capsize. close to any weir, keep well away required to be secured and controlled Speed limits At locks with no assisted passage (i.e. Watch out for the warning signs. by two lines, whilst occupants of no staff on duty), risks are enhanced. The maximum speed on narrow canals small craft (e.g. canoes) must hold Where locks are operated by the is 4mph. On rivers and broad canals onto the grab chains where fitted public, emergency procedures may limits vary, so check local information or controlled by a free running line be slower. It is not appropriate to before you set out and watch out for around a bollard or other fixing. It expose boaters operating the lock to speed limit signs on the waterway. is not safe for SUPBs to do this – the unnecessary risks presented by The non-tidal River Thames has a balancing on a board has more risk SUPBs sharing the lock chamber. Weir limit of 8kmh (5mph). On the River than being contained inside a boat. Medway it’s 5 knots (about 5.75mph). It is much quicker, safer and more In order to reduce the risk to efficient for a SUPB to portage – there Slow down approaching bridges, locks, SUPBs, lock operation would need is no valid reason to lock through bends or junctions, and when passing to be carried out much more other than to chalk up the experience! Giving way boats or anglers. River currents will slowly to keep water movement to speed up or slow down your boat. a minimum. This will cause delays For more information visit If you’re approaching a bridge or Whatever the limit if you make waves to other traffic, allowing queues to www.britishcanoeing.org.uk/ narrow section, slow down. If a boat you’re going too fast – slow down. build up and hinder efficient river stand-up-paddleboarding-sup coming in the opposite direction traffic movement at peak times. is closer to the bridge, wave them Speed checks are carried out on some waterways and there Many locks can accommodate a through and keep right until they’re are heavy penalties including large number of boats of all shapes well clear. On rivers, the boat coming fines and prosecution that can and sizes, including large commercial downstream has right of way. result in a criminal record. boats (e.g. passenger boats). There is no safe place for a SUPB to be inside a lock chamber in these circumstances, but locking through a single SUPB will cause delays and waste water.

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 56-57 21/07/2021 13:44 Passing dredgers or works Water safety zones Pass on the side that’s showing the In some areas of the Canal & River Trust network ‘water safety green or white light or shape – not the zones’ have been established with signage at the entry/exit points side showing red. On canals, though, to highlight that these areas can be busy with unpowered craft. you may see both sides marked with red during the day – follow the Please take extra care in these These simple precautions will instructions given by the works crew. zones as serious injury and/or ensure the waterway network can damage will result from a collision. be shared safely by all craft. Sound signals

1 blast = going to the right Special safety tips 2 blasts = going to the left

3 Rules of the Waterway the of 3 Rules Being safe around rowers, paddlers and other unpowered craft. 3 blasts = I’m trying to stop or go backwards In the water safety zones and other areas of the waterways 4 Good Boating Behaviour 4 blasts – pause – 1 blast = turning round to the right popular with rowers, canoeists, kayaks, paddle boards and other 4 blasts – pause – 2 blasts = turning round to the left unpowered craft it is essential to follow the guidance below if we are to ensure the safety of unpowered and powered craft alike, 1 extra long blast = warning at tunnels, blind bends and junctions ´ Keep a careful look out – many ´ Observe ‘no mooring’ and Navigation lights As a result, if you see: unpowered craft such as other mooring restrictions rowing racing boats are low in such as on bends and in busy ´ A white light above a red one, It’s best not to cruise in the dark. If the water and can be hard to areas; these are in place to it’s likely to be a boat crossing you do, you must get information see. Please keep a sharp look ensure that navigation remains from your right to the left side from the navigation authority in out, particularly on bends and clear and safe for all craft charge of your waterway. The rules ´ White above green is likely to in poor visibility. Remember ´ In some places mooring is governing navigation lights are quite be a boat crossing left to right that rowers and canoeists train restricted to single width boats complex. As a guide, at night and in at all times of day and even ´ White above green and red means with no double mooring; please poor visibility, boats usually show: after dark (craft should have the boat is coming towards you abide by these restrictions. lights when in use after dark or White lights – front and back Rowing boat oars can be Alternatively unpowered craft where permitted in tunnels) up to 4m long, meaning a Green light – right side must show a single white light ´ Navigate slowly to avoid rowing racing boat can have a visible through 360deg. Red light – left side excessive wash and keep width of around 7m. Mooring to the right when passing restrictions are in place to oncoming unpowered craft ensure that powered and unpowered craft can pass Warning ´ Display appropriate lights safely and avoid collisions at night without dazzling Cruising at night can be dangerous. ´ Sound a horn at bends and when Moor up before it gets dark and avoid using locks at night. you see unpowered craft to alert Cruising after dark is not permitted by hire boat companies. them to your approach. See page 58 for Sound signals

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 58-59 21/07/2021 13:44 Caring for the system. If you have a closed toilet you can find them through www. water body where you found them. system, you may not need to use recycle-more.co.uk/bank-locator Clean all equipment, footwear and environment chemicals at all – so check your clothes thoroughly, then dry it for as manual. Composting toilets are long as possible. Some species can Please help to keep the waterways Protect wildlife intended to do just that – make live for many days in moist conditions. pleasant places for everyone who compost. If that’s not what you are When you go too fast, your wave can Try to keep areas on your boat clean, uses them – and for the wildlife that using the waste for or if you can’t keep damage banks and sensitive plants. If clear regularly where water can pool, depends on them. it stored until it’s ready to use, it will you see your wash hitting the bank, or vegetation can collect. still need to be disposed at an Elsan/ please slow down. Cut your speed and Download the Check, Clean Dry code Follow the Green Guide sanitary station (www.canalrivertrust. keep your distance when passing at www.nonnativespecies.org/ to Inland Boating org.uk/water-and-elsans) – if not nesting water birds too. Wildlife will checkcleandry properly composted it may still usually move out of the way as you The Green Blue, a joint venture by the contain dangerous bacteria such as E pass, but please try and avoid British Marine and the Royal Yachting Coli. Liquids go into the Elsan unit and disturbing wildlife, keep your distance Follow the Countryside Code Association, provides practical advice solids should be disposed of at a and try not to harm them. 4 Good Boating Behaviour and information on how to maintain, Respect other people 4 Good Boating Behaviour suitable composting site away from The side of the channel opposite the equip and operate your boat in an ´ Consider the local community and the canal. Solid waste from separator/ towpath is often especially rich in environmentally friendly manner. other people enjoying the composting toilets should not be wildlife, so take special care not to outdoors Follow the link on page 68 to read the disposed of in Canal & River Trust disturb plants or animals there. Don’t waste bins. Please don’t dump liquid full guide and the British Canoeing moor on this side unless there are ´ Leave gates and property as you leaflet You, your canoe and the and solid waste on the towpath or into proper mooring facilities. Try and limit find them and follow paths unless environment. the water, knowing that it hasn’t any damage to vegetation on the wider access is available composted properly. towpath side, we try to manage our Manage your waste It is permissible for the wastewater vegetation so there is safe access Protect the natural environment from sinks, showers, washing machines along the towpath and off boats, but Don’t pump oily water from your bilge ´ Leave no trace of your visit and and dishwashers to flow straight into we do leave areas for wildlife as well. into the waterway. Use an oil- take your litter home the waterway. However, normal absorbent sock or similar around the detergents and cleaning products Invasive Alien Species ´ Keep dogs under effective control pump intake. Well-maintained engines contain chemicals that can be harmful shouldn’t leak oil. Check the drip tray & Bio-security to fish and sensitive aquatic life. So to Enjoy the outdoors under the engine and gearbox help keep the water as healthy as Invasive (alien) species are a major regularly. If it starts getting oily, find ´ Plan ahead and be prepared possible, put your cooking waste in threat to our native wildlife, but also and mend the leak. Ideally use the bin, and use environmentally- cause damage to our waterways. ´ Follow advice and local signs biodegradable oils. friendly detergents. Many thrive in our waterways and are Avoid spilling petrol and diesel. If you spread on boat hulls and propellers, in There is a link to the full Please don’t throw any waste do, mop it up – don’t use detergents. bilges or engine cooling systems. Countryside Code on page 68. overboard – even apple cores take a Avoid spreading invasive species by The toilets on your boat mustn’t long time to rot. Litter can kill wildlife, If you encounter wildlife or animals in following the Check, Clean, Dry code. distress contact the RSPCA telephone discharge sewage into the waterway. and it can cause problems for other Check your boat or unpowered craft There are pump-out facilities for boaters by getting tangled in their for living animals and for bits of plant call 0990 55 59 99 (24 hours). chemical or closed toilet systems at propellers. There are plenty of waste where water can pool on deck, in marinas and sanitary stations (check disposal points at marinas and along cavities or where vegetation can catch navigation guides or authority’s the waterway. Although recycling like fenders, props, rudders and websites for details of locations). Use points are not universal at waste anchors. If you do come across any the minimum amount of chemicals to disposal points there are also plenty organisms, leave them in a bin at the avoid upsetting the sewage treatment of public sites near waterways and

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 60-61 21/07/2021 13:44 Stirling

Edinburgh Glasgow

What makes a good boater? Canal & River Trust Everyone deserves a place to escape. ´ Ask to share locks (and the work) navigations maximum To help you get yours, fellow boaters and don’t jump in front, especially if craft beam have come up with the following another boat is waiting or the lock Craft up to 2.15m (7ft) Newcastle guidelines: is set against you Upon Tyne Craft over 2.16m (7ft 1’’) ´ Go slow before, and during, ´ Take time to check all paddles Carlisle please check specific passing moored boats and gates are shut after you’ve waterway dimensions see used a lock ´ Only run your engine or generator www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/ planning-your-boat-trip between 8am and 8pm and be ´ Ease over if others want to neighbourly and considerate overtake Non Canal & River Trust Navigations ´ Revving engines, running ´ Keep to the centre of the channel

generators, unnecessary use of the when passing anglers – unless they Scale: 1:2,500,000 © Crown copyright and database rights, 2019, Ordnance Survey 100030994. 4 Good Boating Behaviour horn, loud music and shouting – ask otherwise. Reduce your wash, 4 Good Boating Behaviour can all be a real nuisance to other but keep a steady pace Lancaster people and wildlife, please try and York ´ Respect the natural and built fabric avoid these of the waterways Leeds Kingston ´ Don’t run the boat engine in gear Upon Hull ´ Report any pollution or fly-tipping when you are moored – it can to the Environment Agency damage the waterway wall or bank incident hotline on 0800 80 70 60 Manchester and disturb adjoining boats 24 hours Liverpool Sheffield ´ On mooring up at busy spots Bangor Lincoln check you haven’t left a big gap Please use waterway Chester and don’t overstay waste facilities Stoke-On-Trent ´ Don’t block the towpath or put Nottingham your mooring stakes or ropes responsibly Derby where people could trip over them Don’t over-fill bins or abandon waste Lichfield Norwich ´ Don’t moor opposite winding holes, on the floor outside bins/skips or put Leicester Peterborough on bends, or near to bridges general waste in recycling bins where Birmingham ´ Don’t hold an event on the these are provided. Misuse of bins is waterways without contacting the unpleasant for other users and neighbours; can attract pests and local waterway team to make the Worcester Cambridge vermin; and increases operating costs Bedford required arrangements Ipswich which could lead to increased boat Hereford MIlton Keynes ´ Bag it and bin it (especially your licence fees or reduce services.St Davids If a dog’s waste) – never fly tip on the Or Tyddewi waste site is full or there is some other Gloucester Luton towpath problem, please contact the operator Oxford St Albans Chelmsford ´ Only stay on a water point or a lock and take your waste to another site. Abertawe / Swansea landing when you’re filling up or Swindon Caerdydd locking through / Cardiff Bristol Reading Bath Canterbury Guildford Wells

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Southampton Brighton PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 62-63 Portsmouth and Hove 21/07/2021 13:45 Exeter Bournemouth

Plymouth Truro Contacts

The Cam Conservancy is responsible for navigation on the River Cam in Cambridge between Byron’s Pool and Bottisham Lock. For boating information call 01223 863785 or The Environment Agency is responsible for the River Thames, go to www.camconservancy.org Anglian waterways and the River Medway. For boating information call 03708 506506 or go to www.gov.uk/environmental-management/boating The Avon Navigation Trust is responsible for navigation on the To report an incident call 0800 80 70 60 24 hours 5 Further Information Warwickshire Avon between Tewkesbury and Stratford-upon-Avon. 5 Further Information To check river conditions call 0345 988 1188 24 hours. For boating information call 01386 552517, email Choose option 1 then enter the relevant quick dial extension: [email protected] or go to www.avonnavigationtrust.org Anglian waterways: River Medway: 032112 River Nene 012644 River conditions and Great Ouse – Bedford to St Ives 033211 strong stream warnings. The National Trust is responsible for navigation on the River Wey 033212 Great Ouse – St Ives to Earith To sign up to strong and Godalming Navigations between Godalming and Weybridge 031212 Ancholme stream advice on the on the River Thames. River Thames: Upper Medway boaters For boating information call 01483 561389 Upstream of St John’s Lock to 415000 need to contact Allington or go to www.nationaltrust.org.uk/river-wey-and-godalming-navigations- Radcot Lock Lock on 01622 752864, and-dapdune-wharf 415001 Rushey to Godstow Lock or email allington.lock@ 415002 Osney to Iffley Lock environment-agency.gov.uk 415003 Sandford to Clifton Lock 415004 Day’s to Mapledurham Lock The Port of London Authority is responsible for the tidal River Thames 415005 Caversham to Shiplake Lock from Teddington. 415006 Marsh to Boveney Lock 415007 Romney to Bell Weir Lock For boating information call 01474 562200 Leisure 415008 Penton Hook to Chertsey Lock or go to www.pla.co.uk and click on 415009 Shepperton to Teddington Lock 415010 River Kennet upstream of Blake’s Lock or go to www.gov.uk/check-river-conditions-and-closures The Middle Level Commissioners are the navigation authority for the Sign up to be sent free River Advice for Boaters messages navigable waters of the Middle Level system. for Anglian Waterways call 020302 55068, office hours, or email For boating information visit www.middlelevel.gov.uk [email protected] You will need to provide the following information: Your full name and address. A telephone number for a voice message, once we have The Bridgewater Canal is owned and operated by The Bridgewater this you can choose to also receive text and/or email messages. Canal Company Limited, part of The Peel Group, in conjunction with the Which river(s) you would like to receive the messages for (Great Bridgewater Canal Trust. Ouse, Nene, Ancholme). A security question password – we usually use your boat name or registration number if you have one For boating information visit www.bridgewatercanal.co.uk/boating

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Scottish Canals is responsible for the Caledonian, Forth & Clyde, Crinan, Union and Monkland canals. For boating information call 0141 332 6936 The Canal & River Trust is responsible for the majority of the or go to www.scottishcanals.co.uk/our-canals other canal and river navigations in England and Wales. In an emergency call 0800 0729900. Calls are answered by Police Scotland The 2,000 miles of canals and rivers the Trust looks after accommodate over 35,000 boats. These boats are home, holiday and workplace to

5 Further Information thousands of people and the Canal & River Trust is proud to support this 5 Further Information thriving community by safeguarding the canals and rivers. The Association of Inland Navigation Authorities can provide details for all other navigation authorities. The Trust supports all boaters and holiday makers to make the most of its historic waterways, however long their stay. Life is better on and by the Call 0844 335 1650, email [email protected] or go to www.aina.org.uk water and the Trust seeks to make sure as many people benefit from the waterways as possible. For boating information go to www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/boating For the emergency services and the Coastguard: To report an incident call 0303 040 4040 8am–6pm, Mon– Call 999 Fri, email [email protected] or complete a freepost form at canalrivertrust.org.uk/contact- us/reporting-an-incident-accident-or-near-miss British Canoeing – The national governing body for paddlesport In an emergency call 0800 47 999 47 24 hours in England Please ONLY use if the matter is genuinely urgent. Call 0300 011 9500, email [email protected] Navigation problem (e.g. broken-down lock, insufficient water in or go to www.britishcanoeing.org.uk the canal, fallen tree) call 0303 040 4040 8am–6pm, Mon–Fri. Out of hours emergencies call 0800 47 999 47. Depending on the Canoe Wales – The national governing body for paddlesport in Wales nature of the problem the Trust will do its best to fix it as soon www.canoewales.com as possible. We will prioritize emergencies. Please bear in mind that fewer staff are on duty out of weekday working hours. British Rowing – British Rowing is the governing body for the sport of rowing Sign up to get email and/or Twitter updates of stoppages and other notices @CRTnotices and www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/boating Call 020 8237 6700 or go to www.britishrowing.org and boaters update www.canalrivertrust.org.uk/boatersupdate

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Hire Boat Handover Knots for boating 5´0˝ 15´0˝ The RYA publish a ‘Pocket Guide 1.5m 4.5m 17´6˝ Hire boat companies 5.25m displaying this logo use the to Boating Knots’ as well as a Depth Width Headroom Overhead handover system endorsed full handbook, ‘Knots, Splices & limited limited limited cable by British Marine that is Ropework’ available from their designed to provide all the online shop: www.rya.org.uk/shop basic skills and knowledge You can see how to tie boating knots ´-0´´ you need before setting off on your by searching on www.youtube.com

5 Further Information boating holiday. Get details at 5 Further Information and on internet sites like Weir Speed limit www.britishmarine.co.uk/QAB www.animatedknots.com

Maps and local guides Caring for the environment

You need a good map and guide The Green Guide to Inland Boating: Keep to the Keep to the that shows locks, weirs, bridges, to read the full guide, go to right left tunnels and the like on your route. www.thegreenblue.org.uk and Hire boat companies, boatyards look under Leaflets & Resources and marinas usually stock them. The Inland Waterways Association The Countryside Code: shop has a wide range covering to read the full code, go to Cross channel to right all inland waterways: www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/ No turning www.waterways.org.uk/shop enjoying/countrysidecode An internet search using ‘canal You, your canoe and the environment: guides’ or ‘inland waterways To read the full advice go to: guides’ will also bring up a range www.britishcanoeing.org.uk and No overtaking Do not Sound horn Use this radio channel Move over or turn of possibilities, including Collins look under Environment & Access create wash in the direction Nicholsons Waterways Guides based on Ordnance Survey maps, Pearsons Canal Companions and Heron maps. Apps and internet-based guides Ferry Beware swimmers No motor boats provide other options. or divers

Keep boat forward of cill marker

Cill marker Canal & River Trust locks

Refuse Chemical closet Mooring Winding point disposal disposal unit often with time limit

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PR_#7335_CRT_BoatersHandbook2021_am1_160721_v2.indd 70-71 21/07/2021 13:45 Canal & River Trust British Marine At Canal & River Trust, we believe British Marine (BM) is the trade our waterways have the power to association for the leisure, superyacht make a real difference to people’s and small commercial marine industry. lives and that spending time by water makes us healthier and happier. We British Marine Inland Boating are the charity that cares for and brings to life 2,000 miles of canals British Marine Inland Boating is the and rivers across England & Wales. main trade body within BM for inland Our waterways transform places and waterway businesses, representing we bring communities together to over 140 companies offering create spaces that we can all enjoy. canal and river holidays in the UK. It encourages its members to send hirers an online link to this handbook Environment Agency before their holiday. The Environment Agency protects and improves the environment, Association of Inland Navigation working to create better places for Authorities people and wildlife, and supporting sustainable development. We are The Association of Inland Navigation the navigation authority for the Authorities (AINA) is the industry body rivers Ancholme, Glen, Great Ouse, in Great Britain representing authorities Lugg, Nene, Suffolk/Essex Stour, responsible for the management, Welland, Wye, Upper Medway and maintenance and operation of Thames as well as the Black Sluice navigable inland waterways for public Navigation. Around 29,000 boats are benefit. AINA endorses this important registered to use our waterways. initiative by its largest members.

Scottish Canals Safeguarding our heritage. Building our Future. We’re the custodians of Scotland’s canals – a vital part of our nation’s rich heritage, contributing to Scottish life for 250 years.

ISBN – 978-0-9556339-6-6

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