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The Next-Gen Apertis Application Framework 1 Contents
The next-gen Apertis application framework 1 Contents 2 Creating a vibrant ecosystem ....................... 2 3 The next-generation Apertis application framework ........... 3 4 Application runtime: Flatpak ....................... 4 5 Compositor: libweston ........................... 6 6 Audio management: PipeWire and WirePlumber ............ 7 7 Session management: systemd ....................... 7 8 Software distribution: hawkBit ...................... 8 9 Evaluation .................................. 8 10 Focus on the development user experience ................ 12 11 Legacy Apertis application framework 13 12 High level implementation plan for the next-generation Apertis 13 application framework 14 14 Flatpak on the Apertis images ...................... 15 15 The Apertis Flatpak application runtime ................. 15 16 Implement a new reference graphical shell/compositor ......... 16 17 Switch to PipeWire for audio management ................ 16 18 AppArmor support ............................. 17 19 The app-store ................................ 17 20 As a platform, Apertis needs a vibrant ecosystem to thrive, and one of the 21 foundations of such ecosystem is being friendly to application developers and 22 product teams. Product teams and application developers are more likely to 23 choose Apertis if it offers flows for building, shipping, and updating applications 24 that are convenient, cheap, and that require low maintenance. 25 To reach that goal, a key guideline is to closely align to upstream solutions 26 that address those needs and integrate them into Apertis, to provide to appli- 27 cation authors a framework that is made of proven, stable, complete, and well 28 documented components. 29 The cornerstone of this new approach is the adoption of Flatpak, the modern 30 application system already officially supported on more than 20 Linux distribu- 1 31 tions , including Ubuntu, Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise, Alpine, Arch, Debian, 32 ChromeOS, and Raspian. -
On Package Freshness in Linux Distributions Work in Progress
On Package Freshness in Linux Distributions Work in progress Damien Legay, Alexandre Decan, Tom Mens Software Engineering Lab University of Mons Legay, Decan, Mens On Package Freshness in Linux Distributions 1 Linux Distributions Legay, Decan, Mens On Package Freshness in Linux Distributions 2 Distribution Focus Distros emphasise different aspects: § Stability: § Debian (Stable) § CentOS § Security: § Qubes OS § Parrot Security OS § Alpine Linux § Package Freshness (how up to date compared to upstream): § Arch Linux § OpenSUSE Tumbleweed § Gentoo Legay, Decan, Mens On Package Freshness in Linux Distributions 3 Survey § First part of mixed study, empirical analyses in future § CHAOSSCon / FOSDEM § 68 participants § Questions: § Distros used § Perception of freshness § Importance of freshness § Motivations to update § Mechanisms used to update Legay, Decan, Mens On Package Freshness in Linux Distributions 4 Distributions Used Distribution First Second Third Total Ubuntu LTS 22 13 3 38 Debian Stable 13 9 8 30 Ubuntu 13 7 9 20 Debian Testing 5 8 2 15 Arch 8 4 2 14 CentOS 0 8 2 10 Mint 2 4 3 9 Fedora 3 4 1 8 Misc Others 2 6 2 10 Legay, Decan, Mens On Package Freshness in Linux Distributions 6 Package Categories Asked about 6 package categories: § Open source end-user software (OSS): LibreOffice, Firefox, GIMP… § Proprietary end-user software (PS): Adobe Reader, Skype, Spotify… § Development tools (DT): Emacs, Eclipse, git … § System tools and libraries (STL): openSSL, zsh, sudo … § Programing language runtimes (PLR): Python, Java… § Programing -
Snap Vs Flatpak Vs Appimage: Know the Differences | Which Is Better
Published on Tux Machines (http://www.tuxmachines.org) Home > content > Snap vs Flatpak vs AppImage: Know The Differences | Which is Better Snap vs Flatpak vs AppImage: Know The Differences | Which is Better By Rianne Schestowitz Created 08/12/2020 - 8:29pm Submitted by Rianne Schestowitz on Tuesday 8th of December 2020 08:29:48 PM Filed under Software [1] Every Linux distribution has its own package manager tool or command-line based repository system to update, install, remove, and manage packages on the system. Despite having a native package manager, sometimes you may need to use a third-party package manager on your Linux system to get the latest version of a package to avoid repository errors and server errors. In the entire post, we have seen the comparison between Snap, AppImage, and Flatpak. Snap, Flatpak, and AppImage; all have their pros and cons. In my opinion, I will always prefer the Flatpak package manager in the first place. If I can?t find any packages on Flatpak, then I?ll go for the AppImage. And finally, Snap is an excellent store of applications, but it still requires some development. I would go to the Snap store for proprietary or semi-proprietary applications than main applications. Please share it with your friends and the Linux community if you find this post useful and informative. Let us know which package manager do you prefer to use on your Linux system. You can write also write down your opinions regarding this post in the comment section. [2] Software Source URL: http://www.tuxmachines.org/node/145224 Links: [1] http://www.tuxmachines.org/taxonomy/term/38 [2] https://www.ubuntupit.com/snap-vs-flatpak-vs-appimage-know-the-difference/. -
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS – Das Umfassende Handbuch 1145 Seiten, Gebunden, Mit DVD, 9
Wissen, wie’s geht. Leseprobe Ob Sie Einsteiger oder fortgeschrittener Ubuntu-User sind: Von der Installation bis zur Administration (Desktop und Server) zeigt Ihnen dieses Standardwerk, was Sie für Ihre Arbeit mit der beliebtesten Linux-Distribution benötigen. In dieser Leseprobe finden Sie nicht nur interessante Ubuntu-Grundlagen, sondern können außerdem einen Blick darauf werfen, wie tief Sie mit diesem Buch bei Bedarf in diese spannende Linux-Distribution eintauchen können. »Vorwort und Leitfaden für die Nutzung« »Die Wurzeln von Ubuntu« »Ubuntu ohne Risiko ausprobieren und Daten retten« »Daten sichern, migrieren und synchronisieren »Erste Schritte mit dem Unity-Desktop« »Datensicherung und Sicherheit« Inhaltsverzeichnis Index Der Autor Leseprobe weiterempfehlen Marcus Fischer Ubuntu 16.04 LTS – Das umfassende Handbuch 1145 Seiten, gebunden, mit DVD, 9. Auflage 2016 49,90 Euro, ISBN 978-3-8362-4299-8 www.rheinwerk-verlag.de/4214 Vorwort Vorwort Ein Betriebssystem auf GNU/Linux-Basis wurde früher lediglich von Spezialisten, Informa- tikern und besonders mutigen Nutzern verwendet. Technisch weit fortgeschritten, aber für einen Normalnutzer unbedienbar war die weit verbreitete Meinung. Dies änderte sich 2004, als einige erfahrene Entwickler sich zusammentaten, die Firma Canonical gründeten und ein kostenloses Betriebssystem namens Ubuntu entwickelten. Ubuntu sollte GNU/Linux aus der Expertenecke befreien und durch Benutzerfreundlichkeit einer breiten Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht werden. Nicht alle Wege, die während der Entwicklung eingeschlagen wurden, waren von Erfolg ge- krönt, aber Ubuntu hat es wie kein zweites GNU/Linux-Betriebssystem geschafft, derart viele Nutzer von z. B. Windows zu einem Umstieg zu bewegen. Über die genauen Zahlen gibt es kein gesichertes Wissen, aber Canonical geht aufgrund der Downloadzahlen von inzwischen mehreren hundert Millionen Nutzern aus, die das System auf Notebooks, PCs, Servern und in virtuellen Maschinen nutzen. -
Flatpak a Desktop Version of Containers
Flatpak a desktop version of containers Alexander Larsson, Red Hat What is Flatpak? A distribution-independent, Linux-based application distribution and deployment mechanism for desktop applications distribution-independent ● run on any distribution ● build on any distribution ● Any version of the distribution Linux-based ● Flatpak runs only on Linux ● Uses linux-specific features ● However, needs to run on older kernel ● Current minimum target – RHEL 7 – Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial) – Debian 9 (Stretch) Distribution mechanism ● Built in support for install ● Built in support for updates ● Anyone can set up a repository Deployment mechanism ● Run apps in a controlled environment – “container” ● Sandbox for improved security – Default sandbox is very limited – Apps can ask for more permissions Desktop application ● Focus on GUI apps ● No root permissions ● Automatically integrates with desktop ● App lifetimes are ad-hoc and transient ● Nothing assumes a “sysadmin” being available How is flatpak different from containers Filesystem layout Docker requirements ● Examples: – REST API micro-service – Website back-end ● Few dependencies, all hand-picked ● Runs as a daemon user ● Writes to nonstandard locations in file-system ● Not a lot of integration with host – DNS – Port forwarding – Volumes for data ● No access to host filesystem ● Updates are managed Docker layout ● One image for the whole fs – Bring your own dependencies – Layout up to each app ● Independent of host filesystem layout Flatpak requirements ● Examples – Firefox – Spotify – gedit -
SPI Annual Report 2015
Software in the Public Interest, Inc. 2015 Annual Report July 12, 2016 To the membership, board and friends of Software in the Public Interest, Inc: As mandated by Article 8 of the SPI Bylaws, I respectfully submit this annual report on the activities of Software in the Public Interest, Inc. and extend my thanks to all of those who contributed to the mission of SPI in the past year. { Martin Michlmayr, SPI Secretary 1 Contents 1 President's Welcome3 2 Committee Reports4 2.1 Membership Committee.......................4 2.1.1 Statistics...........................4 3 Board Report5 3.1 Board Members............................5 3.2 Board Changes............................6 3.3 Elections................................6 4 Treasurer's Report7 4.1 Income Statement..........................7 4.2 Balance Sheet............................. 13 5 Member Project Reports 16 5.1 New Associated Projects....................... 16 5.2 Updates from Associated Projects................. 16 5.2.1 0 A.D.............................. 16 5.2.2 Chakra............................ 16 5.2.3 Debian............................. 17 5.2.4 Drizzle............................. 17 5.2.5 FFmpeg............................ 18 5.2.6 GNU TeXmacs........................ 18 5.2.7 Jenkins............................ 18 5.2.8 LibreOffice.......................... 18 5.2.9 OFTC............................. 19 5.2.10 PostgreSQL.......................... 19 5.2.11 Privoxy............................ 19 5.2.12 The Mana World....................... 19 A About SPI 21 2 Chapter 1 President's Welcome SPI continues to focus on our core services, quietly and competently supporting the activities of our associated projects. A huge thank-you to everyone, particularly our board and other key volun- teers, whose various contributions of time and attention over the last year made continued SPI operations possible! { Bdale Garbee, SPI President 3 Chapter 2 Committee Reports 2.1 Membership Committee 2.1.1 Statistics On January 1, 2015 we had 512 contributing and 501 non-contributing mem- bers. -
A New Generation of Linux-Only
Newsdesk THIS ISSUE: Linux-exclusive PCs Linus Torvalds has doubts Microsoft protects Linux severs Steam on Chromebooks HARDWARE SYSTEMS A new generation of Dell Linux-only PCs CREDIT: It’s the year of Linux on some desktops – perhaps this whole FOSS thing will catch on! omething unusual is happening in the output supporting 4K at world of computing: companies big and 60Hz it’s ideal for use as a S small are releasing PCs with Linux media centre system, but running on them. Crucially, in these cases a Linux would run well as either a The Dell XPS 13 Developer operating systems being the only OS option. mini-destop or mini-server. Edition is an Ubuntu-only model. This shows an operational change in the Juno Computers, based both in the UK and marketplace, demonstrating that companies are the US, has made us aware of its all-new gaming not only confident that Linux-only models can laptop, the Neptune 15, that can be bought either sell in enough volume to make money, but that with Ubuntu 20.04 pre-installed, or no OS at all3. they’re happy to support those devices. It’s one It’s powered by the latest Intel Core i7-10875H thing to offer variations of existing Windows eight-core processor and runs a high-end Nvidia models, but quite another to only build a model GeForce RTX 2060 GPU with 6GB of GDDR6. At that offers Linux. £1,650 it’s one powerful – if expensive – system. We reported in LXF265 that Lenovo has We could argue that this trend, in part, extended its Ubuntu certification, making it able coincides with figures that show during the to offer Ubuntu pre-installed on a wider range of its Workstation offerings. -
Conflict Resolution Via Containerless Filesystem Virtualization
Dependency Heaven: Conflict Resolution via Containerless Filesystem Virtualization Anonymous Author(s) Abstract previous installation, effectively preventing concurrent ver- Resolving dependency versioning conflicts in applications sions of that library from coexisting. The same is true for is a long-standing problem in software development and packages whose executable names does not change across deployment. Containers have become a popular way to ad- releases; unless the user renames the existing executable dress this problem, allowing programs to be distributed in a files prior to the installation of a new version it is notpos- portable fashion and to run them under strict security con- sible to keep both installations around. The problem with straints. Due to the popularity of this approach, its use has that approach is that it breaks package managers, as the re- started to extend beyond its original aim, with users often named files will not be featured in the package manager’s creating containers bundling entire Linux distributions to database and, consequently, will not be tracked anymore. run mundane executables, incurring hidden performance Further, unless executables depending on the renamed files and maintenance costs. This paper presents an alternative are modified to reflect their new path, users need todefine approach to the problem of versioning resolution applied to which executable to activate at a given time, usually through locally-installed applications, through a virtualization tool tricky management of symbolic -
Install Gnome Software Center Arch
Install gnome software center arch Upstream URL: License(s): GPL2. Maintainers: Jan Steffens. Package Size: MB. Installed Size: Installed Size: MB. gnome-software will be available as a preview in It can install, remove applications on systems with PackageKit. It can install updates on Gnome software will not start / Applications & Desktop. A quick video on Gnome Software Center in Arch Linux. Gnome unstable repository. There is a component called Polkit that is used by many applications to request root permissions to do things (it can do so because it's a. GNOME Software on #archlinux with native PackageKit backend, and this is a gui for installing software, ala ubuntu software manager, but distro This is some kind of Ubuntu Software Centre, with comments and all that. Need help installing Gnome Software Center for Arch Linux? Here are some instructions: Click DOWNLOAD HERE in the menu. Download the file. Make the file. I had to install it with along with packagekit. This is what's missing to make Antergos *the* beginner-friendly Arch-based distro, or general So, it is not a bad idea for the “Gnome Software Center” to include by default. GNOME software software center graphic that we will find the default in future releases of Fedora in addition to being installed in Arch Linux Please help me to install GNOME Software on. GNOME Software Will Work On Arch Linux With PackageKit the Alpm/Pacman back-end for using this GNOME application to install and. From: Sriram Ramkrishna ; To: desktop-devel-list devel-list gnome org>; Subject: gnome- software/packagekit. -
İşletim Sistemi İşletim Sistemi, Bilgisayar Donanımının Doğrudan
İşletim Sistemi İşletim sistemi, bilgisayar donanımının doğrudan denetimi ve yönetiminden, temel sistem işlemlerinden ve uygulama yazılımlarını çalıştırmaktan sorumlu olan sistem yazılımıdır. İşletim sistemi, üzerinde çalışan uygulamaların belleğe, disk ve diğer aygıtlara erişimini sağlamak, birden çok yazılım aynı anda çalıştığında kaynak yönetimini yürüterek birbirleri ile çakışmamalarını sağlamaktan sorumludur. Bir işletim sistemi, kavramsal olarak, üç grupta toplanabilecek bileşenlerden oluşur: kullanıcı ara yüzü (bu bir grafik kullanıcı ara yüzü veya komut satırı yorumlayıcısı ["kabuk" da denir] olabilir.), alt düzey sistem işlevleri ve bir çekirdek. Çekirdek, işletim sisteminin kalbidir. Adından da anlaşılabileceği gibi, "kabuk", çekirdeğin çevresini sararken, donanımla iletişim kurmak da çekirdeğin işidir. Kimi işletim sistemlerinde kabuk ve çekirdek tümüyle ayrı bileşenlerken, kimilerinde bu ayrım yalnızca kavramsaldır. Açık Kaynak Kodlu Yazılım Açık kaynak yazılım (open-source software) veya açık kaynak kodlu yazılım, kaynak kodu isteyen herkese açık olan yazılımlardır. Bu tür yazılımların ayırt edici özelliği kullanıcıya değiştirme özgürlüğü sağlamasıdır. Açık kaynak kodlu yazılımlar, uyarlanabilir, sağlam, hızlı ve güvenlidir. Açık kaynak kod dünyası, yeni bir yazılım üretme biçimi, yeni iş modelleri sunmaktadır. Programcılar yazılımları geliştirirken kullandıkları programlama dilleriyle kaynak dosyaları oluştururlar. Daha sonra derlemeli dillerde (C, C++, Java, Pascal) bu dosyayı derleyerek çalıştırılabilir hale çevirirler. -
System Im Griff
Ubuntu 17.04: Ausblick COMMUNITY-EDITIONEskil: Grafisches Diff für S. 54 auf die neue Strategie S. 14 Dateien und Verzeichnisse Frei kopieren und beliebig weiter verteilen ! 06.2017 06.2017 Konfigurationskontrolle, Recovery-Tools, neue Paketformate, Installer-Baukasten GRIFF SYSTEM IM SYSTEM SYSTEM IM GRIFF Etckeeper: Versionskontrolle SYSTEM IM GRIFF IM SYSTEM für alle Konfigurationsdateien S. 34 Calamares: Der Baukasten für ein einheitliches Setup S. 22 Flatpak und Snap: Security bei modernen Paketformaten S. 28 Recovery: Gelöschte Dateien erfolgreich wiederherstellen S. 40 Slimbook: KDE-Laptop mit satter Leistung S. 78 Von den KDE-Entwicklern konzipiert, zum fairen Preis zu haben: Alu-Unibody, Skylake-Architektur, mattes Full-HD-Display, optimal abgestimmte Software Immer gut bei Kasse S. 56 Perfekt digitalisieren S. 50 Unkomplizierte Finanzverwaltung GnuCash So retten Sie Ihre Schätze von alten samt Online-Banking und Berichterstellung LPs und MCs in das digitale Zeitalter Top-Distris • Bitwig Studio 2 GnuCash Makagiga Httpie Stacer KDE Slimbook Ubuntu 17.04 Smenu auf zwei Heft-DVDs GNUCASH • KDE SLIMBOOK • BITWIG 2 • STACER • UBUNTU 17.04 • • 17.04 UBUNTU • STACER • BITWIG • 2 KDE SLIMBOOK GNUCASH • EUR 8,50 EUR 9,35 sfr 17,00 EUR 10,85 EUR 11,05 EUR 11,05 2 DVD-10 06 www.linux-user.de Deutschland Österreich Schweiz Benelux Spanien Italien 4 196067 008502 06 Editorial Rolle rückwärts Sehr geehrte Leserinnen und Leser, Als 2004 „Warty Warthog“ erschien, das Was stört es die Eiche, wenn die Sau sich erste Ubuntu-Release, traf die neue Dis- daran reibt, dachte sich Mark Shuttle- tribution den Nerv der Zeit: Ein simpel zu worth offenbar, und ließ die Canonical- installierendes Debian-Derivat mit aktu- Entwickler aller Kritik zum Trotz weiter eller Software, das in einheitlicher Optik an den Ubuntu-Sonderwegen stricken. -
Release Notes for Debian 10 (Buster), IBM System Z
Release Notes for Debian 10 (buster), IBM System z The Debian Documentation Project (https://www.debian.org/doc/) September 30, 2021 Release Notes for Debian 10 (buster), IBM System z This document is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. The license text can also be found at https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html and /usr/ share/common-licenses/GPL-2 on Debian systems. ii Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Reporting bugs on this document . 1 1.2 Contributing upgrade reports . 1 1.3 Sources for this document . 2 2 What’s new in Debian 10 3 2.1 Supported architectures . 3 2.2 What’s new in the distribution? . 3 2.2.1 UEFI Secure Boot . 4 2.2.2 AppArmor enabled per default . 4 2.2.3 Optional hardening of APT . 5 2.2.4 Unattended-upgrades for stable point releases . 5 2.2.5 Substantially improved man pages for German speaking users . 5 2.2.6 Network filtering based on nftables framework by default .