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Idaho Fish and Game Species Account: Spiranthes diluvialis HOME Spiranthes diluvialis Sheviak Ute ladies' tresses HUNTING Orchidaceae (Orchid family) FISHING General Description: A perennial orchid with one, or sometimes multiple LICENSES / TAGS stems 15-50 cm tall arising from tuberously thickened roots. The linear, FISH / WILDLIFE mostly basal leaves are about 1 cm wide and up to about 30 cm long. The EDUCATION longest leaves arise from the base of the stem and persist through flowering. The inflorescence is up to about 15 cm NEWS / PUBLICATIONS long and contains a few to many white flowers arranged in a three-ranked Photo © Robert K. Moseley TECHNICAL / RESEARCH spiral spike. Flowers are 7-15 mm long CLICK PHOTO FOR A LARGER IMAGE and ascending or perpendicular to the ABOUT FISH AND GAME stem. The oval to lance-shaped lip petal is somewhat constricted in the middle and has wavy margins. Sepals are free or slightly fused at the base; the lateral ones often spreading abruptly from the flower base. Illustration. Field Identification Tips: Ute ladies' tresses is characterized by stout, whitish, gaping flowers in a spirally arranged spike at the end of the stem. Its sepals are not fused, but instead are free or nearly so to the base. The lip petal is oval to lance-shaped in outline, and has a marked median constriction. It also has crispy-wavy margins and mostly parallel venation. The upper stem is sparsely to densely glandular-pubescent. Persistent leaves are largely restricted to the base, with the others reduced to bracts by flowering time. Phenology: In Idaho, plants typically begin to flower around mid-August, extending to mid- September. Similar Species: Two other Spiranthes species are known to occur in Idaho. Flowers are needed to reliably distinguish them from Ute ladies' tresses. Spiranthes porrifolia (western ladies' tresses) is known from a population in northern Idaho. It has http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/cms/tech/CDC/spp_accounts_plants/spidil.cfm (1 of 3) [5/20/2009 2:08:44 PM] Species Account: Spiranthes diluvialis slenderly tubular flowers, lateral sepals fused below the tip, and a Photo © Robert K. Moseley CLICK PHOTO FOR A LARGER IMAGE dense cushion of short, peg-like projections on the upper surface of the lip, just behind the apex. Spiranthes romanzoffiana (hooded ladies' tresses) is the species most likely to cause confusion with Ute ladies' tresses in Idaho and is known to co-occur with Ute ladies tresses at several sites in the state. Spiranthes romanzoffiana is distinguished by having sepals fused for some length and united with the petals to form a prominent hood above the lip. It also has a more deeply constricted lip petal, and generally more densely congested spikes than Ute ladies' tresses. In addition, the peak flowering period for S. romanzoffiana is typically a little earlier in the season in Idaho. As a result, flowers on the majority of S. romanzoffiana plants will appear faded or with fruits when the majority of Ute ladies' tresses flowers are in prime condition or still with buds. Another co-occurring orchid with similar vegetative features is Platanthera hyperborea (Habenaria hyperborea; northern green bog orchid). This species has small greenish flowers and typically blooms much earlier than Ute ladies' tresses. It is also typically much larger in size, with more leaves occurring higher up the stem, and many more flowers in the inflorescence. Habitat: Subirrigated, alluvial soils along streams and rivers and their floodplains, including abandoned river channels, wet meadows, and open seepy areas. In Idaho, Ute ladies tresses is known from several wetland community types, the most common two being the Salix exigua/mesic graminoid and mesic graminoid types. Others include the Elaeagnus commutata/ mesic graminoid; Eleocharis Photo © Robert K. Moseley rostellata; Equisetum spp., and CLICK PHOTO FOR A LARGER IMAGE Carex lanuginosa types. Commonly associated species include Agrostis stolonifera, Poa pratensis, and Muhlenbergia richardsonis. Global Distribution: Western Nebraska and southeastern Wyoming, west across the Rocky Mountain and Intermountain regions to the Okanogan Valley of north-central Washington, and south into the Great Basin of southeastern Nevada and northern and south-central Utah. Its distribution is very discontinuous within this range, which encompasses eight states: Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, and Washington. Idaho Distribution: South Fork of the Snake River floodplain in Jefferson, Madison, and Bonneville counties, and the Henrys Fork River near St. Anthony in Fremont County. References: http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/cms/tech/CDC/spp_accounts_plants/spidil.cfm (2 of 3) [5/20/2009 2:08:44 PM] Species Account: Spiranthes diluvialis Atwood, D., J. Holland, R. Bolander, B. Franklin, D. House, L. Armstrong, K. Thorne, and L. England. 1991. Utah threatened, endangered, and sensitive plant field guide. U.S. Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT., and other cooperators. Moseley, R. K. 1998. Ute ladies' tresses (Spiranthes diluvialis) in Idaho: 1997 status report. Idaho Photo © Robert K. Moseley Department of Fish and Game, CLICK PHOTO FOR A LARGER IMAGE Conservation Data Center, Boise, ID. 35 pp. Moseley, R., and C. Murphy. 2002. Ute ladies' tresses (Spiranthes diluvialis) in Idaho: 1999 and 2000 status report. Technical Bulletin No. 02-1. Idaho Bureau of Land Management, Boise, ID. Sheviak, C. J. 1984. Spiranthes diluvialis (Orchidaceae), a new species from the western United States. Brittonia 36(1): 8-14. Spackman, S., B. Jennings, J. Coles, C. Dawson, M. Minton, A. Kratz, and C. Spurrier. 1997. Colorado rare plant field guide. Bureau of Land Management, Lakewood, CO, and other cooperators. Photo © Robert K. Moseley Szalanski, A. L., G. Steinauer, R. CLICK PHOTO FOR A LARGER IMAGE Bischof, and J. Petersen. 2001. Origin and conservation genetics of the threatened Ute ladies' tresses, Spiranthes diluvialis (Orchidaceae). American Journal of Botany 88(1): 177-180. CONTACT TERMS AND PRIVACY MISSION © 2009 EMPLOYMENT US CONDITIONS POLICY STATEMENT Idaho Fish and Game http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/cms/tech/CDC/spp_accounts_plants/spidil.cfm (3 of 3) [5/20/2009 2:08:44 PM].
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