DOCUMENT RESUME ED 404 959 HE 029 982 AUTHOR Davis, Todd M., Ed. TITLE Open Doors 1995-1996: Reporton International Educational Exchange. INSTITUTION Institute of International Education, NewYork, N.Y. SPONS AGENCY United States Information Agency, Washington,DC. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. REPORT NO ISBN-087206-235-X; ISSN-0078-5172 PUB DATE 97 NOTE 181p.; Bound into the report isa 3.5 inch diskette entitled "ODDSTATS" which provides data toaccompany the 1995-1996 edition of Open Doors," presentedboth in DOS ASCII and Microsoft Excel formats;diskette not available from ERIC. AVAILABLE FROM IIE Books, Institute of Internal Education, P.O.Box 371, Annapolis Junction MD 20701-0371 ($39.95,plus $4 handling). PUB TYPE Statistical Data (110) Reports Research /Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC08 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS English (Second Language); *Enrollment; Expenditures; Foreign Nationals; *Foreign Students; Higher Education; *International Education; International Educational Exchange; International Programs; Paying for College; Student Characteristics; Student Exchange Programs; Student Financial Aid; *Student Mobility; *Study Abroad; Teacher Exchange Programs IDENTIFIERS Cooperative Institutional Research Program; International Student Satisfaction Report ABSTRACT This report examines current and historicaldata on international student mobility, basedon surveys of foreign students and scholars in the United States and U.S.students in study abroad programs and the Cooperative Institutional Research Program. The 65 data tables and 40 figures and accompanyingsummary text are organized as follows: (1) total number of foreignstudents in the United States;(2) foreign student enrollment by regionof origin, and (3) by country of origin;(4) undergraduate and graduate distribution by county or origin;(5) analyses of foreign students based on the Cooperative Institutional ResearchProgram Freshman Survey data and the International Student SatisfactionReport;(6) distribution of foreign students in the UnitedStates by county, region, and state; (7) primarysources of funding and estimated expenditures of foreign students;(8) foreign student enrollments by institution;(9) academic and personal characteristicsof foreign students; (10) numbers and destinations of U.S. studentsstudying abroad; (11) number and activities of foreignscholars on U.S. campuses; and (12) description of the methodology used.Several chapters contain brief essays that offer uniqueperspectives on different aspects of international education byseveral experts. A final brief chapter lists the data availableon the diskette and explains its use.(CH) 99 g Open report on international educational I U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION of "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS Office of Educational Research and Improvement MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY exchange EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Institute of flusdocument has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. International Education 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. BEST COPY AVAILABLE Points of view Or opinions slated in this docu- TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ment do not necessarily represent official OE RI position or policy. INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." 1:11 opendoors 1995/96 REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE Todd M. Davis, Editor Institute of International Education 809 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017-3580 3 Open Doors 95/96 Institute of International Education The Institute of International Education (11E) was founded in 1919 to promote peace and understanding through cultural and educational exchanges. Over the next 25 years IIE brought foreign scholars to lecture in U.S. universities, developed exchange programs with Europe and LatinAmerica,and began to publish studies and reports on international educational cooperation. In 1946 it began assisting the U.S. government in the adminis- tration of the Fulbright Graduate Fellowship Program,which has sponsored over 80,000 individuals to study abroad. At present IIE is the largest and most active nonprofit organization in the field of international educational exchange. It administers numerous programs on behalf of governments, foundations, corporations, universities, binational centers and interna- tional organizations. Each year it helps close to 10,000 individuals to participate in these sponsored programs and in IIE's international host activities. IIE reaches an additional 200,000 individuals annually through its educational services, which are made possible through contributions and grants to IIE.These services include free information and counseling, a research and reference library, conferences and seminars, and publications relating to the field of international education. The following IIE publications focus on foreign study in the United States and U.S. study abroad. They may be purchased from IIE Books. An order form is provided at the back of this book for your convenience. Open Doors: Report on International Educational Exchange (Annual) $39.95 Financial Resources for International Study $39.95 Funding for U.S. Study:A Guide for Internationals $49.95 Academic Year Abroad (Annual) $42.95 Vacation Study Abroad (Annual) $36.95 IIE Research In addition to these publications, the Research Division of IIE can produce tailored reports from two comprehensive data bases of international students in the United States for scholars and others interested in international educational exchange. For information and charges regarding these special reports, contact the Research Division, 11E, 809 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017-3580. Telephone: (212) 984-5345 Internet: [email protected] Fax: (212) 984-5452 Suggested Citation: Open Doors 1995/96: Report on International Educational Exchange, 1996. Todd M. Davis, ed. New York: Institute of International Education. The boundaries and other information shown on any map, or referenced in text or in any figure or table in this volume, do not imply any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries by the Institute of International Education or any instrumentality of the United States Government. Copyright ©1996 Institute of International Education.All rights reserved. No part of this book may be incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the Institute of International Education. Printed in the United States. ISBN: 087206-235-X ISSN: 0078-5172 II ill FOREWORD Student The post-modern era has seized us as Charles Jencks, one of the founders of the movement, has told us. We live and work in Exchange in the spaces that adhere to post-modern architectural and aesthetic principles.We are employed in occupations that our grandpar- Post-Modern Era ents would not understand. Even our politics and international relations can be characterized as post-modern. Jencks suggests that the ideas of"plurality," boundary blurring and mixed genres are key dimensions of the current condition. Rather than reject- ing the modern as the modern rejected the classical, post- modern thinking acknowledges the modern and pushes beyond it. International student mobility can be understood as having moved through distinct phases.We can look back to the grand tours and elite exchanges that characterized the pre-war era and label that era as "classical" in that they occurred for academic and social purposes by an academic and economic elite.The "modern" era of exchange began after the Second World War when the U.S. government massively funded reeducation pro- grams for Germans and Japanese. During the next 40 years as the Cold War deepened, exchange in the service of the state was sustained and expanded. Exchange became a means of maintain- ing solidarity with our allies, showcasing American style welfare- capitalism to third world countries, and building the economies of emerging allies in the hopes of making them more resistant to Communism.With the end of the Cold War, the fundamental rationales for "modern" exchange melted away. Now, in the post- modern era, transnational flows of students occur largely with- out the benefit of government support.They are driven by individuals who recognize that future prosperity will exist for those who can thrive in the global web of commercial, cultural and information transactions. III b Open Doors 95/96 As I reflect on how certain we were about the role of exchange during the Cold War I am reminded of our shallow dialogue during the last six years about the future of exchange. Important questions which have not received adequate discussion include the following: what is the role of government in transnational student mobility? Does it have a role and should it? Will the United States continue to attract and retain some of the best young technical minds in the world, now that many Asian coun- tries have begun to reap the benefits of developed educational and economic infrastructures? How will this country protect its domestic labor force from international competition or should we? What are the characteristics of the international students that American higher education will attract in the 21st century, how are they changing and should we care? In the global net- work, will American college students have the knowledge of others to successfully compete? My hope is that, this year, concerned parties will begin to fashion a national consensus on international student mobility and to this end Open Doors