Famous Scientists and Their Inventions
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The Early Years of the Acoustic Phonograph Its Developmental Origins and Fall from Favor 1877-1929
THE EARLY YEARS OF THE ACOUSTIC PHONOGRAPH ITS DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS AND FALL FROM FAVOR 1877-1929 by CARL R. MC QUEARY A SENIOR THESIS IN HISTORICAL AMERICAN TECHNOLOGIES Submitted to the General Studies Committee of the College of Arts and Sciences of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of BACHELOR OF GENERAL STUDIES Approved Accepted Director of General Studies March, 1990 0^ Ac T 3> ^"^^ DEDICATION No. 2) This thesis would not have been possible without the love and support of my wife Laura, who has continued to love me even when I had phonograph parts scattered through out the house. Thanks also to my loving parents, who have always been there for me. The Early Years of the Acoustic Phonograph Its developmental origins and fall from favor 1877-1929 "Mary had a little lamb, its fleece was white as snov^. And everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to go." With the recitation of a child's nursery rhyme, thirty-year- old Thomas Alva Edison ushered in a bright new age--the age of recorded sound. Edison's successful reproduction and recording of the human voice was the end result of countless hours of work on his part and represented the culmination of mankind's attempts, over thousands of years, to capture and reproduce the sounds and rhythms of his own vocal utterances as well as those of his environment. Although the industry that Edison spawned continues to this day, the phonograph is much changed, and little resembles the simple acoustical marvel that Edison created. -
Dr. Julie Brown, CTO of UDC, Awarded Prestigious 2020 Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize from the Society of Information Display
8/3/2020 Dr. Julie Brown, CTO of UDC, Awarded Prestigious 2020 Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize from the Society of Information Display Dr. Mike Weaver, VP of UDC, Honored with 2020 SID Fellow Award EWING, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Universal Display Corporation (Nasdaq: OLED), enabling energy-efficient displays and lighting with its UniversalPHOLED® technology and materials, today announced that Dr. Julie Brown, Senior Vice President and Chief Technical Officer, was awarded the 2020 Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize by the Society of Information Display (SID). Additionally, Dr. Mike Weaver, Vice President of PHOLED R&D, was named a 2020 SID Fellow. The Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize was awarded to Dr. Brown for her outstanding technical achievements and contributions to the development and commercialization of phosphorescent OLED materials and display technology. The Society for Information Display created this prize in 1987 in honor of the German physicist and Nobel Laureate Karl Ferdinand Braun who invented the cathode-ray tube (CRT). Dr. Brown has been a leading innovator in the discovery and development of state-of-the-art OLED technologies and materials for display and lighting applications for over two decades, and is the first woman to be awarded this prestigious prize. Joining Universal Display (UDC) in 1998, Dr. Brown leads a global team of unique chemists, physicists and engineers and spearheads the R&D vision of UDC, from its start-up years to its successful commercial present, and continues to create and shape the Company’s innovation strategy for its future growth. The distinction of Fellow honors an SID member of outstanding qualifications and experience as a scientist or engineer in the field of information display. -
Von Richthofen, Einstein and the AGA Estimating Achievement from Fame
Von Richthofen, Einstein and the AGA Estimating achievement from fame Every schoolboy has heard of Einstein; fewer have heard of Antoine Becquerel; almost nobody has heard of Nils Dalén. Yet they all won Nobel Prizes for Physics. Can we gauge a scientist’s achievements by his or her fame? If so, how? And how do fighter pilots help? Mikhail Simkin and Vwani Roychowdhury look for the linkages. “It was a famous victory.” We instinctively rank the had published. However, in 2001–2002 popular French achievements of great men and women by how famous TV presenters Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff published they are. But is instinct enough? And how exactly does a great man’s fame relate to the greatness of his achieve- ment? Some achievements are easy to quantify. Such is the case with fighter pilots of the First World War. Their achievements can be easily measured and ranked, in terms of their victories – the number of enemy planes they shot down. These aces achieved varying degrees of fame, which have lasted down to the internet age. A few years ago we compared1 the fame of First World War fighter pilot aces (measured in Google hits) with their achievement (measured in victories); and we found that We can estimate fame grows exponentially with achievement. fame from Google; Is the same true in other areas of excellence? Bagrow et al. have studied the relationship between can this tell us 2 achievement and fame for physicists . The relationship Manfred von Richthofen (in cockpit) with members of his so- about actual they found was linear. -
The Marriage That Almost Was Western Union Has Always Been R.Idiculed for Rejecting the All Telephone
RETROSPECTIVE .Innovation The marriage that almost was Western Union has always been r.idiculed for rejecting the telephone. But what actually happened wasn't so ridiculous after all The hirth of the telephone.,-one hundred years ago railway and illuminating gas to Cambridge, Mass. this month-is a fascinating story of the geJ;Jius and Long intrigued by telegraphy, he decided to do persistence of on.e man. In addition, it is an instruc something about what he called "this monopoly tive demonstration of how an industrial giant, in with its inflated capital which serves its stockhold this case the Western Union Telegraph Co., can ers better than the 'public and whose:rates are ex miss its chance to foster an industry-creating orbitant and prohibiting of many kinds of busi breakthrough-something that has happened again ness." Between 1868 and 1874, he lobbied unceas and again in electronics and other fields. ingly, shuttling back and forth betweep. homes in Between ·1875 and 1879, Western Union's chiefs Boston and Washington. for a private "postal tele engaged in an intricate minuet with Alexander graph company" to be chartered by Congress but Graham Bell and his associates. On more than one with Hubbard and some of his friends among the occasion, the telegraph colossus came excruciating incorporators. As Hubbard envisioned it, the com ly close to absorbing the small group of ~ntre pany would build telegraph lines along the nation's preneurs, That the absorption was finally avoided rail and post roads and contract with the Post was probably the result of a technological gamble Office Department to send telegrams on its wires ~t that simply didn't payoff, as rates roughly half those being charged by Western ••• The place: the ollie of well as a clash of personali Union. -
Nanoscience Education
Livre de Lyon Academic Works of Livre de Lyon Educational Sciences 2020 NANOSCIENCE EDUCATION Ruhan Benlikaya Balikesir University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://academicworks.livredelyon.com/edu_sci Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Benlikaya, Ruhan, "NANOSCIENCE EDUCATION" (2020). Educational Sciences. 35. https://academicworks.livredelyon.com/edu_sci/35 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by Livre de Lyon, an international publisher specializing in academic books and journals. Browse more titles on Academic Works of Livre de Lyon, hosted on Digital Commons, an Elsevier platform. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ACADEMIC STUDIES IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES Editor Prof. Dr. Hulya GUR Lyon 2020 Editor • Prof. Dr. Hulya GUR 0000-0001-8479-8811 Cover Design • Aruull Raja First Published • December 2020, Lyon ISBN: 978-2-38236-041-5 © copyright All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by an means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the publisher’s permission. The chapters in this book have been checked for plagiarism by Publisher • Livre de Lyon Address • 37 rue marietton, 69009, Lyon France website • http://www.livredelyon.com e-mail • [email protected] PREFACE This book provides a detailed and up-to-date overview of works in education, science and mathematics education. This book is informative for especially educators, reseachers, academics, postgraduate students, preservive teachers, teachers and school leaders own development. It gives suggestions to educators, reseachers, academics, postgraduate students, preservive teachers, teachers, school leadersand policy makers and so on.. -
Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress
ANNUAL REPO R T O F THE LIBR ARIAN OF CONGRESS ANNUAL REPORT OF T HE L IBRARIAN OF CONGRESS For the Fiscal Year Ending September , Washington Library of Congress Independence Avenue, S.E. Washington, DC For the Library of Congress on the World Wide Web visit: <www.loc.gov>. The annual report is published through the Public Affairs Office, Office of the Librarian, Library of Congress, Washington, DC -, and the Publishing Office, Library Services, Library of Congress, Washington, DC -. Telephone () - (Public Affairs) or () - (Publishing). Managing Editor: Audrey Fischer Copyediting: Publications Professionals LLC Indexer: Victoria Agee, Agee Indexing Design and Composition: Anne Theilgard, Kachergis Book Design Production Manager: Gloria Baskerville-Holmes Assistant Production Manager: Clarke Allen Library of Congress Catalog Card Number - - Key title: Annual Report of the Librarian of Congress For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP Washington, DC - A Letter from the Librarian of Congress / vii Library of Congress Officers and Consultants / ix Organization Chart / x Library of Congress Committees / xiii Highlights of / Library of Congress Bicentennial / Bicentennial Chronology / Congressional Research Service / Copyright Office / Law Library of Congress / Library Services / National Digital Library Program / Office of the Librarian / A. Bicentennial / . Steering Committee / . Local Legacies / . Exhibitions / . Publications / . Symposia / . Concerts: I Hear America Singing / . Living Legends / . Commemorative Coins / . Commemorative Stamp: Second-Day Issue Sites / . Gifts to the Nation / . International Gifts to the Nation / v vi Contents B. Major Events at the Library / C. The Librarian’s Testimony / D. Advisory Bodies / E. Honors / F. Selected Acquisitions / G. Exhibitions / H. Online Collections and Exhibitions / I. -
Communications-Mathematics and Applied Mathematics/Download/8110
A Mathematician's Journey to the Edge of the Universe "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." ― Socrates Manjunath.R #16/1, 8th Main Road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore560010, Karnataka, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] *Website: http://www.myw3schools.com/ A Mathematician's Journey to the Edge of the Universe What’s the Ultimate Question? Since the dawn of the history of science from Copernicus (who took the details of Ptolemy, and found a way to look at the same construction from a slightly different perspective and discover that the Earth is not the center of the universe) and Galileo to the present, we (a hoard of talking monkeys who's consciousness is from a collection of connected neurons − hammering away on typewriters and by pure chance eventually ranging the values for the (fundamental) numbers that would allow the development of any form of intelligent life) have gazed at the stars and attempted to chart the heavens and still discovering the fundamental laws of nature often get asked: What is Dark Matter? ... What is Dark Energy? ... What Came Before the Big Bang? ... What's Inside a Black Hole? ... Will the universe continue expanding? Will it just stop or even begin to contract? Are We Alone? Beginning at Stonehenge and ending with the current crisis in String Theory, the story of this eternal question to uncover the mysteries of the universe describes a narrative that includes some of the greatest discoveries of all time and leading personalities, including Aristotle, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton, and the rise to the modern era of Einstein, Eddington, and Hawking. -
November 2019
A selection of some recent arrivals November 2019 Rare and important books & manuscripts in science and medicine, by Christian Westergaard. Flæsketorvet 68 – 1711 København V – Denmark Cell: (+45)27628014 www.sophiararebooks.com AMPÈRE, André-Marie. THE FOUNDATION OF ELECTRO- DYNAMICS, INSCRIBED BY AMPÈRE AMPÈRE, Andre-Marie. Mémoires sur l’action mutuelle de deux courans électri- ques, sur celle qui existe entre un courant électrique et un aimant ou le globe terres- tre, et celle de deux aimans l’un sur l’autre. [Paris: Feugeray, 1821]. $22,500 8vo (219 x 133mm), pp. [3], 4-112 with five folding engraved plates (a few faint scattered spots). Original pink wrappers, uncut (lacking backstrip, one cord partly broken with a few leaves just holding, slightly darkened, chip to corner of upper cov- er); modern cloth box. An untouched copy in its original state. First edition, probable first issue, extremely rare and inscribed by Ampère, of this continually evolving collection of important memoirs on electrodynamics by Ampère and others. “Ampère had originally intended the collection to contain all the articles published on his theory of electrodynamics since 1820, but as he pre- pared copy new articles on the subject continued to appear, so that the fascicles, which apparently began publication in 1821, were in a constant state of revision, with at least five versions of the collection appearing between 1821 and 1823 un- der different titles” (Norman). The collection begins with ‘Mémoires sur l’action mutuelle de deux courans électriques’, Ampère’s “first great memoir on electrody- namics” (DSB), representing his first response to the demonstration on 21 April 1820 by the Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) that electric currents create magnetic fields; this had been reported by François Arago (1786- 1853) to an astonished Académie des Sciences on 4 September. -
Inventing Television: Transnational Networks of Co-Operation and Rivalry, 1870-1936
Inventing Television: Transnational Networks of Co-operation and Rivalry, 1870-1936 A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the faculty of Life Sciences 2011 Paul Marshall Table of contents List of figures .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 3 .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 4 .............................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 5 .............................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 6 .............................................................................................................. 9 List of tables ................................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 1 .............................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 6 .............................................................................................................. 9 Abstract .................................................................................................................... -
Cathode Ray Tube
Cathode ray tube Quick reference guide Introduction The Cathode Ray Tube or Braun’s Tube was invented by the German physicist Karl Ferdinand Braun in 1897 and is today used in computer monitors, TV sets and oscilloscope tubes. The path of the electrons in the tube filled with a low pressure rare gas can be observed in a darkened room as a trace of light. Electron beam deflection can be effected by means of either an electrical or a magnetic field. Functional principle • The source of the electron beam is the electron gun, which produces a stream of electrons through thermionic emission at the heated cathode and focuses it into a thin beam by the control grid (or “Wehnelt cylinder”). • A strong electric field between cathode and anode accelerates the electrons, before they leave the electron gun through a small hole in the anode. • The electron beam can be deflected by a capacitor or coils in a way which causes it to display an image on the screen. The image may represent electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), echoes of aircraft detected by radar etc. • When electrons strike the fluorescent screen, light is emitted. • The whole configuration is placed in a vacuum tube to avoid collisions between electrons and gas molecules of the air, which would attenuate the beam. Flourescent screen Cathode Control grid Anode UA - 1 - CERN Teachers Lab Cathode ray tube Safety precautions • Don’t touch cathode ray tube and cables during operation, voltages of 300 V are used in this experiment! • Do not exert mechanical force on the tube, danger of implosions! ! Experimental procedure 1. -
Rethinking 'Classical Physics'
This is a repository copy of Rethinking 'Classical Physics'. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/95198/ Version: Accepted Version Book Section: Gooday, G and Mitchell, D (2013) Rethinking 'Classical Physics'. In: Buchwald, JZ and Fox, R, (eds.) Oxford Handbook of the History of Physics. Oxford University Press , Oxford, UK; New York, NY, USA , pp. 721-764. ISBN 9780199696253 © Oxford University Press 2013. This is an author produced version of a chapter published in The Oxford Handbook of the History of Physics. Reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press. Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 Rethinking ‘Classical Physics’ Graeme Gooday (Leeds) & Daniel Mitchell (Hong Kong) Chapter for Robert Fox & Jed Buchwald, editors Oxford Handbook of the History of Physics (Oxford University Press, in preparation) What is ‘classical physics’? Physicists have typically treated it as a useful and unproblematic category to characterize their discipline from Newton until the advent of ‘modern physics’ in the early twentieth century. -
The Penn Discourse Treebank 2.0 Annotation Manual
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons IRCS Technical Reports Series Institute for Research in Cognitive Science 12-17-2007 The Penn Discourse Treebank 2.0 Annotation Manual Rashmi Prasad University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Eleni Miltsakaki University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Nikhil Dinesh University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Alan Lee University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Aravind Joshi University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Computer Engineering Commons Prasad, Rashmi; Miltsakaki, Eleni; Dinesh, Nikhil; Lee, Alan; Joshi, Aravind; Robaldo, Livio; and Webber, Bonnie L., "The Penn Discourse Treebank 2.0 Annotation Manual" (2007). IRCS Technical Reports Series. 203. https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/203 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/203 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Penn Discourse Treebank 2.0 Annotation Manual Abstract This report contains the guidelines for the annotation of discourse relations in the Penn Discourse Treebank (http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~pdtb), PDTB. Discourse relations in the PDTB are annotated in a bottom up fashion, and capture both lexically realized relations as well as implicit relations. Guidelines in this report are provided for all aspects of the annotation, including annotation explicit discourse connectives, implicit relations, arguments of relations, senses of relations, and the attribution of relations and their arguments. The report also provides descriptions of the annotation format representation. Keywords natural language processing, discourse analysis, discourse structure, discourse coherence, annotation Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Computer Engineering Author(s) Rashmi Prasad, Eleni Miltsakaki, Nikhil Dinesh, Alan Lee, Aravind Joshi, Livio Robaldo, and Bonnie L.