Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM 1

Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM 1 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM 2 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM Table of Contents 3 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM How Charles I’s Relationship with His Family and with Parliament Helps Us to Understand His Rule Charles’s father 4 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM Charles and Parliament 5 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM 6 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM Why Charles I’s 11 Years’ Tyranny Wasn’t Tyrannical Enough The emergence of the 11 Years’ Tyranny 7 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM Ruling without Parliament 8 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM 9 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM Why Did Charles I Believe in the Divine Right of Kings? The divine right of kings 10 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM The return of Parliament 11 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM 12 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM Why Did Parliament Challenge Royal Power in the 17th Century? There had been something in the water for a long time The threat to Parliament 13 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM The arrest of the Five Members 14 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM The road to war 15 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM 16 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM Were the Parliamentarians Aware of How Radical Going to War Against Their King Was? 17 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM 18 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM 4 Key Battles That Turned the English Civil War 1. Battle of Edgehill: 23 October 1642 2. Battle of Newbury: 20 September 1643 19 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM 3. Battle of Marston Moor: 2 July 1644 4. Naseby: 14 June 1645 20 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM The Battle of Edgehill. 21 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army Turning the tide Creating a new army 22 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM A new way of fighting Oliver Cromwell. 23 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM Was Charles I the Villain That History Depicts Him As? Killing a king 24 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM 25 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM The terrible 17th century 26 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM The White King 27 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM What Were the Key Developments in Propaganda During the English Civil War? 1. The power of print 2. Attacks on religion 28 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM 3. Personal attacks 4. Satirical attacks 29 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM Cromwell’s Convicts: The Death March of 5,000 Scottish Prisoners from Dunbar An English trail of tears Official tally of captives 30 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM Indentured servants 31 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM To the New World Discovery of remains 32 Charles I and the Civil War HISTORYHIT.COM Oliver Cromwell at the Battle of Dunbar. 33 .

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The Kingsmill Memorial, Radway and the English Civil
On Sunday 23rd October 1642, the first formal battle of the English Civil War took place on Radway ground between Edgehill and Kineton. The battle was unplanned. The Royalist and Parliamentarian armies were both on their way to London when they found themselves in close proximity to each other and Charles I decided to force a confrontation. The quiet villages around Avon Dassett were suddenly and bloodily confronted with the full horrors of a war which pitched neighbours and families against one another. The Parliamentarians were based in Kineton, whilst the Royal family were billeted in Wormleighton Manor. Thus Avon Dassett was en route to the battle site and was probably used to billet soldiers and horses. Cannon balls and lead shot are still being discovered in the village. For one Hampshire family, the Battle of Edgehill brought tragedy. Henry, the second son of Sir Henry and Lady Bridget Kingsmill was killed by a cannon ball on the field of battle. Bridget had been widowed 18 years before Edgehill and had thus assumed control of the family’s land and wealth. The tomb of Sir Henry and Lady Bridget Kingsmill in Kingsclere Church (erected in the same year as the Kingsmill Memorial at Radway) Bridget Kingsmill was determined that Henry’s death should be remembered. In 1670, ten years after the Restoration of Charles II and two years before her own death she erected a memorial in Radway Church to commemorate her son’s sacrifice. HERE LYETH EXPECTING THE SECOND COMING OF OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR HENRY KINGSMILL ESQ. SECOND SON OF HENRY KINGSMILL OF SIMONTON IN YE COUNTY OF SOUTHERN KENT WHO SERVING AS A CAPTAIN OF FOOT UNDER HIS MAJESTYCHARLES 1st OF BLESSED MEMORY WAS AT YE BATTLE OF EDGEHILL IN YE YEARE OF OUR LORD 1642 AS HE WAS MANFULLY FIGHTING ON BEHALF OF HIS KING AND COUNTRY UNHAPPILY SLAIN BY CANNON BULLET IN MEMORY OF WHOM HIS MOTHER THE LADY BRIDGET KINGSMILL DID IN THE 46TH YEARE OF HER WIDOWHOOD IN THE YEARE OF OUR LORD 1670 ERECTED THIS MONUMENT.
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The Military Career of Richard, Lord Molyneux, C
THE MILITARY CAREER OF RICHARD, LORD MOLYNEUX, C. 1623-54 J.M. Gratton, B.A., M.Ed. Although it is indisputable that James Stanley seventh Earl of Derby was widely regarded as the major Lancashire royalist, especially in the first and third civil wars, in terms of activity and enthusiasm for the Royal cause, two other Lancashire personalities deserve more attention than they have hitherto received - Sir Thomas Tyldesley and Richard Lord Molyneux. Of these two prominent Royalist leaders Tyldesley figures far more amongst both contemporary observers and later commentators.' In contrast Lord Molyneux has remained a shadowy figure. Virtually nothing is known of his character nor how he was regarded by his contemporaries.2 Furthermore most secondary accounts have failed to document in full the contribution Molyneux made to the Royalist side in a career which saw him rise to the rank of brigade commander and led to his fighting as far north as Cumberland, as far south and east as Brentford and as far west as Montgomeryshire. The Molyneux, primarily yet not exclusively Roman Catholic, had emerged by the seventeenth century as the second most important family in Lancashire, second only to the Stanleys. When James I introduced the new order of baronets in 1611, Sir Richard Molyneux of Sefton was the second baronet in all England. Sir Richard was created first Viscount Molyneux of Maryborough in the Irish Peerage in December 1628. In the same year he was Deputy-Lieutenant of Lancashire but noted as a recusant and non- communicant. The First Viscount was one of only two Royalist gentry in the county who held an important office of state between 1625 and 1645 being Receiver-General of the Duchy of Lancaster.
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Why Did Cromwell's New Model Army Win the Civil War?
Why did Cromwell’s New Model Army win the Civil War? • At the start of the civil war, the King’s armies were much better equipped. It took a while for Parliament to gather money through tax. After this got going, Parliament’s New Model Army made huge improvements. There were only four major battles during the Civil War: • 1642 Edgehill (near Birmingham). Indecisive, but the King came out on top. • 1644 Marston Moor (Yorkshire). Parliament won. • 1645 Naseby (Northamptonshire) Cromwell’s New Model Army (for Parliament) won. • 1648 Preston (North West of England). Cromwell’s armies defeated the Royalists. This was the last major battle before Charles I was executed. TASK: Answer these questions in full sentences. There are 14 possible marks. Subheading: The Battle of Edgehill 1. When, where and why was the battle held? (3 marks). 2. Give two reasons why the king’s army won. (2 marks). 3. How does Sources C disagree with Source B about the outcome of the battle? WHY do they disagree? (What is the PURPOSE of Source C?) (2 marks). Subheading: The Battle of Marston Moor 4. Which city was being besieged in 1644 by Parliamentarians? (1 mark). 5. Who did Charles send a letter to in order to help this city? (1 mark). 6. How did Prince Rupert avoid battle with the Parliamentary army under Oliver Cromwell? (1 mark). 7. Prince Rupert then decided to risk battle with the Parliamentarians on 2 July, 1644. Give two reasons why the Royalists lost this battle. (2 marks). 8. What can you learn about Cromwell’s military leadership in Source D? (Use a quote to support your answer).
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Cromwell Study Day: October 2014 66
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University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk i ii UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF LAW, ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Doctor of Philosophy MILITARY INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS IN THE FIRST ENGLISH CIVIL WAR 1642 – 1646 By John Edward Kirkham Ellis This thesis sets out to correct the current widely held perception that military intelligence operations played a minor part in determining the outcome of the English Civil War. In spite of the warnings of Sir Charles Firth and, more recently, Ronald Hutton, many historical assessments of the role played by intelligence-gathering continue to rely upon the pronouncements made by the great Royalist historian Sir Edward Hyde, earl of Clarendon, in his History of the Rebellion. Yet the overwhelming evidence of the contemporary sources shows clearly that intelligence information did, in fact, play a major part in deciding the outcome of the key battles that determined the outcome of the Civil War itself.
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Document of the Month November 2019 1
Document of the Month November 2019 List of expenses incurred before and after the fighting at Edgehill, Worcester and Stow, CR1768/46 Last month saw the anniversary of the Battle of Edgehill, and so November’s Document of the Month is a list of expenses, taken from the Tomes family of Long Marston collection, which was incurred during various battles of the English Civil War. As well as the Battle of Edgehill, the document refers to the Battle of Worcester and the Battle of Stow. Some of the expenses incurred include “2 shillings cheese one shilling bread after edgehill fight A barell of beer to the Earle of Essixs at Wiscester”1. During the Civil War, soldiers often commandeered supplies from the places they passed through. Staff at the Record Office have been voluntarily transcribing English Civil War Loss Accounts as part of a wider project and have come across some interesting examples of people having to give up livestock – “a quarter of mutton” and “a couple of chickens”, vegetable patches – “spoylinge my cabages”, swords, pistols, scabbards – “a sword and a flagon”, cooking implements and personal effects – “ one hatt and a pair of breeches”. Some accounts state that items were taken under duress or without their consent – “A mare of his had been voyalently taken away from his stable”. List of expenses, Warwickshire County Record Office CR1768/46 1 Warwickshire County Record Office. List of expenses incurred before and after the fighting at Edgehill, Worcester and Stow. Document Reference CR1768/46. 1 Document of the Month November 2019 The English Civil War The English Civil War spanned from 1642 to 1651 and was fought between opposing forces of the monarchy of Charles I and Parliamentarian forces led by Oliver Cromwell.
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John Hampden: War Leader? by Jonathan Keen
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Religious Violence in the English Civil War, 1642-1646
“God is pleased to be called a man of Warre”: Religious Violence in the English Civil War, 1642-1646 Micheline Jessica Astley-Boden BA (Hons) A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2014 School of History, Philosophy, Religion, and Classics Abstract In the seventeenth century, daily lives were shaped by religious observance; the Bible was the means by which the world was understood, and Biblical language was one of the most comprehensive tools of expression. However, religious orthodoxy was a hotly contested issue that pervaded political discourse and fired loyalties at all levels of society. This thesis therefore analyses the extent to which religious convictions and difference permeated the civil war armies and continued to drive soldiers’ actions throughout the First Civil War (1642-1646). Dedication to religious observance safeguarded the Christian soldiers’ immortal souls, but each side’s religiosity, and perception of the world, resulted in the use of religious doctrine to explain difference and validate violence against ‘God’s enemies’. Although providing evidence for the role of religion in both the Parliamentarian and Royalist armies, this thesis, at times, places emphasis on the Royalists due to their relative historiographical underrepresentation. While the Parliamentarian army has been viewed as deeply religious – ‘godly’ – there is evidence that the Royalist side, too, structured army life around divine services. It is also apparent that the high command on both sides undertook a determined campaign to disseminate the language of holy war to their troops. These ideas diffused through the civil war armies. They were reflected by the soldiers – those in high positions of power to those among the lower ranks – on military banners and in letters, diaries, and journals.
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English Civil War Timeline 1639 - 1646
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Battlefields Trail Is a Long Distance Footpath Running 20 Miles Through Beautiful Countryside in the Heart of England
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TACW Playbook-3
This Accursed Civil War 1 This Accursed Civil War Five Battles of the English Civil War Edgehill 1642 • 1st Newbury 1643 • Marston Moor 1644 • 2nd Newbury 1644 • Naseby 1645 PLAY BOOK Table of Contents 1. Determining Victory ................................. 2 6. Naseby—June 14th 1645 .......................... 12 2. Edgehill—October 23, 1642 ..................... 2 7. Historical Notes ........................................ 14 3. First Newbury—September 20, 1643 ....... 4 8. Designer's Notes ....................................... 18 4. Marston Moor—July 2, 1644.................... 6 9. Bibliography ............................................. 19 5. Second Newbury—October 27, 1644 ....... 8 10. Credits ....................................................... 20 © 2002 GMT Games 2 This Accursed Civil War Determining Victory Parliament. The King had a clear advantage in numbers and quality of horse. The reverse was the case for Parliament. This Royalists earn VPs for Parliament losses and vice versa. Vic- pattern would continue for some time. tory is determined by subtracting the Royalist VP total from the Parliament VP total. The Victory Points (VPs) are calculated Prelude for the following items: Charles I had raised his standard in Nottingham on August 22nd. Victory The King found his support in the North, Wales and Cornwall; Event Points the Parliament in the South and East. The army of Parliament Eliminated Cavalry Unit ............................................. 10 was at Northampton. The King struck out towards Shrewsbury to gain needed support. Essex moved on Worcester, trying to Per Cavalry Casualty Point place his army between the King and London, as the King's on Map at End ............................................................. 2 army grew at Shrewsbury. By the 12th of October the King felt Eliminated Two-Hex Infantry Unit ............................. 10 he was sufficiently strong to move on London and crush the Eliminated One-Hex Heavy Infantry Unit .................
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